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Traumatic Stress in Overview: Definition, Context, Scope, and Long-Term Outcomes

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Book cover Traumatic Stress and Long-Term Recovery

Abstract

Trauma in the form of natural disasters, war, and other catastrophic events is ubiquitous. Exposure to traumatic events has been recognized as part of the human experience and has the potential to impact subsequent development across the life span, although individual responses to trauma vary widely. In this chapter, we discuss common sources of trauma and their long-term impacts from the perspective of conservation of resources (COR) theory. In brief, COR theory posits that traumatic stress is a dynamic psychological process that occurs in response to the rapid and often momentous loss of key valued resources. COR theory corollaries include the notions that loss is developmental and tends to occur in negative spirals, the impact of loss outweighs the positive impact of gain, and individuals with fewer reserves of resources are more sensitive to loss and gain (Hobfoll, Stress, culture, and community: The psychology and philosophy of stress, 2004). Common reactions to trauma such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are introduced with an emphasis on how reactions unfold over time. Moreover, these reactions interact with the broader social context to produce cycles of loss observed at the individual, community, and cultural levels.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison, St 950, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA

    James I. Gerhart PhD

  2. Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 W. Jackson Blvd, Suite 400, 60612, Chicago, IL, USA

    Stevan E. Hobfoll PhD

  3. School of Political Sciences, University of Haifa, Room 4021Terrace Bldg, Haifa, 31905, Israel

    Daphna Canetti PhD

Authors
  1. James I. Gerhart PhD
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  2. Daphna Canetti PhD
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  3. Stevan E. Hobfoll PhD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to James I. Gerhart PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Louisiana State University Dept. Psychology, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

    Katie E. Cherry

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Gerhart, J., Canetti, D., Hobfoll, S. (2015). Traumatic Stress in Overview: Definition, Context, Scope, and Long-Term Outcomes. In: Cherry, K. (eds) Traumatic Stress and Long-Term Recovery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18866-9_1

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