Skip to main content
Log in

John wesley on health as wholeness

  • Published:
Journal of Religion and Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper explores John Wesley's concept of health as wholeness. Three themes gleaned from the medical community of his day-the idea of the well-working of the body as a whole, the view of “sympathy” throughout one's total being, and a belief in the natural means of promoting health-were critical for Wesley. Moreover, the themes were interconnected. Because of the symbiotic relation between body and spirit, a well-working body was fundamental to Wesley's wholistic view of health. Furthermore, sensible regimen was viewed as the natural way of realizing a life of health and wholeness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Wesley, J. In Jackson, T., ed.,The Works of John Wesley [hereafter,Works], 14 vols. (1872) Grand Rapids, 1979, Vol. 5, p. 2.

  2. See Outler, A. C., “John Wesley: Folk Theologian,”Theology Today, 1977, 34, 150–160.

    Google Scholar 

  3. See, for example, my previous articles, “John Wesley on Health: A Word for Sensible Regimen,”Methodist History, 1980, 18, 193–204, and “John Wesley and the Non-Naturals,”Preventive Medicine, 1980, 9, 578–584; also Vanderpool, H. Y., “The Wesleyan Methodist Tradition.” InCaring and Curing: Health and Medicine in the Western Religious Traditions. New York, Macmillan, 1986.

  4. Wesley, J. In Curnock, N., ed.,The Journal of the Rev. John Wesley, A.M. [hereafter,Journal], 8 vols. London, The Epworth Press, 1938, Vol. 2, p. 514.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Ibid., Vol. 4, p. 90, footnote #1.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ibid., Vol. 4, p. 90.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Wesley, J. In Telford, J., ed.,The Letters of the Rev. John Wesley, A.M. [hereafter,Letters], 8 vols. London, The Epworth Press, 1931, Vol. 4, p. 121. The reference is specifically to the publication ofPrimitive Physick andElectricity Made Plain and Useful. However, these are but concrete expressions of his broader concern for health care.

    Google Scholar 

  8. —,Letters, op. cit., Vol. 6, p. 327.

    Google Scholar 

  9. In Outler, A. C., ed.,The Works of John Wesley [hereafter,Works, Bicentennial Edition]. Nashville, Abingdon Press, 1986, Vol. 4, p. 296.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Holifield, E. B.,Health and Medicine in the Methodist Tradition. New York, Crossroads, 1986, p. 15.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Hiltner, S., “The Bible Speaks to the Health of Man.” In White, D., ed.,Dialogue in Medicine and Theology. Nashville, Abingdon Press, 1967, p. 63.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kass, L.,Toward a More Natural Science. New York, The Free Press, 1985, pp. 164–172.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Vaux, K. L.,This Mortal Coil. New York, Harper and Row, 1978, p. 104 ff.

    Google Scholar 

  14. As cited by Kass,op. cit., p. 175.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Dubos, R.,Man, Medicine, and the Environment. New York, Frederick A Praeger, 1968, p. 57.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Ibid..

    Google Scholar 

  17. FromThe Works of Hippocrates. In Sobel, D. S., ed.,Ways of Health. New York, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979, p. 194.

  18. Wesley,Works, op. cit., Vol. 14, p. 311.

  19. Ibid., Vol. 14, p. 312.

  20. -,Letters, op. cit., Vol. 1, p. 11.

  21. -,Journal, op. cit., Vol. 2, p. 545.

  22. As quoted by Cousins, N.,Anatomy of an Illness. New York, Bantam Books, 1979, p. 112.

    Google Scholar 

  23. op. cit., p. 175.

    Google Scholar 

  24. For a succinct discussion of Pitcairn's views, see King, L. S.,The Philosophy of Medicine. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1978, pp. 109–118.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Schofield, R. E.,Mechanism and Materialism. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1969, p. 49.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Wesley,Works, op. cit., Vol. 14, p. 313.

  27. op. cit., p. 121ff.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Wesley,The Medical World of the Eighteenth Century. Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 1958, p. 75.

    Google Scholar 

  29. As quoted by King, L. S., “George Cheyne, Mirror of Eighteenth Century Medicine,”Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 1974, 48, 517–539.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Wesley,Works, op. cit., Vol. 6, p. 219.

  31. Wesley,Works, Bicentennial Edition,op. cit., Vol. 4, p. 297.

  32. Ibid.

  33. op. cit., p. 67.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Wesley,Works, op. cit., Vol. 14, p. 307.

