Skip to main content

Prenatal Stress and Children’s Sleeping Behavior

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Prenatal Stress and Child Development

Abstract

Sleep is a necessary function of life and plays a key role in development. This chapter will discuss the association between prenatal stress and children’s sleeping behaviors. First, a description of the development of sleep-wake patterns in infancy will be provided. Second, an overview of the literature on the link between prenatal stress and sleep-wake behaviors will be presented from a developmental perspective. Then, key confounding variables that influence the association between prenatal stress and children’s sleep will be discussed. A few of the proposed mechanisms that could explain the relationship between prenatal stress and child sleep outcomes will also be reviewed. Lastly, clinical interventions targeting maternal stress and infant sleep will be discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Achermann, P., & Borbély, A. A. (2017). Sleep homeostasis and models of sleep regulation. In M. H. Kryger, T. Roth, & W. C. Dement (Eds.), Principles and practices of sleep medicine (pp. 377–387). Philadelphia: Elsevier.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Adams, L. A., & Rickert, V. I. (1989). Reducing bedtime tantrums: Comparison between positive routines and graduated extinction. Pediatrics, 84(5), 756–761.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anders, T. F., & Sostek, A. M. (1976). The use of time lapse video recording of sleep-wake behavior in human infants. Psychophysiology, 13(2), 155–158. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1976.tb00092.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anders, T., Emde, R., & Parmelee, A. (1971). A manual of standardized terminology, techniques and criteria for scoring of states of sleep and wakefulness in newborn infants. UCLA Brain Information Service. Los Angeles.

    Google Scholar 

  • Armitage, R., Flynn, H., Hoffmann, R., Vazquez, D., Lopez, J., & Marcus, S. (2009). Early developmental changes in sleep in infants: The impact of maternal depression. Sleep, 32(5), 693–696. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/32.5.693.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Austin, M. P., Frilingos, M., Lumley, J., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D., Roncolato, W., Acland, S., et al. (2008). Brief antenatal cognitive behaviour therapy group intervention for the prevention of postnatal depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 105(1-3), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2007.04.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baird, J., Hill, C. M., Kendrick, T., & Inskip, H. M. (2009). Infant sleep disturbance is associated with preconceptional psychological distress: Findings from the Southampton Women’s Survey. Sleep, 32(4), 566–568. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/32.4.566.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barclay, N. L., & Gregory, A. M. (2013). Quantitative genetic research on sleep: A review of normal sleep, sleep disturbances and associated emotional, behavioural, and health-related difficulties. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 17(1), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2012.01.008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barclay, N. L., Eley, T. C., Buysse, D. J., Rijsdijk, F. V., & Gregory, A. M. (2010). Genetic and environmental influences on different components of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and their overlap. Sleep, 33(5), 659–668. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/33.5.659.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bastien, C. H., & Morin, C. M. (2000). Familial incidence of insomnia. Journal of Sleep Research, 9(1), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2869.2000.00182.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bayer, J. K., Hiscock, H., Hampton, A., & Wake, M. (2007). Sleep problems in young infants and maternal mental and physical health. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 43(1-2), 66–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2007.01005.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, M., Weinberger, T., Chandy, A., & Schmukler, S. (2016). Depression during pregnancy and postpartum. Current Psychiatry Reports, 18(3), 32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-016-0664-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beijers, R., Jansen, J., Riksen-Walraven, M., & de Weerth, C. (2011). Attachment and infant night waking: A longitudinal study from birth through the first year of life. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 32(9), 635–643. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0b013e318228888d.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belanger, M. E., Bernier, A., Paquet, J., Simard, V., & Carrier, J. (2013). Validating actigraphy as a measure of sleep for preschool children. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 9(7), 701–706. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.2844.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belanger, M. E., Bernier, A., Simard, V., Bordeleau, S., & Carrier, J. (2015). Viii. Attachment and sleep among toddlers: disentangling attachment security and dependency. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 80(1), 125–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennet, L., Fyfe, K. L., Yiallourou, S. R., Merk, H., Wong, F. Y., & Horne, R. S. (2016). Discrimination of sleep states using continuous cerebral bedside monitoring (amplitude-integrated electroencephalography) compared to polysomnography in infants. Acta Paediatrica, 105(12), e582–e587. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernier, A., Belanger, M. E., Tarabulsy, G. M., Simard, V., & Carrier, J. (2014). My mother is sensitive, but I am too tired to know: infant sleep as a moderator of prospective relations between maternal sensitivity and infant outcomes. Infant Behavior & Development, 37(4), 682–694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2014.08.011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blunden, S. L., Thompson, K. R., & Dawson, D. (2011). Behavioural sleep treatments and night time crying in infants: Challenging the status quo. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 15(5), 327–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2010.11.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonnet, M. H., & Arand, D. L. (2010). Hyperarousal and insomnia: State of the science. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 14(1), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2009.05.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bordeleau, S., Bernier, A., & Carrier, J. (2012). Longitudinal associations between the quality of parent-child interactions and children’s sleep at preschool age. Journal of Family Psychology, 26(2), 254–262. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027366.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Byars, K. C., Yolton, K., Rausch, J., Lanphear, B., & Beebe, D. W. (2012). Prevalence, patterns, and persistence of sleep problems in the first 3 years of life. Pediatrics, 129(2), e276–e284. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-0372.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camerota, M., Tully, K. P., Grimes, M., Gueron-Sela, N., & Propper, C. B. (2018). Assessment of infant sleep: How well do multiple methods compare? Sleep, 41(10). https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy146.

