Abstract
Peer sociometric nominations of clinic-referred children given the diagnosis of Attention) Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADD/H) or Attention Deficit Disorder without Hyperactivity (ADD/WO) were compared to one another and to those of normal control children. Only children with ADD diagnoses in the absence of other major diagnoses were included. Both children with ADD/H (n=16) and ADD/WO (n=11) received significantly fewer “liked most” nominations, more “liked least” nominations, and lower social preference scores than normal control (n=45) children. These results confirm previous findings of social deficits in children with ADD/H, even when codiagnoses are excluded. In addition, they support the validity of the diagnostic category of ADD/WO by demonstrating that the ADD/WO behavior pattern is apparently “psychopathological” in being associated with peer unpopularity after codiagnoses are excluded. When larger groups including all codiagnoses (primarily Conduct Disorder) of children with ADD/H (n=36) and ADD/WO (n=20) were compared, identical patterns of peer unpopularity were found, except that children with ADD/H also were significantly more likely to be nominated as a child who “fights most”.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
American Psychiatric Association. (1980).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Author.
American Psychiatric Association. (1987).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.) (revised).
August, G. J., & Stewart, M.A. (1982). Is there a syndrome of pure hyperactivity?British Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 305–311.
Bukowski, W.M., & Newcombe, A.F. (1984). Stability and determinants of sociometric status and friendship choice: A longitudinal perspective.Developmental Psychology, 20, 941–952.
Campbell, S., & Paulauskas, S. (1979). Peer relations in hyperactive children.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 20, 233–246.
Carlson, C.L. (1986). Attention deficit disorder without hyperactivity: A review of preliminary experimental evidence. In B. B. Lahey & A. E. Kazdin (Eds.),Advances in clinical child psychology (Vol. 3, pp. 153–175). New York: Plenum.
Coie, J. D., & Dodge, K. A. (1983). Continuities and changes in children's social status: A five-year longitudinal study.Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 29, 261–281.
Coie, J., Dodge, K., & Coppotelli, H. (1982). Dimensions and types of social status: A crossaged perspective.Developmental Psychology, 18, 557–570.
Conners, C. K. (1973). Rating scales for use in drug studies with children.Psychopharmacology Bulletin (Special Issue):Pharmacotherapy with Children, 24–29.
Dodge, K. A., Coie, J. D., & Brakke, N. P. (1982). Behavior patterns of socially rejected preadolescents: The roles of social approach and aggression.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 10, 389–409.
Douglas, V. I. (1972). Stop, look, and listen: The problem of sustained attention and impulse control in hyperactive and normal children.Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 4, 259–282.
Douglas, V. I. (1974). Sustained attention and impulse control: Implications for the handicapped child. In J. A. Swets & L. L. Elliott (Eds.),Psychology and the handicapped child (pp. 149–168). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Office of Education.
Douglas, V. I. (1976). Effects of medication on learning efficiency — Research findings: Review and synthesis. In R.P. Anderson & C. G. Halcomb (Eds.),Learning disability/minimal brain dysfunction syndrome (pp. 139–148). Springfiled, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas.
Douglas, V. I., & Peters, K. G. (1979). Toward a clearer definition of the attentional deficit of hyperactive children. In G. A. Hale & M. Lewis (Eds.),Attention and cognitive development (pp. 173–247). New York: Plenum Press.
Dunnington, M. H. (1957). Behavioral differences in sociometric status groups in a nursery school.Child Development, 28, 103–111.
Edelbrock, C., & Achenbach, T. M. (1984). The teacher version of the Child Behavior Profile: I. Boys aged 6–11Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 207–217.
Edelbrock, C., Costello, A. J., & Kessler, M. D. (1984). Empirical corroboration of the attention deficit disorder.Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 23, 285–290.
Gittelman, R., Mannuzza, S., Shenker, N., & Bonagura, N. (1985). Hyperactive boys almost grown up.Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 937–947.
Hartmann, D. P. (1977). Considerations in the choice of interobserver reliability estimates.Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 10, 103–116.
Johnston, C., Pelham, W. E., & Murphy, H. A. (1985). Peer relationships in ADDH and normal children: A developmental analysis of peer and teacher ratings.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 10, 89–100.
King, C., & Young, R. D. (1982). Attentional deficits with and without hyperactivity: Teacher and peer perceptions.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 10, 483–495.
