Abstract
Individual differences in selection of intensity of angry interactions and physiological and self-reported responses to interadult anger were examined in preschoolers (N=34). Children watched two videotaped angry interactions between adults, while their heart rates and skin conductance responses and levels were monitored; then they were interviewed. Before the second argument, children were given the perceived choice of watching an intense or mild angry exchange. Individual differences in responding to the angry interactions were found. Both (a) children with relatively higher externalizing behavior problems and (b) boys who chose to watch intense anger had lower tonic heart rates; 80% of boys with externalizing problems chose to watch intense anger. Further, children who chose to watch intense anger (a) exhibited lower declines in heart rates upon the presentation of the argument, (b) perceived the actors as more angry, and (c) reported lower amounts of distress during the argument than those who chose mild anger.
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El-Sheikh, M., Ballard, M. & Cummings, E.M. Individual differences in preschoolers' physiological and verbal responses to videotaped angry interactions. J Abnorm Child Psychol 22, 303–320 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02168076
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02168076