  • Capron, L. E., Glover, V., Pearson, R. M., Evans, J., O’Connor, T. G., Stein, A., … Ramchandani, P. G. (2015). Associations of maternal and paternal antenatal mood with offspring anxiety disorder at age 18 years. Journal of Affective Disorders, 187, 20-26. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carskadon, M. A., & Dement, W. C. (2017). Normal human sleep: An overview. In M. Kryger, T. Roth, & W. C. Dement (Eds.), Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine (6th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Champagne, F., & Meaney, M. J. (2001). Like mother, like daughter: Evidence for non-genomic transmission of parental behavior and stress responsivity. In V. Walsh (Ed.), Progress in brain research (Vol. 133, pp. 287–302). Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chorney, D. B., Detweiler, M. F., Morris, T. L., & Kuhn, B. R. (2008). The interplay of sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depression in children. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 33(4), 339–348. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsm105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coons, S., & Guilleminault, C. (1982). Development of sleep-wake patterns and non-rapid eye movement sleep stages during the first six months of life in normal infants. Pediatrics, 69(6), 793–798.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dauvilliers, Y., Morin, C., Cervena, K., Carlander, B., Touchon, J., Besset, A., & Billiard, M. (2005). Family studies in insomnia. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 58(3), 271–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, E. P., & Sandman, C. A. (2010). The timing of prenatal exposure to maternal cortisol and psychosocial stress is associated with human infant cognitive development. Child Development, 81(1), 131–148. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01385.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deboer, T. (2018). Sleep homeostasis and the circadian clock: Do the circadian pacemaker and the sleep homeostat influence each other’s functioning? Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms, 5, 68–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbscr.2018.02.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delemere, E., & Dounavi, K. (2018). Parent-implemented bedtime fading and positive routines for children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(4), 1002–1019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3398-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dennis, C. L., & Dowswell, T. (2013). Interventions (other than pharmacological, psychosocial or psychological) for treating antenatal depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev(7), Cd006795. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006795.pub3

  • Diego, M. A., Field, T., & Hernandez-Reif, M. (2005). Prepartum, postpartum and chronic depression effects on neonatal behavior. Infant Behavior & Development, 28(2), 155–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dieter, J. N., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Jones, N. A., Lecanuet, J. P., Salman, F. A., & Redzepi, M. (2001). Maternal depression and increased fetal activity. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 21(5), 468–473. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443610120072009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dimidjian, S., & Goodman, S. H. (2014). Preferences and attitudes toward approaches to depression relapse/recurrence prevention among pregnant women. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 54, 7–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2013.11.008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dimidjian, S., Goodman, S. H., Felder, J. N., Gallop, R., Brown, A. P., & Beck, A. (2015). An open trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for the prevention of perinatal depressive relapse/recurrence. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 18(1), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-014-0468-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dørheim, S. K., Bjorvatn, B., & Eberhard-Gran, M. (2012). Insomnia and depressive symptoms in late pregnancy: A population-based study. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 10(3), 152–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/15402002.2012.660588.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, P. S., & Hill, P. S. (2013). Behavioral sleep interventions in the first six months of life do not improve outcomes for mothers or infants: A systematic review. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 34(7), 497–507. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0b013e31829cafa6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drake, C., Richardson, G., Roehrs, T., Scofield, H., & Roth, T. (2004). Vulnerability to stress-related sleep disturbance and hyperarousal. Sleep, 27(2), 285–291. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/27.2.285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drake, C. L., Scofield, H., & Roth, T. (2008). Vulnerability to insomnia: The role of familial aggregation. Sleep Medicine, 9(3), 297–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2007.04.012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dubber, S., Reck, C., Müller, M., & Gawlik, S. (2015). Postpartum bonding: The role of perinatal depression, anxiety and maternal-fetal bonding during pregnancy. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 18(2), 187–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-014-0445-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dubois-Comtois, K., Pennestri, M. H., Bernier, A., Cyr, C., & Godbout, R. (2019). Family environment and preschoolers’ sleep: The complementary role of both parents. Sleep Medicine, 58, 114–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2019.03.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dugovic, C., Maccari, S., Weibel, L., Turek, F. W., & Van Reeth, O. (1999). High corticosterone levels in prenatally stressed rats predict persistent paradoxical sleep alterations. The Journal of Neuroscience, 19(19), 8656–8664.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durand, V. M., & Mindell, J. A. (1990). Behavioral treatment of multiple childhood sleep disorders. Effects on child and family. Behavior Modification, 14(1), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/01454455900141003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ednick, M., Cohen, A. P., McPhail, G. L., Beebe, D., Simakajornboon, N., & Amin, R. S. (2009). A review of the effects of sleep during the first year of life on cognitive, psychomotor, and temperament development. Sleep, 32(11), 1449–1458. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/32.11.1449.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, B., Galletly, C., Semmler-Booth, T., & Dekker, G. (2008). Does antenatal screening for psychosocial risk factors predict postnatal depression? A follow-up study of 154 women in Adelaide, South Australia. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 42(1), 51–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670701739629.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Etherton, H., Blunden, S., & Hauck, Y. (2016). Discussion of extinction-based behavioral sleep interventions for young children and reasons why parents may find them difficult. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 12(11), 1535–1543. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.6284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Field, T., Diego, M., Hernandez-Reif, M., Salman, F., Schanberg, S., Kuhn, C., et al. (2002). Prenatal anger effects on the fetus and neonate. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 22(3), 260–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443610220130526.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Field, T., Diego, M., Hernandez-Reif, M., Schanberg, S., Kuhn, C., Yando, R., & Bendell, D. (2003). Pregnancy anxiety and comorbid depression and anger: Effects on the fetus and neonate. Depression and Anxiety, 17(3), 140–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Field, T., Diego, M., Dieter, J., Hernandez-Reif, M., Schanberg, S., Kuhn, C., et al. (2004a). Prenatal depression effects on the fetus and the newborn. Infant Behavior & Development, 27(2), 216–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Field, T., Diego, M. A., Hernandez-Reif, M., Schanberg, S., & Kuhn, C. (2004b). Massage therapy effects on depressed pregnant women. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 25(2), 115–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/01674820412331282231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Field, T., Diego, M., Hernandez-Reif, M., Figueiredo, B., Schanberg, S., & Kuhn, C. (2007). Sleep disturbances in depressed pregnant women and their newborns. Infant Behavior & Development, 30(1), 127–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Field, T., Deeds, O., Diego, M., Hernandez-Reif, M., Gauler, A., Sullivan, S., et al. (2009). Benefits of combining massage therapy with group interpersonal psychotherapy in prenatally depressed women. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 13(4), 297–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2008.10.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freed, G. L., Clark, S. J., Lohr, J. A., & Sorenson, J. R. (1995a). Pediatrician involvement in breast-feeding promotion: A national study of residents and practitioners. Pediatrics, 96(3) Pt 1, 490–494.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freed, G. L., Clark, S. J., Sorenson, J., Lohr, J. A., Cefalo, R., & Curtis, P. (1995b). National assessment of physicians’ breast-feeding knowledge, attitudes, training, and experience. JAMA, 273(6), 472–476. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1995.03520300046035.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, M. P., Davis, M., Sinha, P., Wisner, K. L., Hibbeln, J. R., & Gelenberg, A. J. (2008). Omega-3 fatty acids and supportive psychotherapy for perinatal depression: A randomized placebo-controlled study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 110(1-2), 142–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2007.12.228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galbally, M., Watson, S. J., Teti, D., & Lewis, A. J. (2018). Perinatal maternal depression, antidepressant use and infant sleep outcomes: Exploring cross-lagged associations in a pregnancy cohort study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 238, 218–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gaylor, E. E., Goodlin-Jones, B. L., & Anders, T. F. (2001). Classification of young children’s sleep problems: A pilot study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(1), 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200101000-00017.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gaylor, E. E., Burnham, M. M., Goodlin-Jones, B. L., & Anders, T. F. (2005). A longitudinal follow-up study of young children’s sleep patterns using a developmental classification system. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 3(1), 44–61. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15402010bsm0301_6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gerardin, P., Wendland, J., Bodeau, N., Galin, A., Bialobos, S., Tordjman, S., et al. (2011). Depression during pregnancy: is the developmental impact earlier in boys? A prospective case-control study. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 72(3), 378–387. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.09m05724blu.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Germo, G. R., Goldberg, W. A., & Keller, M. A. (2009). Learning to sleep through the night: Solution or strain for mothers and young children? Infant Mental Health Journal, 30(3), 223–244. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.20212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gluckman, P., & Hanson, M. (2004a). Echoes of the past: Evolution, development, health and disease. Discovery Medicine, 4(24), 401–407.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gluckman, P. D., & Hanson, M. A. (2004b). Living with the past: Evolution, development, and patterns of disease. Science, 305(5691), 1733–1736. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1095292.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, J. H. (2009). Women’s attitudes, preferences, and perceived barriers to treatment for perinatal depression. Birth, 36(1), 60–69. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-536X.2008.00296.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, S. H., & Gotlib, I. H. (1999). Risk for psychopathology in the children of depressed mothers: A developmental model for understanding mechanisms of transmission. Psychological Review, 106(3), 458–490. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.106.3.458.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gradisar, M., Jackson, K., Spurrier, N. J., Gibson, J., Whitham, J., Williams, A. S., et al. (2016). Behavioral interventions for infant sleep problems: A randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics, 137(6). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-1486.

  • Grizenko, N., Fortier, M. E., Zadorozny, C., Thakur, G., Schmitz, N., Duval, R., & Joober, R. (2012). Maternal stress during pregnancy, ADHD symptomatology in children and genotype: Gene-environment interaction. Journal of Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 21(1), 9–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gruber, R. (2014). ADHD, anxiety and sleep: A window to understanding the interplay between sleep, emotional regulation and attention in children? Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 12(1), 84–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/15402002.2014.862089.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, W. A., Hutton, E., Brant, R. F., Collet, J. P., Gregg, K., Saunders, R., et al. (2015). A randomized controlled trial of an intervention for infants’ behavioral sleep problems. BMC Pediatrics, 15, 181. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-015-0492-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayley, A. C., Skogen, J. C., Sivertsen, B., Wold, B., Berk, M., Pasco, J. A., & Øverland, S. (2015). Symptoms of depression and difficulty initiating sleep from early adolescence to early adulthood: A longitudinal study. Sleep, 38(10), 1599–1606. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.5056.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heath, A. C., Kendler, K. S., Eaves, L. J., & Martin, N. G. (1990). Evidence for genetic influences on sleep disturbance and sleep pattern in twins. Sleep, 13(4), 318–335. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/13.4.318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, J. M., France, K. G., Owens, J. L., & Blampied, N. M. (2010). Sleeping through the night: the consolidation of self-regulated sleep across the first year of life. Pediatrics, 126(5), e1081–e1087. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-0976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, J. M., France, K. G., & Blampied, N. M. (2011). The consolidation of infants’ nocturnal sleep across the first year of life. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 15(4), 211–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2010.08.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirshkowitz, M., Whiton, K., Albert, S. M., Alessi, C., Bruni, O., DonCarlos, L., et al. (2015). National Sleep Foundation’s sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary. Sleep Health, 1(1), 40–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hiscock, H., & Wake, M. (2001). Infant sleep problems and postnatal depression: A community-based study. Pediatrics, 107(6), 1317–1322. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.107.6.1317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hiscock, H., & Wake, M. (2002). Randomised controlled trial of behavioural infant sleep intervention to improve infant sleep and maternal mood. BMJ [British Medical Journal], 324(7345), 1062–1065.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiscock, H., Bayer, J., Gold, L., Hampton, A., Ukoumunne, O. C., & Wake, M. (2007). Improving infant sleep and maternal mental health: A cluster randomised trial. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 92(11), 952–958. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2006.099812.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hiscock, H., Cook, F., Bayer, J., Le, H. N., Mensah, F., Cann, W., et al. (2014). Preventing early infant sleep and crying problems and postnatal depression: A randomized trial. Pediatrics, 133(2), e346–e354. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-1886.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoppenbrouwers, T., Hodgman, J., Arakawa, K., Geidel, S. A., & Sterman, M. B. (1988). Sleep and waking states in infancy: Normative studies. Sleep, 11(4), 387–401. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/11.4.387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jenni, O. G., & O’Connor, B. B. (2005). Children’s sleep: An interplay between culture and biology. Pediatrics, 115(1 Suppl), 204–216. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-0815B.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser, S., & Sachser, N. (2009). Effects of prenatal social stress on offspring development: Pathology or adaptation? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(2), 118–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karraker, K. H., & Young, M. (2007). Night waking in 6-month-old infants and maternal depressive symptoms. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 28(5-6), 493–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2007.06.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keener, M. A., Zeanah, C. H., & Anders, T. F. (1988). Infant temperament, sleep organization, and nighttime parental interventions. Pediatrics, 81(6), 762–771.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, L. S., Rangel, E., Simpson, N., Tikotzky, L., & Manber, R. (2020). Mothers’ postpartum sleep disturbance is associated with the ability to sustain sensitivity toward infants. Sleep Medicine, 65, 74–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2019.07.017.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lam, P., Hiscock, H., & Wake, M. (2003). Outcomes of infant sleep problems: A longitudinal study of sleep, behavior, and maternal well-being. Pediatrics, 111(3), e203–e207. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.111.3.e203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, A. M., Lam, S. K., Sze Mun Lau, S. M., Chong, C. S., Chui, H. W., & Fong, D. Y. (2007). Prevalence, course, and risk factors for antenatal anxiety and depression. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 110(5), 1102–1112. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.Aog.0000287065.59491.70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Linkowski, P., Kerkhofs, M., Hauspie, R., & Mendlewicz, J. (1991). Genetic determinants of EEG sleep: A study in twins living apart. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 79(2), 114–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(91)90048-9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loutzenhiser, L., Ahlquist, A., & Hoffman, J. (2011). Infant and maternal factors associated with maternal perceptions of infant sleep problems. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 29(5), 460–471.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lozoff, B., Wolf, A. W., & Davis, N. S. (1985). Sleep problems seen in pediatric practice. Pediatrics, 75(3), 477–483.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manber, R., Schnyer, R. N., Allen, J. J., Rush, A. J., & Blasey, C. M. (2004). Acupuncture: A promising treatment for depression during pregnancy. Journal of Affective Disorders, 83(1), 89–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2004.05.009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manber, R., Schnyer, R. N., Lyell, D., Chambers, A. S., Caughey, A. B., Druzin, M., et al. (2010). Acupuncture for depression during pregnancy: A randomized controlled trial. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 115(3), 511–520. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181cc0816.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manber, R., Bei, B., Simpson, N., Asarnow, L., Rangel, E., Sit, A., & Lyell, D. (2019). Cognitive behavioral therapy for prenatal insomnia: A randomized controlled trial. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 133(5), 911–919. https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000003216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martini, J., Petzoldt, J., Knappe, S., Garthus-Niegel, S., Asselmann, E., & Wittchen, H. U. (2017). Infant, maternal, and familial predictors and correlates of regulatory problems in early infancy: The differential role of infant temperament and maternal anxiety and depression. Early Human Development, 115, 23–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2017.08.005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McNamara, P., Belsky, J., & Fearon, P. (2003). Infant sleep disorders and attachment: sleep problems in infants with insecure-resistant versus insecure-avoidant attachments to mother. Sleep and Hypnosis, 5(1), 7–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Middlemiss, W. (2004). Infant sleep: A review of normative and problematic sleep and interventions. Early Child Development and Care, 174(1), 99–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Millikovsky-Ayalon, M., Atzaba-Poria, N., & Meiri, G. (2015). The role of the father in child sleep disturbance: Child, parent, and parent-child relationship. Infant Mental Health Journal, 36(1), 114–127. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21491.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mindell, J. A., & Owens, J. A. (2015). A clinical guide to pediatric sleep: Diagnosis and management of sleep problems (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mindell, J. A., Kuhn, B., Lewin, D. S., Meltzer, L. J., Sadeh, A., & American Academy of Sleep, M. (2006). Behavioral treatment of bedtime problems and night wakings in infants and young children. Sleep, 29(10), 1263–1276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mindell, J. A., Sadeh, A., Wiegand, B., How, T. H., & Goh, D. Y. (2010). Cross-cultural differences in infant and toddler sleep. Sleep Medicine, 11(3), 274–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2009.04.012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mindell, J. A., Du Mond, C. E., Sadeh, A., Telofski, L. S., Kulkarni, N., & Gunn, E. (2011). Efficacy of an internet-based intervention for infant and toddler sleep disturbances. Sleep, 34(4), 451–458. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/34.4.451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mindell, J. A., Sadeh, A., Kwon, R., & Goh, D. Y. (2013). Cross-cultural differences in the sleep of preschool children. Sleep Medicine, 14(12), 1283–1289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.09.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mirmiran, M., Maas, Y. G., & Ariagno, R. L. (2003). Development of fetal and neonatal sleep and circadian rhythms. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 7(4), 321–334. https://doi.org/10.1053/smrv.2002.0243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molenaar, N. M., Bais, B., Lambregtse-van den Berg, M. P., Mulder, C. L., Howell, E. A., Fox, N. S., et al. (2020). The international prevalence of antidepressant use before, during, and after pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of timing, type of prescriptions and geographical variability. Journal of Affective Disorders, 264, 82–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.12.014.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morales-Munoz, I., Saarenpaa-Heikkila, O., Kylliainen, A., Polkki, P., Porkka-Heiskanen, T., Paunio, T., & Paavonen, E. (2018). The effects of maternal risk factors during pregnancy on the onset of sleep difficulties in infants at 3 months old. Journal of Sleep Research, 27(5), 1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morrell, J. M. (1999). The role of maternal cognitions in infant sleep problems as assessed by a new instrument, the maternal cognitions about infant sleep questionnaire. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40(2), 247–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morrell, J., & Steele, H. (2003). The role of attachment security, temperament, maternal perception, and care-giving behavior in persistent infant sleeping problems. Infant Mental Health Journal, 25, 447–468.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Netsi, E., Evans, J., Wulff, K., O’Mahen, H., & Ramchandani, P. G. (2015a). Infant outcomes following treatment of antenatal depression: Findings from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 188, 252–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Netsi, E., van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Wulff, K., Jansen, P. W., Jaddoe, V. W., et al. (2015b). Does infant reactivity moderate the association between antenatal maternal depression and infant sleep? Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 36(6), 440–449.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nevarez, M. D., Rifas-Shiman, S. L., Kleinman, K. P., Gillman, M. W., & Taveras, E. M. (2010). Associations of early life risk factors with infant sleep duration. Academic Pediatrics, 10(3), 187–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2010.01.007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nijhuis, J. G., Prechtl, H. F., Martin, C. B., Jr., & Bots, R. S. (1982). Are there behavioural states in the human fetus? Early Human Development, 6(2), 177–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3782(82)90106-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor, T. G., Caprariello, P., Blackmore, E. R., Gregory, A. M., Glover, V., & Fleming, P. (2007). Prenatal mood disturbance predicts sleep problems in infancy and toddlerhood. Early Human Development, 83(7), 451–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2006.08.006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Donnell, K. J., & Meaney, M. J. (2017). Fetal origins of mental health: The developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 174(4), 319–328. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16020138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Hara, M. W., & Wisner, K. L. (2014). Perinatal mental illness: Definition, description and aetiology. Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 28(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.09.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orhon, F. S., Ulukol, B., & Soykan, A. (2007). Postpartum mood disorders and maternal perceptions of infant patterns in well-child follow-up visits. Acta Paediatrica, 96(12), 1777–1783. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00557.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Owens, J. (2008). Classification and epidemiology of childhood sleep disorders. Primary Care, 35(3), 533–546, vii. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2008.06.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paquet, J., Kawinska, A., & Carrier, J. (2007). Wake detection capacity of actigraphy during sleep. Sleep, 30(10), 1362–1369. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/30.10.1362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parmelee, A. H., Jr., Wenner, W. H., & Schulz, H. R. (1964). Infant sleep patterns: From birth to 16 weeks of age. The Journal of Pediatrics, 65, 576–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(64)80291-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pawlby, S., Hay, D. F., Sharp, D., Waters, C. S., & O’Keane, V. (2009). Antenatal depression predicts depression in adolescent offspring: Prospective longitudinal community-based study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 113(3), 236–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2008.05.018.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pennestri, M. H., Moss, E., O’Donnell, K., Lecompte, V., Bouvette-Turcot, A. A., Atkinson, L., et al. (2015). Establishment and consolidation of the sleep-wake cycle as a function of attachment pattern. Attachment & Human Development, 17(1), 23–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2014.953963.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pennestri, M. H., Laganiere, C., Bouvette-Turcot, A. A., Pokhvisneva, I., Steiner, M., Meaney, M. J., et al. (2018). Uninterrupted Infant Sleep, Development, and Maternal Mood. Pediatrics, 142(6). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-4330.

  • Perlis, M. L., Merica, H., Smith, M. T., & Giles, D. E. (2001). Beta EEG activity and insomnia. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 5(5), 363–374. https://doi.org/10.1053/smrv.2001.0151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petit, D., Touchette, E., Tremblay, R. E., Boivin, M., & Montplaisir, J. (2007). Dyssomnias and parasomnias in early childhood. Pediatrics, 119(5), e1016–e1025. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-2132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petzoldt, J., Wittchen, H., Einsle, F., & Martini, J. (2016). Maternal anxiety versus depressive disorders: Specific relations to infants’ crying, feeding and sleeping problems. Child: Care, Health and Development, 42(2), 231–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramos, K. D., & Youngclarke, D. M. (2006). Parenting advice books about child sleep: cosleeping and crying it out. Sleep, 29(12), 1616–1623.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramos, K. D., Youngclarke, D., & Anderson, J. E. (2007). Parental perceptions of sleep problems among cosleeping and solitary sleeping children. Infant and Child Development: Special Issue on Co-Sleeping, 4, 417–431.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rasic, D., Hajek, T., Alda, M., & Uher, R. (2014). Risk of mental illness in offspring of parents with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis of family high-risk studies. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 40(1), 28–38. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbt114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roehrs, T., Gumenyuk, V., Drake, C., & Roth, T. (2014). Physiological correlates of insomnia. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, 21, 277–290. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2014_324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Román-Gálvez, R. M., Amezcua-Prieto, C., Salcedo-Bellido, I., Martínez-Galiano, J. M., Khan, K. S., & Bueno-Cavanillas, A. (2018). Factors associated with insomnia in pregnancy: A prospective cohort study. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, 221, 70–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.12.007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rothbart, M. K., Ahadi, S. A., Hershey, K. L., & Fisher, P. (2001). Investigations of temperament at three to seven years: The Children’s Behavior Questionnaire. Child Development, 72(5), 1394–1408. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sadeh, A. (2015). Iii. Sleep assessment methods. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 80(1), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sadeh, A., Lavie, P., Scher, A., Tirosh, E., & Epstein, R. (1991). Actigraphic home-monitoring sleep-disturbed and control infants and young children: A new method for pediatric assessment of sleep-wake patterns. Pediatrics, 87(4), 494–499.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sadeh, A., Hauri, P. J., Kripke, D. F., & Lavie, P. (1995). The role of actigraphy in the evaluation of sleep disorders. Sleep, 18(4), 288–302. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/18.4.288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sadeh, A., Tikotzky, L., & Scher, A. (2010). Parenting and infant sleep. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 14(2), 89–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2009.05.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sadeh, A., Mindell, J. A., & Owens, J. (2011). Why care about sleep of infants and their parents? Sleep Medicine Reviews, 15(5), 335–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2011.03.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schaefer, C. E. (1990). Night waking and temperament in early childhood. Psychological Reports, 67(1), 192–194. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1990.67.1.192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scher, A. (2001). Attachment and sleep: A study of night waking in 12-month-old infants. Developmental Psychobiology, 38(4), 274–285. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.1020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scholle, S., Beyer, U., Bernhard, M., Eichholz, S., Erler, T., Graness, P., et al. (2011). Normative values of polysomnographic parameters in childhood and adolescence: quantitative sleep parameters. Sleep Medicine, 12(6), 542–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2010.11.011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwichtenberg, A. J., Abel, E. A., Keys, E., & Honaker, S. M. (2019). Diversity in pediatric behavioral sleep intervention studies. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 47, 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2019.07.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simard, V., Nielsen, T. A., Tremblay, R. E., Boivin, M., & Montplaisir, J. Y. (2008). Longitudinal study of preschool sleep disturbance: the predictive role of maladaptive parental behaviors, early sleep problems, and child/mother psychological factors. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 162(4), 360–367. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.162.4.360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simcock, G., Cobham, V. E., Laplante, D. P., Elgbeili, G., Gruber, R., Kildea, S., & King, S. (2019). A cross-lagged panel analysis of children’s sleep, attention, and mood in a prenatally stressed cohort: The QF2011 Queensland flood study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 255, 96–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sivertsen, B., Hysing, M., Dørheim, S. K., & Eberhard-Gran, M. (2015). Trajectories of maternal sleep problems before and after childbirth: A longitudinal population-based study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 15, 129. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-015-0577-1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sivertsen, B., Harvey, A. G., Pallesen, S., & Hysing, M. (2017). Trajectories of sleep problems from childhood to adolescence: A population-based longitudinal study from Norway. Journal of Sleep Research, 26(1), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slykerman, R. F., Thompson, J., Waldie, K., Murphy, R., Wall, C., & Mitchell, E. A. (2015). Maternal stress during pregnancy is associated with moderate to severe depression in 11-year-old children. Acta Paediatrica, 104(1), 68–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.12787.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soliday, E., McCluskey-Fawcett, K., & O’Brien, M. (1999). Postpartum affect and depressive symptoms in mothers and fathers. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 69(1), 30–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spinelli, M. G., & Endicott, J. (2003). Controlled clinical trial of interpersonal psychotherapy versus parenting education program for depressed pregnant women. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(3), 555–562. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.3.555.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spinelli, M. G., Endicott, J., Goetz, R. R., & Segre, L. S. (2016). Reanalysis of efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for antepartum depression versus parenting education program: Initial severity of depression as a predictor of treatment outcome. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 77(4), 535–540. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.15m09787.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • St James-Roberts, I., Roberts, M., Hovish, K., & Owen, C. (2015). Video evidence that London infants can resettle themselves back to sleep after waking in the night, as well as sleep for long periods, by 3 months of age. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 36(5), 324–329. https://doi.org/10.1097/dbp.0000000000000166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Su, K. P., Huang, S. Y., Chiu, T. H., Huang, K. C., Huang, C. L., Chang, H. C., & Pariante, C. M. (2008). Omega-3 fatty acids for major depressive disorder during pregnancy: Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69(4), 644–651. https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v69n0418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Talge, N. M., Neal, C., & Glover, V. (2007). Antenatal maternal stress and long-term effects on child neurodevelopment: How and why? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(3-4), 245–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01714.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thoman, E. B. (1990). Sleeping and waking states in infants: A functional perspective. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 14(1), 93–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80165-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tikotzky, L., & Shaashua, L. (2012). Infant sleep and early parental sleep-related cognitions predict sleep in pre-school children. Sleep Medicine, 13(2), 185–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2011.07.013.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toffol, E., Lahti-Pulkkinen, M., Lahti, J., Lipsanen, J., Heinonen, K., Pesonen, A.-K., et al. (2019). Maternal depressive symptoms during and after pregnancy are associated with poorer sleep quantity and quality and sleep disorders in 3.5-year-old offspring. Sleep Medicine, 56, 201–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tomfohr-Madsen, L. M., Campbell, T. S., Giesbrecht, G. F., Letourneau, N. L., Carlson, L. E., Madsen, J. W., & Dimidjian, S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for psychological distress in pregnancy: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 17(1), 498. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-016-1601-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Touchette, E., Petit, D., Tremblay, R. E., & Montplaisir, J. Y. (2009). Risk factors and consequences of early childhood dyssomnias: New perspectives. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 13(5), 355–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2008.12.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van der Waerden, J., Galéra, C., Saurel-Cubizolles, M. J., Sutter-Dallay, A. L., & Melchior, M. (2015). Predictors of persistent maternal depression trajectories in early childhood: Results from the EDEN mother-child cohort study in France. Psychological Medicine, 45(9), 1999–2012. https://doi.org/10.1017/s003329171500015x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weinberg, M. K., & Tronick, E. Z. (1998). The impact of maternal psychiatric illness on infant development. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59(Suppl 2), 53–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinstock, M. (1997). Does prenatal stress impair coping and regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis? Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 21(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0149-7634(96)00014-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weissbluth, M. (1983). Sleep duration and infant temperament. Annual Progress in Child Psychiatry & Child Development, 383–387.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weissman, M. M. (2006). Recent advances in depression across the generations. Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale, 15(1), 16–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weissman, M. M., Wickramaratne, P., Nomura, Y., Warner, V., Verdeli, H., Pilowsky, D. J., et al. (2005). Families at high and low risk for depression: A 3-generation study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(1), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.1.29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wirz-Justice, A., Bader, A., Frisch, U., Stieglitz, R. D., Alder, J., Bitzer, J., et al. (2011). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of light therapy for antepartum depression. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 72(7), 986–993. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.10m06188blu.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolke, D., Meyer, R., Ohrt, B., & Riegel, K. (1995). Co-morbidity of crying and feeding problems with sleeping problems in infancy: Concurrent and predictive associations. Early Development and Parenting, 4(4), 191–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeskind, P. S., & Stephens, L. E. (2004). Maternal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use during pregnancy and newborn neurobehavior. Pediatrics, 113(2), 368–375. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.113.2.368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marie-Hélène Pennestri .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Pennestri, MH., Burdayron, R., Gaudreau, H. (2021). Prenatal Stress and Children’s Sleeping Behavior. In: Wazana, A., Székely, E., Oberlander, T.F. (eds) Prenatal Stress and Child Development. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60159-1_17

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics