Skip to main content
Log in

Private thought in rational emotive psychotherapy

  • Published:
Cognitive Therapy and Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper, which is theoretical in orientation, advances the argument that the characteristics of a client's thought are overlooked in rational emotive psychotherapy and that new avenues of professional practice and research may evolve from a detailed examination of the nature of thought. Psychodynamic, psycholinguistic, and cognitive-behavioral conceptions of factors that interfere with a client's ability to report his/her private thoughts are discussed. A model of thought is proposed that postulates levels of thought that vary in client awareness and that can be represented on a continuum from covert verbalization to abbreviated, elliptical private thought. Implications of this model for professional practice are discussed in the form of two therapeutic techniques that are directed to ward the assessment of private thought. It is argued that rational emotive assessment techniques may be too directive to ensure sufficient levels of self-discovery. It is further argued that to facilitate the maintenance and generalization of client change, therapeutic instructions should be expressed in a form that is compatible with and can be incorporated within the client's idiosyncratic intrapersonal communication system and cognitive structure.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bandler, R., & Grinder, J.The structure of magic I: A book about language and therapy. Palo Alto: Science and Behaviour Books, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T.Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York: International Universities Press, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, A. M., & Quillian, M. R. Retrieval time for semantic memory.Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 1969,8 240–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, A.Reason and emotion psychotherapy. Secaucus, New Jersey: Citadel Press, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finely, J. R., & Staats, A. W. Evaluative meaning words as reinforcement stimuli.Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 1967,6 193–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fodor, J. Some reflections on L. S. Vygotsky's thought and language.Cognition 1973,1 83–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud, S.Inhibitions, symptoms, and anxiety. London: Hogarth, 1926.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldfried, M. R. Anxiety reduction through cognitive-behavioral intervention. In P. C. Kendall & S. D. Hollon (Eds.),Cognitive-behavioral intervention: Theory, research and procedures. New York: Academic Press, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hersen, M., & Bellack, A. S.Behavioral assessment: A practical handbook. New York: Pergamon Press, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, R.A factored measure of Ellis' irrational belief system with personality and maladjustment correlates. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Texas Technical College, 1968.

  • Kendall, P. C., & Finch, A. J. Jr. A cognitive-behavioral treatment for impulsivity: A group comparison study.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1978,46 110–118.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kendall, P. C., & Finch, A. J. Jr. Developing nonimpulsive behavior in children: Cognitivebehavioral strategies for self-control. In P. C. Kendall & S. D. Hollon (Eds.),Cognitive-behavioral intervention: Theory, research and procedures. New York: Academic Press, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kendall, P. C., & Korgeski, G. P. Assessment and cognitive-behavioral interventions.Cognitive Therapy and Research 1979,3 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malan, D. H.Individual psychotherapy and the science of psychodynamics. London: Butterworths, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meichenbaum, D. Enhancing creativity by modifying what subjects say to themselves.American Educational Research Journal 1975,12 120–146. (a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Meichenbaum, D. Self-instructional methods. In F. Kanfer & A. Goldstein (Eds.),Helping people change. New York: Pergamon, 1975. (b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Meichenbaum, D. H.Cognitive behavior modification. New York: Plenum, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Menninger, K.Theory of psychoanalytic technique. Menninger Clinic Monograph Series No. 12. London: Imago, 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes.Psychological Review 1977,84 231–259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osgood, C. E., Suci, G. J., & Tannenbaum, P. H.The measurement of meaning. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  • Padawer, W. J., Zupan, B. A., & Kendall, P. C. Developing self-control in children: A manual of cognitive-behavioral strategies. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rathjen, D. A., Rathjen, E. D., & Hiniker, A. A cognitive analysis of social performance. In J. P. Foreyt & D. P. Rathjen (Eds.),Cognitive behavior therapy: Research and application. New York: Plenum Press, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Staats, A. W. Conditioned stimuli, conditioned reinforcers, and word meaning. In A. W. Staats (Ed.),Human learning. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Staats, A. W. Language behavior therapy: A derivative of social behaviorism.Behavior Therapy 1972,3 165–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tulving, E. Episodic and semantic memory. In E. Tulving & N. Donaldson (Eds.),Organization of memory. New York: Academic Press, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vygotsky, L. S.Thought and language. Cambridge: M.I.T. Press, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bernard, M.E. Private thought in rational emotive psychotherapy. Cogn Ther Res 5, 125–142 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01172521

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01172521

Keywords

Navigation