Skip to main content
Log in

Parental conflict and children's coping styles in litigating separated families: Relationships with children's adjustment

  • Published:
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The influence of interparental verbal and physical aggression, children's coping styles, and relevant demographic factors on children's adjustment was examined in a group of 52 families who were disputing custody and/or access arrangements after separation. It was hypothesized that parental conflict and specific children's coping strategies (i.e., cognitive redefinition and social support seeking) would be important predictors of children's adjustment. Consistent with previous research, aggressive styles of resolving conflict between parents were related to more frequent and severe behavior problems and diminished competence among children. Conversely, greater flexibility in coping and greater use of cognitive coping strategies among children were related to decreased behavioral disturbance. The unique and combined influence of these variables is discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. (1983).The Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist and Revised Child Behavior Profile. New York: Queen City Printers Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asarnow, J. R., Carlson, G. A., & Guthrie, D. (1987). Coping strategies, self-perceptions, hopelessness, and perceived family environments in depressed and suicidal children.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 361–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Block, J. H., Block, J., & Gjerde, P. F. (1986). The personality of children prior to divorce: a prospective study.Child Development, 57, 827–840.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J. M., O'Keeffe, J., Sanders, S., & Baker, B. (1986). Developmental changes in children's cognition to stressful and painful situations.Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 11, 343–357,

    Google Scholar 

  • Brun, G. (1978). Conflicted parents: High and low vulnerability of children to divorce (pp. 243–250). In E. J. Anthony, C. Koupernik, and C. Chiland (Eds.),The child and his family: Vol. 4. Vulnerable children. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Camara, K., & Resnick, G. (1988). Interparental conflict and cooperation: Factors moderating children's post-divorce adjustment. In E. M. Hetherington & J. Arasteh (Eds.),Divorce, single-parent and step-parent families. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Compas, B. E. (1987). Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence.Psychological Bulletin, 101, 393–403.

    Google Scholar 

  • Compas, B. E., Malcarne, V. L., & Fondacaro, K. M. (1988). Coping with stressful events in older children and young adolescents.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 405–411.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curry, S., & Russ, S. (1985). Identifying coping strategies in children.Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 14, 61–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dadds, M., Sheffield, J., & Holbeck, J. (1990). An examination of the differential relationship of marital discord to parents discipline strategies for boys and girls.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 18, 121–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garmezy, N. (1985). Stress-resistant children: The search for protective factors. InJ. E. Stevenson (Ed.),Research in developmental psychopathology (pp. 213–233). Oxford: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garmezy, N., Masten, A. S. & Tellegen, A. (1984). The study of stress and competence in children: A building block for developmental psychopathology.Child Development, 55, 97–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grych, J., & Fincham, F. (1990). Marital conflict and children's adjustment: A cognitivecontextual framework.Psychological Bulletin, 108 (2), 267–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guidabaldi, J., & Perry, J. D. (1985). Divorce and mental health sequelae for children: A two-year follow-up of a nationwide sample.Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24 (5), 531–537.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harter, S. (1985).Manual for the Self-Perception Profile for Children (revision of the Perceived Competence Scale for Children). Denver, CO: University of Denver.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hauser, B. B. (1985). Custody in dispute: Legal and psychological profiles of contesting families.Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24, 575–583.