Klein, A. R. & Young, R. D. (1979). Hyperactive boys in their classroom: Assessment of teacher and peer perceptions, interactions, and classroom behaviors.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 7, 425–442.
Lahey, B. B., Schaughency, E. A., Frame, C. L., & Strauss, C. C. (1985). Teacher ratings of attention problems in children experimentally classified as exhibiting attention deficit disorders with and without hyperactivity.Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24, 613–616.
Lahey, B. B., Schaughency, E. A., Strauss, C. C., & Frame, C. L. (1984). Are attention deficit disorders with and without hyperactivity similar or dissimilar disorders?Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 23, 302–309.
Milich, R., Landau, S., Kilby, G., & Whitten, P. (1982). Preschool peer perceptions of the behavior of hyperactive and aggressive children.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 10, 497–510.
Milich, R., & Loney, J. (1979). The role of hyperactive and aggressive symptomatology in predicting adolescent outcome among hyperactive children.Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 4, 93–112.
Myers, J. K., & Bean, L. L. (1968)A decade later: A follow-up of social class and mental illness. New York: Wiley.
Neeper, R. (1985).Toward the empirical delineation of learning disability subtypes. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia.
Neeper, R., & Lahey, B. B. (1986). The Children's Behavior Rating Scale: A factor analytic developmental Scale.School Psychology Review, 15, 277–288.
Olweus, D. (1977). Aggression and peer acceptance in adolescent boys: Two short-term longitudinal studies of ratings.Child Development 48, 1301–1313.
Peery, C. (1979). Popular, amiable, isolated, rejected: A reconceptualization of sociometric status in preschool children.Child Development, 50, 1231–1234.
Pekarik, E.G., Prinz, R. J., Liebert, D. E., Weintraub, S., & Neale, J. M. (1976). The Pupil Evaluation Inventory: A sociometric technque for assessing children's social behavior.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 4, 83–97.
Pelham, W. E., Atkins, M. S., & Murphy, H. A. (1981, August). Attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity: Definitional issues and correlates. In W. Pelham (Chair),DSM-III category of attention deficit disorders: rationale, operationalization, and correlates. Symposium presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles.
Pelham, W. E., & Bender, M. E. (1982). Peer relationships in hyperactive children: Description and treatment. In K. D. Gadow & I. Bialer (Eds.),Advances in learning and behavioral disabilities (Vol. 1, pp. 365–436). Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI Press.
Puig-Antich, J., & Chambers, W. (1978).The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for school-aged children. New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute.
Quay, H. C., & Peterson, D. R. (1983).Interim manual for the Revised Behavior Problem-Checklist. Coral Gables, Florida: University of Miami.
Satterfield, J. H., Hoppe, C. M., & Schell, A. M. (1982). A prospective study of delinquencyin 110 adolescent boys with attention deficit disorder and 88 normal adolescent boys.American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 795–798.
Spitzer, R. J., Cohen, J., Fleiss, J. L., & Endicott, J. (1967). Quantification of agreement in psychiatric diagnosis.Archives of General Psychiatry, 17, 83–87.
Spitzer, R. J., Forman, J. B. W., & Nee, J. (1979). DSM-III field trials: I. Initial interrater diagnostic reliability.American Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 815–820.
Stewart, M. A., Cummings, C., Singer, S., & deBlolis, C. S. (1981). The overlap between hyperactive and unsocialized aggressive children.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 22, 35–45.
Strauss, C. C., Lahey, B. B., Frick, P., Frame, C. L., & Hynd, G. W. (in press). Peer social status of children with anxiety disorders.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.
Swanson, J. M. Nolan, W. J., & Pelham, W. E. (1981).Parent-teacher rating scale for operationalizing DSM-III symptoms of attention deficit disorder. Unpublished manuscript, University of California, Irvine.
Whalen, C. K., Henker, B., Collins, B. E., McAuliffe, S., & Vaux, A. (1979). Peer intraction in structured communication task: Comparisons of normal and hyperactive boys and of methylphenidate (Ritalin) and placebo effects.Child Development, 50, 388–401.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Carlson, C.L., Lahey, B.B., Frame, C.L. et al. Sociometric status of clinic-referred children with Attention Deficit Disorders with and without Hyperactivity. J Abnorm Child Psychol 15, 537–547 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00917239
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00917239