Abstract
The expressed affect of clinically depressed and nondepressed mothers as measured by the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia: Lifetime Version (SADSL) and their children (1 1/2 to 3 1/2 years) was observed in seminatural situations. The objectives were to investigate how maternal depression enters into affective interactions between mother and child and how the affect patterns of mother and child are related. Fortynine unipolar and 24 bipolar depressed mothers and 45 nondepressed mothers were observed on 2 days, 2 weeks apart, for a total of 5 h. Each minute was coded for the predominant affect of mother and child. Affects relevant to depression (anxioussad, irritableangry, downcast, pleasant, tenderaffectionate) were coded. Depressed mothers expressed significantly more negative affect than did control mothers. Mothers' expressed affect and their selfreports of affect on days of observation were unrelated. Mother's and child's affects, measured on different days, were significantly correlated. Unipolar mothers and mothers severely depressed spent significantly more time in prolonged bouts of negative affect. There was significant synchrony between their bouts and the negative bouts of their daughters. Gender of child was related to mother's and child's affect, and to relations between mother's and child's affect.
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This work was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Transition from Infancy to Early Childhood. We owe many thanks to our colleagues: Leon Kuczynski for his ideas in the formative stages of the study; Judy Stilwell and Suzanne Denham for help in coding of affect; Anne Mayfield for interviewing mothers; Kathleen McCann, George Washington University, for advice on statistical analyses; and Rita Dettmers, Hattie Bingham, and Dorrit Greber for preparation of the manuscript.
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Radke-Yarrow, M., Nottelmann, E., Belmont, B. et al. Affective interactions of depressed and nondepressed mothers and their children. J Abnorm Child Psychol 21, 683–695 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00916450
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00916450