    Google Scholar 

  • Healey, J., Malley, J., & Stewart, A. (1990). Children and their fathers after parental separation.American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 60 (4), 531–543.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hershorn, M., & Rosenbaum, A. (1985). Children of marital violence: A closer look at the unintended victims.American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 55, 260–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess, R. D., & Camara, K. (1979). Post divorce family relationships as mediating factors in the consequences of divorce for children.Journal of Social Issues, 35, 79–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hetherington, E., Cox, M., & Cox, M. (1982). Effect of divorce on parents and children. In M. Lamb (Ed.),Nontraditional families. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollingshead, A. B. (1975).Four factor index of social position. New Haven: Yale University Department of Sociology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Irving, H., & Benjamin, M. (1987).Family mediation. Toronto: Carswell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacob, T., Grounds, L., & Haley, R. (1982). Correspondence between parents' reports on the Behavior Problem Checklist.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 10, 593–608.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobsen, D. S. (1978). The impact of marital separation/divorce on children: III. Parent-child communication and child adjustment and regression analysis of findings from overall study.Journal of Divorce, 212, 175–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, J. R., Campbell, L. E. G., & Mayes, S. S. (1985). Latency children in post-separation and divorce disputes.Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24, 563–574.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, J. R., Campbell, L. E. G., & Tall, M. C. (1985). Impasses to the resolution of custody and visitation disputes.American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 55, 112–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, J. R., Gonzalez, R., & Campbell, L. E. G. (1987). Ongoing post-divorce conflict and child disturbance.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 15, 493–509.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jouriles, E., Barling, J., & O'Leary, D. (1987). Predicting child behavior problems in maritally violent families.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 15, 165–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalter, N., Kloner, A., Schreier, S., & Okla, K. (1989). Predictors of children's postdivorce adjustment.American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 59, 605–618.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kline, M., Tschann, J., Johnston, J., & Wallerstein, J. (1989). Children's adjustment in joint and sole physical custody families.Developmental Psychology, 25, 430–438.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurdek, L. (1988). A 1-year follow-up of children's divorce adjustment, and post divorce parenting.Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 9, 315–328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R., & Folkman, S. (1984).Stress, appraisal and coping. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Long, N., Slater, E., Forehand, R., & Fauber, R. (1988). Continued high or reduced interparental conflict following divorce: Relation to young adolescent adjustment.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 467–469.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luepnitz, D. (1979). Which aspects of divorce affect children?Family Process, 28, 79–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, L., & Moriarty, A. (1976).Vulnerability, coping, and growth: From infancy to adolescence. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M. (1979). Protective factors in children's responses to stress and disadvantage. In M. W. Kent and J. E. Rolf (Eds.),Primary prevention of psychopathology (Vol. 3). Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M. (1983). Stress, coping and development: Some issues and some questions. In N. Garmezy & M. Rutter (Eds.),Stress, coping, and development in children. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, D., & Emery, R. (1987). Parental conflict and other correlates of the adjustment of school-age children whose parents have separated.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 15, 269–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stolberg, A. L., Camplair, C., Currier, K., & Wells, M. (1987). Individual, familial and environmental determinants of children's post-divorce adjustment and maladjustment.Journal of Divorce, 11 (1), 51–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straus, M. A. (1979). Measuring intrafamily conflict and violence: The Conflict Tactics (CT) Scales.Journal of Marriage and the Family, 41, 75–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tschann, J., Johnston, J., Kline, M., & Wallerstein, J. (1990). Conflict, loss, change, and parent-child relationships: Predicting children's adjustment during divorce.Journal of Divorce, 13 (4), 1–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallerstein, J., & Kelly, J. (1980).Surviving the breakup: How children and parents cope with divorce. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werner, E., & Smith, R. (1982).Vulnerable but invincible: A study of resilient children. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wertlieb, D., Weigel, M., & Feldstein, M. (1987). Measuring children's coping.American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, 548–560.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wills, T. A. (1986). Stress and coping in early adolescence: Relationships to substance use in urban school samples.Health Psychology, 5, 503–529.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe, D., Jaffe, P., Wilson, S., & Zak, L. (1985). Children of battered women: The relation of child behavior to family violence and maternal stress.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, 657–665.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

This research was supported in part through a grant from the LaMarsh Research Programme on Violence and Conflict Resolution, York University, Toronto, Ontario. The author acknowledges the help of Cathy Melville and Susan Dickens in the data analyses. In addition, the author thanks the staff and families at the Toronto and London, Ontario, Family Court clinics who participated in this project.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Radovanovic, H. Parental conflict and children's coping styles in litigating separated families: Relationships with children's adjustment. J Abnorm Child Psychol 21, 697–713 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00916451

Download citation

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00916451

Keywords

Navigation