  35. op. cit., p. 14ff.; also, Vaux, K. L., “Theological Foundations of Medical Ethics.” In Marty, M. E., and Vaux, K. L., eds.,Health/Medicine and the Faith Traditions. Philadelphia, Fortress Press, 1982, pp. 215–228.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Wesley,Works, op. cit., Vol. 7, p. 480.

  37. -.Works, Bicentennial Edition,op. cit., Vol. 4, p. 297.

  38. -.Works, op. cit., Vol. 14, pp. 313,314.

  39. In his sermon, “The New Creation,” Wesley looked to the day when there would arise “an unmixed state of holiness and happiness...”Works, op. cit., Vol. 6, p. 296. See also Holifield,op. cit., esp. p. 19ff.

  40. Outler, A. C.,Psychotherapy and the Christian Message. New York, Harper and Brothers, 1954, p. 179.

    Google Scholar 

  41. King, L. S.,The Growth of Medical Thought. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1963, p. 172.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Sydenham, T.,The Works of Thomas Sydenham, M.D., 2 vols., R. G. Latham, trans. London, printed for the Sydenham Society, 1868, Vol. 2, p. 90.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Ibid..

    Google Scholar 

  44. Cheyne, G.,An Essay on Regimen, 3rd ed. London, Dan Browne, 1763, p. 158.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Wesley,Works, op. cit., Vol. 6, p. 219; also Vol. 7, p. 346.

  46. Ibid., Vol. 7, p. 480.

  47. Ibid., Vol. 6, p. 95.

  48. Ibid., Vol. 7, p. 480.

  49. Ibid., Vol. 7, p. 347.

  50. Wise, C.,Psychiatry and the Bible. New York, Harper Brothers, 1965, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Wesley,Works, op. cit., Vol. 6, p. 94.

  52. Ibid., Vol. 14, p. 316.

  53. -,Journal, op. cit., Vol. 4, p. 313.

  54. -,Works, op. cit., Vol. 6, p. 94.

  55. Ibid., Vol. 14, p. 316.

  56. Cheyne, G.,An Essay of Health and Long Life. London, printed by George Strahan, 1725, p. 171.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Wesley,Works, op. cit., Vol. 14, p. 316.

  58. Ibid., Vol. 11, p. 516.

  59. Outler,Psychotherapy and the Christian Message, op. cit., p. 211.

    Google Scholar 

  60. op. cit., Vol. 1, p. 16.

    Google Scholar 

  61. FromThe Works of Hippocrates. In Sobel,op. cit., p. 194.

  62. op. cit., Vol. 1, p. 16,17.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Ibid., Vol. 1, p. 120.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Ibid., Vol. 2, p. 98.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Wesley,Journal, op. cit., Vol. 4, p. 79.

  66. op. cit., Vol. 1, p. 30.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Ibid., Vol. 1, p. 54.

    Google Scholar 

  68. See Jarcho, S., “Galen's Six Non-naturals: a Bibliographic Note and Translation,”Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 1970, 44, 372–377; also, Rather, L.J., “The ‘Six Things Non-natural’: a Note on the Origins and Fate of a Doctrine and a Phrase,”Clio Medica, 1970, 3, 337–347.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Boshears, O.K., Jr., “John Wesley, the Bookman: A Study of His Reading Interests in the Eighteenth Century.” Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Michigan, 1972.

  70. Wesley,Works, op. cit., Vol. 14, pp. 313,314.

  71. —,Journal, op. cit., Vol. 7, p. 408.

    Google Scholar 

  72. -,Works, op. cit., Vol. 11, pp. 519,520.

  73. -,Journal, op. cit., Vol. 2, p. 545.

  74. -Works, op. cit., Vol. 7, p. 31.

  75. Ibid., Vol. 7, p. 29.

  76. Cheyne,An Essay of Health and Long Life, op. cit., p. 106.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Wesley,Works, op. cit., Vol. 14, p. 268.

  78. Ibid., Vol. 11, p. 520.

  79. Ibid., Vol. 7, p. 138; also, Vol. 7, p. 225.

  80. Morison, R. S., “Rights and Responsibilities: Redressing the Uneasy Balance,”The Hastings Center Report, 1974, 4, 3.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Wesley,Letters, op. cit., Vol. 6, p. 327.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ott, P.W. John wesley on health as wholeness. J Relig Health 30, 43–57 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00986678

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00986678

Keywords

Navigation