Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Perfectionism, Health, and Well-Being pp 157–176Cite as

Personal Standards and Self-Critical Perfectionism and Distress: Stress, Coping, and Perceived Social Support as Mediators and Moderators

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

This chapter examines the mediating and moderating roles of daily stress, coping, and perceived social support in the relation between self-critical (SC) and personal standards (PS) perfectionism dimensions and distress symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety) in hopes of addressing what might constitute more effective prevention and intervention efforts for highly perfectionistic individuals. First, we review several mediation studies that have tested theoretical models with stress, coping, and perceived social support as trait-like correlates of perfectionism that can explain how or why SC and PS dimensions are differentially associated with well-being outcomes. Second, we review several moderation studies that have examined certain types of stressors, appraisals, and coping strategies that determine when the relation between perfectionism dimensions and (mal)adjustment is maximized or minimized. Third, as stress has predominantly been assessed in previous studies using self-report measures, we examine emerging evidence that demonstrates the impact of perfectionism on physiological measures of stress (e.g., cortisol). Clinical implications of the extant findings are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • American Psychological Association. (2014). Stress in America: Are teens adopting adults’ stress habits? http://stressinamerica.org. Accessed 25 March 2014.

  • Ashby, J. S., Noble, C. L., & Gnilka, P. B. (2012). Multidimensional perfectionism, depression, and satisfaction with life: Differences among perfectionists and tests of a stress-mediation model. Journal of College Counseling, 15, 130–143. doi:10.1002/j.2161-1882.2012.00011.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bardone-Cone, A. M., Wonderlich, S. A., Frost, R. O., Bulik, C. M., Mitchell, J. E., Uppala, S., & Simonich, H. (2007). Perfectionism and eating disorders: Current status and future directions. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 384–405. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2006.12.005.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baumeister, R. F. (1990). Suicide as escape from self. Psychological Review, 97(1), 90–113.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blankstein, K. R., & Dunkley, D. M. (2002). Evaluative concerns, self-critical, and personal standards perfectionism, hassles, coping, social support, and distress: A structural equation modeling strategy. In G. L. Flett & P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 285–315). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Blatt, S. J. (1995). The destructiveness of perfectionism: Implications for the treatment of depression. American Psychologist, 50, 1003–1020. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.50.12.1003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blatt, S. J., & Zuroff, D. C. (1992). Interpersonal relatedness and self-definition: Two prototypes for depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 12, 527–562. doi: 10.1016/0272-7358(92)90070-o.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blatt, S. J., & Zuroff, D. C. (2005). Empirical evaluation of the assumptions in identifying evidence based treatments in mental health. Clinical Psychology Review, 25, 459–486. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.03.001.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blatt, S. J., D’Afflitti, J. P., & Quinlan, D. M. (1976). Experiences of depression in normal young adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 85, 383–389. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.85.4.383.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brand, E. F., Lakey, B., & Berman, S. (1995). A preventive, psychoeducational approach to increase perceived social support. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23, 117–135. doi:10.1007/BF02506925.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carver, C. S., & Connor-Smith, J. (2010). Personality and coping. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 679–704. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100352.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, E. C. (2000). Perfectionism as a predictor of positive and negative psychological outcomes: Examining a mediation model in younger and older adults. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, 18–26. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.47.1.18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, E. C. (2006). Perfectionism and dimensions of psychological well-being in a college student sample: A test of a stress-mediation model. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25, 1001–1022. doi:10.1521/jscp.2006.25.9.1001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, Y. (2012). The relationship between maladaptive perfectionism with burnout: Testing mediating effect of emotion-focused coping. Personality and Individual Differences, 53, 635–639. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2012.05.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, E. C., & Rand, K. L. (2000). Perfectionism as a predictor of subsequent adjustment: Evidence for a specific diathesis-stress mechanism among college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, 129–137. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.47.1.129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, E. C., Watkins, A., & Banks, K. H. (2004). How adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism relate to positive and negative psychological functioning: Testing a stress-mediation model in black and white female college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51, 93–102. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.51.1.93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S., Janicki-Deverts, D., & Miller, G. E. (2007). Psychological stress and disease. Journal of the American Medical Association, 298, 1685–1687. doi:10.1001/jama.298.14.1685.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corry, J., Green, M., Roberts, G., Frankland, A., Wright, A., Lau, P., Mitchell, P. B. (2013). Anxiety, stress and perfectionism in bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 151, 1016–1024. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.08.029.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dunkley, D. M., & Blankstein, K. R. (2000). Self-critical perfectionism, coping, hassles, and current distress: A structural equation modeling approach. