Mental Health, Religion, and Spirituality

Oman, Doug; Lukoff, David

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-73966-3_13

Doug Oman⁴ &
David Lukoff⁵

Part of the book series: Religion, Spirituality and Health: A Social Scientific Approach ((RELSPHE,volume 2))

2370 Accesses
18 Citations

Abstract

This chapter reviews theories and empirical evidence on relations between religion and spirituality (R/S), and mental health, a topic of increasing interest to public health.

Evidence supports associations of R/S with lower rates of depression, anxiety, suicide, dementia, and stress-related illness, and mixed relations with severe forms of mental illness such as schizophrenia and bipolar disease. In particular, R/S has shown small favorable correlations with less depression and anxiety, both in the US and in other countries and cultures, and in both adolescents and adults. These findings have been somewhat more consistently favorable for depression. Also both in the US and elsewhere, and among both adolescents and adults, R/S tends to be associated with lower levels of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and completed suicide. Regarding more severe forms of mental illness, R/S can interact with schizophrenia symptoms, functioning as either a risk factor or a protective factor. Many R/S-tailored treatments have been offered in healthcare settings, and their effectiveness for improving psychological outcomes has been supported by meta-analyses. Respectful attention to R/S factors has been increasingly integrated into US healthcare systems, especially in particular localities, but a great deal of work remains to be done. Meditation and mindfulness interventions exist in both spiritual and secular forms, and considerable evidence suggests their favorable effects on mental health outcomes in a variety of healthy and clinical populations.

This chapter is one of thirteen reviews in this volume providing a public health perspective on the empirical evidence relating R/S to physical and mental health.

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School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
Doug Oman
Department of Psychology, Sofia University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
David Lukoff

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Doug Oman
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David Lukoff
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Correspondence to Doug Oman .

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University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
Doug Oman

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Oman, D., Lukoff, D. (2018). Mental Health, Religion, and Spirituality. In: Oman, D. (eds) Why Religion and Spirituality Matter for Public Health. Religion, Spirituality and Health: A Social Scientific Approach, vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73966-3_13

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73966-3_13
Published: 09 May 2018
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-73965-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-73966-3
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

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