Abstract
College students attributed meaning on a questionnaire to 31 types of nonreciprocal touch occurring in opposite-sex romantic relationships. Subject sex and origin of touch (self vs. partner) had minor effects on attributed meanings. Subjects most often perceived these touches as expressing warmth/love, and rarely as expressing dominance/control.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alagna, F.J., Whitcher, S.J., Fisher, J.D., & Wichas, E.A. Evaluative reactions to interpersonal touch in a counseling interview.Journal of Counseling Psychology 1979,26 465–472.
Bonner, S.G., O'Connell, A.N., & Haupt, E.J.The meaning of touch: From affiliation to power and dominance. Paper presented at the meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, Baltimore, MD, April 1984.
Bordon, R.J., & Homleid, G.M. Handedness and lateral positioning in heterosexual couples: Are men still stongarming women?Sex Roles 1978,4 67–73.
deWever, M.D. Nursing home patients' perception of nurses' affective touching.The Journal of Psychology 1977,96 163–171.
Ferguson, G.A.Statistical analysis in psychology and education (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill, 1981.
Fisher, J.D., Rytting, M., & Heslin, R. Hands touching hands: Affective and evaluative effects of an interpersonal touch.Sociometry 1976,39 416–421.
Florez, C.A., & Goldman, M. Evaluation of interpersonal touch by the sighted and the blind.The Journal of Social Psychology 1982,116 229–234.
Goldstein, A.G., & Jeffords, J. Status and touching behavior.Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 1981,17 79–81.
Henley, N.M. Status and sex: Some touching observations.Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 1973,2 91–93.
Henley, N.M.Body Politics: Power, sex, and nonverbal communication. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1977.
Heslin, R., & Boss, D. Nonverbal intimacy in airport arrival and departure.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1980,6 248–252.
Hewitt, J., & Feltham, D. Differential reaction to touch by men and women.Perceptual and Motor Skills 1982,55 1291–1294.
Hoddinott, E. & Follingstad, D.R. Effects of instructional set and personality variables on the use of touching.Perceptual and Motor Skills 1983,56 299–309.
Hollender, M.H. The need or wish to be held.Archives of General Psychiatry 1970,22 445–453.
Hubble, M.A., Noble, F.C., & Robinson, S.E. The effect of counselor touch in an initial counseling session.Journal of Counseling Psychology 1981,28 533–535.
Huss, A.J. Touch with care or a caring touch?The American Journal of Occupational Therapy 1977,31 11–18.
Juni, S., & Brannon, R. Interpersonal touching as a function of status and sex.The Journal of Social Psychology 1981,114 135–136.
Maier, R.A., & Ernest, R.C. Sex differences in the perception of touching.Perceptual and Motor Skills 1978,46 577–578.
Major, B. Gender patterns in touching behavior. In C. Mayo and N.M. Henley (Eds.),Gender and nonverbal behavior (pp. 15–37). New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
Major, B., & Heslin, R.Perceptions of same-sex and cross-sex touching: It's better to give than to receive. Paper presented at the meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, 1978.
Montagu, A. The skin, touch, and human development. In S. Weitz (Ed.),Nonverbal communication: Readings with commentary (pp. 328–337). New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.
Nguyen, M.L., Heslin R., & Nguyen, T.D. The meaning of touch: Sex and marital differences.Representative Research in Social Psychology 1976,7 13–18.
Nguyen, T.D., Heslin, R., & Nguyen, M.L. The meaning of touch: Sex differences.Journal of Communication 1975,25 92–103.
Nicosia, G.J., Hyman, D., Karlin, R.A., Epstein, Y.M., & Aiello, J.R. Effects of bodily contact on reactions to crowding.Journal of Applied Social Psychology 1979,9 508–523.
Pattison, J.E. Effects of touch on self-exploration and the therapeutic relationship.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1973,40 170–175.
Raiche, B.M. The effects of touch in counselor portrayal of empathy and regard, and in the promotion of child self-disclosure, as measured by videotape simulation (Doctoral dissertation, University of Maine, 1977).Dissertation Abstracts International 1977,38 1902–1903A.
Stolte, K.M. An exploratory study of patients' perceptions of the touch they received during labor (Doctoral dissertation, University of Kansas, 1976).Dissertation Abstracts International, 1977,37, 4708A.
Summerhayes, D.L., & Suchner, R.W. Power implications of touch in male-female relationships.Sex Roles 1978,4 103–110.
Sussman, N.M., & Rosenfeld, H.M. Touch, justification, and sex: Influences on the aversiveness of spatial violations.The Journal of Social Psychology 1978,106 215–225.
Whitcher, S.L., & Fisher, J.D. Multi-dimensional reaction to therapeutic touch in a hospital setting.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1979,37 87–96.
Willis, F.N., & Rinck, C.M. A personal log method for investigating interpersonal touch.The Journal of Psychology 1983,113 119–122.
Wilson, J.M. The value of touch in psychotherapy.American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 1982,52 65–72.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
The authors are grateful to Richard Heslin and Jeffrey Fisher for their assistance in designing the study, and to C. Van Nelson for assistance in data analysis.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pisano, M.D., Wall, S.M. & Foster, A. Perceptions of nonreciprocal touch in romantic relationships. J Nonverbal Behav 10, 29–40 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00987203
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00987203