Abstract
The perception of an external stimulus is not just stimulus-dependent but is also influenced by the ongoing brain activity prior to the presentation of stimulus. In this work, we directly tested whether spontaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) signal in prestimulus period could predict perceptual outcome in face pareidolia (visualizing face in noise images) on a trial-by-trial basis using machine learning framework. Participants were presented with only noise images but with the prior information that some faces would be hidden in these images while their electrical brain activities were recorded; participants reported their perceptual decision, face or no-face, on each trial. Using features based on the Regularized Common Spatial Patterns (RCSP) in a machine learning classifier, we demonstrated that prestimulus brain activities could discriminate face and no-face perception with an accuracy of 73.15%. The channels corresponding to the maximal coefficients of spatial pattern vectors may be the channels most correlated with the task-specific sources, i.e., frontal and parieto-occipital regions activate for ‘face’ and ‘no-face’ imagery class, respectively. These findings suggest a mechanism of how prior expectations in the prestimulus period may affect post-stimulus decision-making.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Babiloni, C., Vecchio, F., Bultrini, A., Romani, G.L., Rossini, P.M.: Pre- and poststimulus alpha rhythms are related to conscious visual perception: a high-resolution EEG study. Cereb. Cortex 16(12), 1690–1700 (2006)
Bhushan, V., Saha, G., Lindsen, J., Shimojo, S., Bhattacharya, J.: How we choose one over another: predicting trial-by-trial preference decision. PloS One 7(8), e43351 (2012)
Bishop, C.M.: Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1995)
Blankertz, B., Tomioka, R., Lemm, S., Kawanabe, M., Muller, K.R.: Optimizing spatial filters for robust EEG single-trial analysis. IEEE Signal Process. Mag. 25(1), 41–56 (2008)
Bode, S., Sewell, D.K., Lilburn, S., Forte, J.D., Smith, P.L., Stahl, J.: Predicting perceptual decision biases from early brain activity. J. Neurosci. 32(36), 12488–12498 (2012)
Delorme, A., Makeig, S.: EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis. J. Neurosci. Methods 134(1), 9–21 (2004)
Fitts, A.: Review of the holy tortilla and a pot of beans. J. Caribb. Lit. 7(1), 197 (2011)
Guthrie, S.: Faces in the Clouds. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2015)
Haykin, S., Network, N.: A comprehensive foundation. Neural Netw. 2 (2004)
Hsieh, P.J., Colas, J., Kanwisher, N.: Pre-stimulus pattern of activity in the fusiform face area predicts face percepts during binocular rivalry. Neuropsychologia 50(4), 522–529 (2012)
Japkowicz, N., Stephen, S.: The class imbalance problem: a systematic study. Intell. Data Anal. 6(5), 429–449 (2002)
Kang, H., Nam, Y., Choi, S.: Composite common spatial pattern for subject-to-subject transfer. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 16(8), 683–686 (2009)
Kok, P., Brouwer, G.J., van Gerven, M.A., de Lange, F.P.: Prior expectations bias sensory representations in visual cortex. The J. Neurosci. 33(41), 16275–16284 (2013)
Koles, Z.J., Lazar, M.S., Zhou, S.Z.: Spatial patterns underlying population differences in the background EEG. Brain Topogr. 2(4), 275–284 (1990)
Kubat, M., Matwin, S., et al.: Addressing the curse of imbalanced training sets: one-sided selection. In: ICML. vol. 97, pp. 179–186. Nashville, USA (1997)
Linkenkaer Hansen, K., Nikulin, V.V., Palva, S., Ilmoniemi, R.J., Palva, J.M.: Prestimulus oscillations enhance psychophysical performance in humans. J. Neurosci. 24(45), 10186–10190 (2004)
Liu, J., Li, J., Feng, L., Li, L., Tian, J., Lee, K.: Seeing Jesus in toast: neural and behavioral correlates of face pareidolia. Cortex 53, 60–77 (2014)
Liu, Y., Chawla, N.V., Harper, M.P., Shriberg, E., Stolcke, A.: A study in machine learning from imbalanced data for sentence boundary detection in speech. Comput. Speech Lang. 20(4), 468–494 (2006)
Lotte, F., Guan, C.: Regularizing common spatial patterns to improve BCI designs: unified theory and new algorithms. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 58(2), 355–362 (2011)
Lu, H., Plataniotis, K.N., Venetsanopoulos, A.N.: Regularized common spatial patterns with generic learning for EEG signal classification. In: Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2009. EMBC 2009. Annual International Conference of the IEEE. pp. 6599–6602. IEEE (2009)
Mayer, A., Schwiedrzik, C.M., Wibral, M., Singer, W., Melloni, L.: Expecting to see a letter: alpha oscillations as carriers of top-down sensory predictions. Cereb. Cortex 26(7), 3146–3160 (2016)
Oostenveld, R., Fries, P., Maris, E., Schoffelen, J.M.: FieldTrip: open source software for advanced analysis of MEG, EEG, and invasive electrophysiological data. In: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2011 (2010)
Ramoser, H., Muller-Gerking, J., Pfurtscheller, G.: Optimal spatial filtering of single trial EEG during imagined hand movement. IEEE Trans. Rehabil. Eng. 8(4), 441–446 (2000)
Sadaghiani, S., Hesselmann, G., Friston, K.J., Kleinschmidt, A.: The relation of ongoing brain activity, evoked neural responses, and cognition. Front. Syst. Neurosci. 4, 20 (2010)
Schölvinck, M.L., Friston, K.J., Rees, G.: The influence of spontaneous activity on stimulus processing in primary visual cortex. Neuroimage 59(3), 2700–2708 (2012)
Summerfield, C., de Lange, F.P.: Expectation in perceptual decision making: neural and computational mechanisms. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 15(11), 745–756 (2014)
Von Stein, A., Sarnthein, J.: Different frequencies for different scales of cortical integration: from local gamma to long range alpha/theta synchronization. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 38(3), 301–313 (2000)
Wang, J., Plataniotis, K.N., Lu, J., Venetsanopoulos, A.N.: On solving the face recognition problem with one training sample per subject. Pattern Recognit. 39(9), 1746–1762 (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Barik, K., Jones, R., Bhattacharya, J., Saha, G. (2019). Investigating the Influence of Prior Expectation in Face Pareidolia using Spatial Pattern. In: Tanveer, M., Pachori, R. (eds) Machine Intelligence and Signal Analysis. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 748. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0923-6_38
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0923-6_38
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-0922-9
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-0923-6
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)