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 24, 713–730. doi:10.1023/a:1005543529245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunkley, D. M., Blankstein, K. R., Halsall, J., Williams, M., & Winkworth, G. (2000). The relation between perfectionism and distress: Hassles, coping, and perceived social support as mediators and moderators. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, 437–453. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.47.4.437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunkley, D. M., Zuroff, D. C., & Blankstein, K. R. (2003). Self-critical perfectionism and daily affect: Dispositional and situational influences on stress and coping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 234–252. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.234.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dunkley, D. M., Blankstein, K. R., Masheb, R. M., & Grilo, C. M. (2006). Personal standards and evaluative concerns dimensions of “clinical” perfectionism: A reply to Shafran et al. (2002, 2003) and Hewitt et al. (2003). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 63–84. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.12.004.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dunkley, D. M., Sanislow, C. A., Grilo, C. M., & McGlashan, T. H. (2006). Perfectionism and depressive symptoms 3 years later: Negative social interactions, avoidant coping, and perceived social support as mediators. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 47, 106–115. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2005.06.003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dunkley, D. M., Sanislow, C. A., Grilo, C. M., & McGlashan, T. H. (2009). Self-criticism versus neuroticism in predicting depression and psychosocial impairment for 4 years in a clinical sample. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 50, 335–346. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.09.004.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dunkley, D. M., Ma, D., Lee, I. A., Preacher, K. J., & Zuroff, D. C. (2014). Advancing complex explanatory conceptualizations of daily negative and positive affect: Trigger and maintenance coping action patterns. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 61, 93–109. doi: 10.1037/a0034673.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dunkley, D. M., Mandel, T., & Ma, D. (2014). Perfectionism, neuroticism, and daily stress reactivity and coping effectiveness 6 months and 3 years later. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 61, 616–633. doi:10.1037/cou0000036.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, J. C., Whelton, W. J., & Sharpe, D. (2006). Maladaptive perfectionism, hassles, coping, and psychological distress in university professors. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 511–523. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.53.4.511.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Egan, S. J., Wade, T. D., & Shafran, R. (2011). Perfectionism as a transdiagnostic process: A clinical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 203–212. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.04.009.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, J. G., Gehrman, P., Espie, C. A., Riemann, D., & Perlis, M. L. (2012). Acute insomnia: Current conceptualizations and future directions. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 16, 5–14. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2011.02.002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Enns, M. W., & Cox, B. J. (2005). Perfectionism, stressful life events, and the 1-year outcome of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 541–553. doi:10.1007/s10608-005-2414-8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Enns, M. W., Cox, B. J., & Clara, I. P. (2005). Perfectionism and neuroticism: A longitudinal study of specific vulnerability and diathesis-stress models. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 463–478. doi:10.1007/s10608-005-2843-04.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2002a). Perfectionism and maladjustment: An overview of theoretical, definitional, and treatment issues. In G. L. Flett & P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 5–31): Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (Eds.). (2002b). Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., Blankstein, K. R., & Mosher, S. (1995). Perfectionism, life events, and depressive symptoms: A test of a diathesis-stress model. Current Psychology, 14, 112–137. doi:10.1007/bf02686885.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., Blankstein, K. R., Solnik, M., & Van Brunschot, M. (1996). Perfectionism, social problem-solving ability, and psychological distress. Journal of Rational—Emotive and Cognitive—Behavior Therapy, 14, 245–274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., Garshowitz, M., & Martin, T. R. (1997). Personality, negative social interactions, and depressive symptoms. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 29, 28–37. doi:10.1037/0008-400x.29.1.28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., Oliver, J. M., & Macdonald, S. M. (2002). Perfectionism in children and their parents: A developmental analysis. In G. L. Flett & P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 89–132). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., & Rosenblate, R. (1990). The dimensions of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 449–468. doi:10.1007/bf01172967.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fry, P. S., & Debats, D. L. (2009). Perfectionism and the five-factor personality traits as predictors of mortality in older adults. Journal of Health Psychology, 14, 513–524. doi:10.1177/1359105309103571.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gnilka, P. B., Ashby, J. S., & Noble, C. M. (2012). Multidimensional perfectionism and anxiety: Differences among individuals with perfectionism and tests of a coping-mediation model. Journal of Counseling and Development, 90(4), 427–436. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.2012.00054.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamachek, D. E. (1978). Psychodynamics of normal and neurotic perfectionism. Psychology, 15, 27–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammen, C. (2005). Stress and depression. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 293–319. doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143938.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herman, J. P. (2012). Neural pathways of stress integration relevance to alcohol abuse. Alcohol Research: Current Reviews, 34, 441–447.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: Conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 456–470. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.3.456.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1993). Dimensions of perfectionism, daily stress, and depression: A test of the specific vulnerability hypothesis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 58–65. doi:10.1037/0021-843x.102.1.58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (2002). Perfectionism and stress processes in psychopathology. In G. L. Flett & P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 255–284): Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., & Endler, N. S. (1995). Perfectionism, coping, and depression symptomatology in a clinical sample. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 2, 47–58. doi:10.1002/cpp.5640020105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., & Ediger, E. (1996). Perfectionism and depression: Longitudinal assessment of a specific vulnerability hypothesis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 276–280. doi:10.1037/0021-843x.105.2.276.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hewitt, P. L., Caelian, C. F., Chen, C., & Flett, G. L. (2014). Perfectionism, stress, daily hassles, hopelessness, and suicide potential in depressed psychiatric adolescents. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. doi:10.1007/s10862-014-9427-0.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, A. P., Hall, H. K., & Appleton, P. R. (2010). Perfectionism and athlete burnout in junior elite athletes: The mediating role of coping tendencies. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 23, 415–430. doi:10.1080/10615800903330966.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kannan, D., & Levitt, H. M. (2013). A review of client self-criticism in psychotherapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 23, 166–178. doi:10.1037/a0032355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kassel, J. D., Stroud, L. R., & Paronis, C. A. (2003). Smoking, stress, and negative affect: Correlation, causation, and context across stages of smoking. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 270–304. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.2.270.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, A. C., & Zuroff, D. C. (2013). Treating perfectionism. In L. Grossman & S. Walfish (Eds.), Translating psychological research into practice (pp. 265–270). New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirschbaum, C., Pirke, K. M., & Hellhammer, D. H. (1993). The ‘Trier social stress test’—A tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting. Neuropsychobiology, 28, 76–81. doi:10.1159/000119004.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuyken, W., Padesky, C. A., & Dudley, R. (2009). Collaborative case conceptualization: Working effectively with clients in cognitive-behavioral therapy. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynd-Stevenson, R. M., & Hearne, C. M. (1999). Perfectionism and depressive affect: The pros and cons of being a perfectionist. Personality and Individual Differences, 26, 549–562. doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00170-6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marin, M. F., Lord, C., Andrews, J., Juster, R. P., Sindi, S., Arsenault-Lapierre, G., Lupien, S. J. (2011). Chronic stress, cognitive functioning and mental health. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 96, 583–595. doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2011.02.016.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McClelland, G. H., & Judd, C. M. (1993). Statistical difficulties of detecting interactions and moderator effects. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 376–390.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGirr, A., & Turecki, G. (2009). Self-critical perfectionism is associated with increases in sympathetic indicators in a controlled laboratory stress paradigm. Psychosomatic Medicine, 71, 588. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181a99b64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Molnar, D. S., Flett, G. L., Sadava, S. W., & Colautti, J. (2012). Perfectionism and health functioning in women with fibromyalgia. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 73, 295–300. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.08.001.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Molnar, D. S., Sadava, S. W., Flett, G. L., & Colautti, J. (2012). Perfectionism and health: A mediational analysis of the roles of stress, social support and health-related behaviours. Psychology and Health, 27, 846–864. doi:10.1080/08870446.2011.630466.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murayama, K., Pekrun, R., & Fiedler, K. (2014). Research practices that can prevent an inflation of false-positive rates. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 18, 107–118. doi:10.1177/1088868313496330.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Noble, C. L., Ashby, J. S., & Gnilka, P. B. (2014). Multidimensional perfectionism, coping, and depression: Differential prediction of depression symptoms by perfectionism type. Journal of College Counseling, 17, 80–94. doi:10.1002/j.2161-1882.2014.00049.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor, R. C., & O’Connor, D. B. (2003). Predicting hopelessness and psychological distress: The role of perfectionism and coping. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50, 362–372. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.50.3.362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor, R. C., Rasmussen, S., & Hawton, K. (2010). Predicting depression, anxiety and self-harm in adolescents: The role of perfectionism and acute life stress. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 52–59. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.09.008.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rice, K. G., Leever, B. A., Christopher, J., & Porter, J. D. (2006). Perfectionism, stress, and social (dis)connection: A short-term study of hopelessness, depression, and academic adjustment among honors students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 524–534. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.53.4.524.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, C. M. E., Rice, K. G., & Devine, D. P. (2014). Perfectionism, emotion regulation, and the cortisol stress response. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 61, 110–118. doi:10.1037/a0034446.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shafran, R., & Mansell, W. (2001). Perfectionism and psychopathology: A review of research and treatment. Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 879–906. doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(00)00072-6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shafran, R., Cooper, Z., & Fairburn, C. G. (2002). Clinical perfectionism: A cognitive-behavioural analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 773–791. doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00059-6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shahar, G., & Priel, B. (2003). Active vulnerability, adolescent distress, and the mediating/suppressing role of life events. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 199–218. doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00185-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherry, S. B., Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (2003). Perfectionism dimensions, perfectionistic attitudes, dependent attitudes, and depression in psychiatric patients and university students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50, 373–386. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.50.3.373.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherry, S. B., Law, A., Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., & Besser, A. (2008). Social support as a mediator of the relationship between perfectionism and depression: A preliminary test of the social disconnection model. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 339–344. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.05.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherry, S. B., Mackinnon, S. P., Macneil, M. A., & Fitzpatrick, S. (2013). Discrepancies confer vulnerability to depressive symptoms: A three-wave longitudinal study. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60, 112–126. doi:10.1037/a0030439.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, E. A., Edge, K., Altman, J., & Sherwood, H. (2003). Searching for the structure of coping: A review and critique of category systems for classifying ways of coping. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 216–269. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.2.216.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Slaney, R. B., Rice, K. G., Mobley, M., Trippi, J., & Ashby, J. S. (2001). The revised almost perfect scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 34, 130–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoeber, J., & Janssen, D. P. (2011). Perfectionism and coping with daily failures: Positive reframing helps achieve satisfaction at the end of the day. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 24, 477–497. doi:10.1080/10615806.2011.562977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stoeber, J., & Otto, K. (2006). Positive conceptions of perfectionism: Approaches, evidence, challenges. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 295–319. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr1004_2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sturman, E. D., Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., & Rudolph, S. G. (2009). Dimensions of perfectionism and self-worth contingencies in depression. Journal of Rational—Emotive and Cognitive—Behavior Therapy, 27, 213–231. doi:10.1007/s10942-007-0079-9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, B. A., & Carton, J. S. (2012). Avoidant coping: A mediator of maladaptive perfectionism and test anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 632–636. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.12.009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weissman, A. N., & Beck, A. T. (1978). Development and validation of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale: A preliminary investigation. Paper presented at the 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wirtz, P. H., Elsenbruch, S., Emini, L., Rüdisüli, K., Groessbauer, S., & Ehlert, U. (2007). Perfectionism and the cortisol response to psychosocial stress in men. Psychosomatic Medicine, 69, 249–255. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e318042589e.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2003). Schema therapy: A practitioner’s guide. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, X., Zhu, H., Zhang, B., & Cai, T. (2013). Perceived social support as moderator of perfectionism, depression, and anxiety in college students. Social Behavior and Personality, 41, 1141–1152. doi:10.2224/sbp.2013.41.7.1141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zureck, E., Altstötter-Gleich, C., Wolf, O. T., & Brand, M. (2014). It depends: Perfectionism as a moderator of experimentally induced stress. Personality and Individual Differences, 63, 30–35. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.038.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zuroff, D. C., Mongrain, M., & Santor, D. A. (2004). Conceptualizing and measuring personality vulnerability to depression: Comment on Coyne and Whiffen (1995). Psychological Bulletin, 130, 489–511. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.489.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Community and Family Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, 4333 Cote Ste. Catherine Road, H3T 1E4, Montreal, QC, Canada

    David M. Dunkley PhD

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Lady Davis Institute—Jewish General Hospital, 4333 Cote Ste. Catherine Road, H3T 1E4, Montreal, QC, Canada

    David M. Dunkley PhD, Shauna Solomon-Krakus & Molly Moroz

  3. Departments of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, H3A 1A1, Montreal, QC, Canada

    David M. Dunkley PhD & Shauna Solomon-Krakus

  4. Department of Psychology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, H3A 1B1, Montreal, QC, Canada

    David M. Dunkley PhD & Molly Moroz

Authors
  1. David M. Dunkley PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shauna Solomon-Krakus
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Molly Moroz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David M. Dunkley PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

    Fuschia M. Sirois

  2. University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Research Institute on Addictions, Buffalo, New York, USA

    Danielle S. Molnar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dunkley, D., Solomon-Krakus, S., Moroz, M. (2016). Personal Standards and Self-Critical Perfectionism and Distress: Stress, Coping, and Perceived Social Support as Mediators and Moderators. In: Sirois, F., Molnar, D. (eds) Perfectionism, Health, and Well-Being. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18582-8_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation