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Autism and Anxiety: Etiologic Factors and Transdiagnostic Processes

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Book cover Handbook of Autism and Anxiety

Part of the book series: Autism and Child Psychopathology Series ((ACPS))

Abstract

This chapter reviews research on several specific and transdiagnostic factors implicated in the etiology of anxiety in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). First, cognitive and behavioral processes are considered, including (1) the intersection between the diagnostic characteristics associated with ASD (e.g., poor social skills, sensitivity to change, and sensory processing differences) and anxiety symptoms and (2) transdiagnostic processes that play a role in anxiety in non-ASD populations and may contribute to anxiety in ASD as well (e.g., emotion regulation deficits). The remainder of the chapter is focused on neurobiological factors, with an emphasis on abnormal amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC) function. This research is at a point where there are several plausible hypotheses regarding mechanisms that may contribute to the development of anxiety in ASD, including some that are shared with other populations. However, given the limited research to date, little can be stated conclusively. Key questions for future research are raised, including the need to probe the direction of effects (importance of longitudinal studies), questions regarding heterogeneity (e.g., why resistance to change is associated with anxiety in some but not all individuals with ASD), and how the occurrence of both social avoidance and anxiety in ASD may require revision or integration of competing theories of amygdala function. While transdiagnostic processes are evident in the etiology of anxiety in ASD at both the cognitive and neural level, existing theories in the anxiety literature may need to be modified to explain the development of anxiety within the context of ASD.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Psychiatry Department, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Webster Hall, Suite 300, 3811 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA

    Carla A. Mazefsky Ph.D.

  2. Center for Autism Research, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    John Herrington

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  1. Carla A. Mazefsky Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Carla A. Mazefsky Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Louisiana State University Department of Psychology, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

    Thompson E. Davis III

  2. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA

    Susan W. White

  3. Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech Child Study Center, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA

    Thomas H. Ollendick

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Mazefsky, C., Herrington, J. (2014). Autism and Anxiety: Etiologic Factors and Transdiagnostic Processes. In: Davis III, T., White, S., Ollendick, T. (eds) Handbook of Autism and Anxiety. Autism and Child Psychopathology Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06796-4_7

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