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Fragile X Syndrome and Targeted Treatment Trials

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Modeling Fragile X Syndrome

Part of the book series: Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation ((RESULTS,volume 54))

Abstract

Work in recent years has revealed an abundance of possible new treatment targets for fragile X syndrome (FXS). The use of animal models, including the fragile X knockout mouse which manifests a phenotype very similar to FXS in humans, has resulted in great strides in this direction of research. The lack of Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) in FXS causes dysregulation and usually overexpression of a number of its target genes, which can cause imbalances of neurotransmission and deficits in synaptic plasticity. The use of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) blockers and gamma amino-butyric acid (GABA) agonists have been shown to be efficacious in reversing cellular and behavioral phenotypes, and restoring proper brain connectivity in the mouse and fly models. Proposed new pharmacological treatments and educational interventions are discussed in this chapter. In combination, these various targeted treatments show promising preliminary results in mitigating or even reversing the neurobiological abnormalities caused by loss of FMRP, with possible translational applications to other neurodevelopmental disorders including autism.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) Grant MH082042 (JL) in addition to NIH grants HD036071 (RH), HD02274 (RH); DE019583, DA024854, AG032119 (RH), AG032115; National Center for Resources UL1RR024146; Health and Human Services Administration of Developmental Disabilities Grant 90DD05969.

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  1. Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA

    Randi Hagerman & Jacky Au

  2. Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA

    Julie Lauterborn

  3. Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, and Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

    Elizabeth Berry-Kravis

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  1. Randi Hagerman
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Correspondence to Randi Hagerman .

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  1. New York State Institute for Basic Resea, Forest Hill Road 1050, Staten Island, 10314, USA

    Robert B. Denman

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Hagerman, R., Lauterborn, J., Au, J., Berry-Kravis, E. (2012). Fragile X Syndrome and Targeted Treatment Trials. In: Denman, R. (eds) Modeling Fragile X Syndrome. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, vol 54. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21649-7_17

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