Abstract
Deficits in social skills are a hallmark feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), affecting individuals across the spectrum and throughout the lifespan. Despite the pervasiveness of this impairment, social skills training programs are arguably understudied compared to other treatment approaches for ASD, with social skills intervention studies for adolescents and adults especially scarce. This chapter will outline the characteristic social deficits common among adolescents and adults with ASD, as well as provide an overview of evidence-based treatment delivery methods, empirically supported social skills programs for adolescents and adults with ASD, and research methodology for studying social skills training. Limitations of existing social skills interventions for adolescents and adults are highlighted and recommendations for future research are discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Attwood, T. (2000). Strategies for improving the social integration of children with Asperger syndrome. Autism, 4, 85–100.
Attwood, T. (2003). Frameworks for behavioral interventions. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 12, 65–86.
Barnhill, G. P. (2007). Outcomes in adults with Asperger syndrome. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 22, 116–126.
Barnhill, G. P., Cook, K. T., Tebbenkanmp, K., & Myles, B. S. (2002). The effectiveness of social skills intervention targeting nonverbal communication for adolescents with Asperger syndrome and related pervasive developmental delays. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 17, 112–118.
Baron-Cohen, S. (1995). Mindblindness: An essay on autism and theory of mind. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A. M., & Frith, U. (1985). Does the autistic child have a “theory of mind”? Cognition, 21, 37–46.
Bauminger, N., & Kasari, C. (2000). Loneliness and friendship in high-functioning children with autism. Child Development, 71, 447–456.
Bauminger, N., Shulman, C., & Agam, G. (2003). Peer interaction and loneliness in high-functioning children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 489–507.
Bellini, S., & Akullian, J. (2007). A meta-analysis of video modeling and video self-modeling interventions for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Exceptional Children, 73, 264–287.
Buggey, T. (2005). Video self-modeling applications with students with autism spectrum disorder in a small private school setting. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 20, 52–63.
Buhrmester, D. (1990). Intimacy of friendship, interpersonal competence, and adjustment during preadolescence and adolescence. Child Development, 61, 1101–1111.
Capps, L., Sigman, M., & Yirmija, N. (1996). Self-competence and emotional understanding in high-functioning children with autism. In M.E. Hertzig & E.A. Farber (Eds.), Annual progress in child psychiatry and child development (pp. 260–279). Hard, UK: Psychgology Press.
Carter, A. S., Davis, N. O., Klin, A., & Volkmar, F. R. (2005). