Abstract
An investigation of children with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) was conducted using a new instrument, the Kiddie-Infant Descriptive Instrument for Emotional State (KIDIES). The KIDIES rates several affective and behavioral dimensions based on facial, vocal, gestural, and postural cues. The study's goals were to determine whether the KIDIES could detect individual differences in responsivity among the PDD subjects; to ascertain the KIDIES' sensitivity in identifying group differences between PDD subjects and control children with other developmental disorders. Children were videotaped during episodes with three partners: the mother, a familiar female teacher, an unfamiliar male doctor. Episodes were scored using the KIDIES. PDD subjects were most severely impaired during the Mother episode in comparison to the controls. Equally as striking was the within-episode heterogeneity among PDD subjects. During the Teacher episode, PDD subjects were twice as variable in interpersonal response as the controls.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
American Psychiatric Association. (1987).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
Baron-Cohen, S. (1988). Social and pragmatic deficits in autism: Cognitive or affective?Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 18, 379–402.
Baron-Cohen, S. (1989). Joint-attention deficits in autism: Towards a cognitive analysis.Development and Psychopathology, 1, 185–189.
Cicchetti, D. V., & Sparrow, S. A. (1981). Developing criteria for establishing interrater reliability of specific items in a given inventory.American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 86, 127–137.
Dawson, G., Hill, D., Spencer, A., & Galpert, L. (1988).Affective exchanges between young autistic children and their mothers. Paper presented at the International Conference in Infant Studies. Washington, DC.
Dawson, G., Hill, D., Spencer, A., Galpert, L., & Watson, L. (1990). Affective exchanges between young autistic children and their mothers.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 18, 335–345.
Dawson, G., & Lewy, A. (1989). Arousal, attention, and the socioemotional impairments of individuals with autism. In G. Dawson (Ed.), Autism: Nature, diagnosis, and treatment (pp. 49–74). New York: Guilford.
Fein, D., Pennington, B., Markowitz, P., Braverman, M., & Waterhouse, L. (1986). Toward a neuropsychological model of infantile autism: Are the social defects primary?Journal of American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 25, 198–212.
Fleiss, J. L. (1981).Statistical methods for rates and proportions. New York: Wiley.
Freitag, G. (1970). An experimental study of the social responsiveness of children with autistic behaviors.Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 9, 436–453.
Hertzig, M. E., & Snow, M. E. (1985, October). Affect and cognition in autism.Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, San Antonio, TX.
Hertzig, M. E., Snow, M. E., & Sherman, M. (1989). Affect and cognition in autism.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 195–199.
Hobson, R. P. (1986). The autistic child's appraisal of expressions of emotion.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27, 321–342.
Hobson, R. P. (1990). On the origins of self and the case of autism.Development and Psychopathology, 2, 163–182.
Kanner, L. (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contact.Nervous Child, 2, 217–250.
Kanner, L. (1944). Early infantile autism,Journal of Pediatrics, 25, 211–217.
Kasari, C., Sigman, M., Mundy, P., & Yirmiya, N. (1990). Affective sharing in the context of joint attention interactions of normal autistic, and mentally retarded children.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 20, 87–100.
Knobloch, H., Stevents, F., & Malone, A. (1980).Manual of developmental diagnosis. Philadelphia: Harper and Row.
Langdell, T. (1978). Recognition of faces: An approach to the study of autism.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 12, 255–268.
Langdell, T. (1981).Face perception: An approach to the study of autism. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of London.
Mundy, P., & Sigman, M. (1989). The theoretical implications of joint-attention deficits in autism.Development and Psychopathology, 3, 173–183.
Mundy, P., Sigman, M., Ungerer, J., & Sherman, T. (1986). Defining the social deficits in autism: The contribution of nonverbal communication measures.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27, 657–669.
Ostrom, C. W. (1978).Time series analysis: Regression techniques. Beverly Hills: Sage.
Rogers, S. J., & Pennington, B. F. (1991). A theoretical approach to the deficits in infantile autism.Development and Psychopathology, 3, 137–162.
SAS Institute Incorporated. (1984).SAS/ETS Users Guide, Version 5 Edition. Cary, NC: Author.
Shapiro, T., Sherman, M., Calamari, G., & Koch, D. (1987). Attachment in autism and other developmental disorders.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 480–484.
Snow, M. E., Hertzig, M. E., & Shapiro, T. (1987). Expression of emotion in young autistic children.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 836–838.
Stern, D. N., MacKain, K., Raduns, K., Hopper, P., Kaminsky, C., Evans, S., Shilling, N., Giraldo, L., Kaplan, M., Nachman, P., Trad, P., Polan, J., Barnard, K., & Spieker, S. (1992). The Kiddie-Infant Descriptive Instrument for Emotional States (KIDIES): An Instrument for the measurement of affective state in infancy and early childhood.Infant Mental Health Journal, 13, 107–118.
Trad, P. V. (1986).Infant depression: Paradigms and paradoxes. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Trad, P. V. (1989).The preschool child: Assessment, diagnosis and treatment, New York: Wiley.
Trad, P. V., Shapiro, T., Hertzig, M., & Bernstein, D. (1992). Using the KIDIES for diagnosing developmental disorders.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 728–734.
Volkmar, F. R., & Mayes, L. C. (1990). Gaze behavior in autism.Development and Psychology, 2, 61–69.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Trad, P.V., Bernstein, D., Shapiro, T. et al. Assessing the relationship between affective responsivity and social interaction in children with pervasive developmental disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 23, 361–377 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01046225
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01046225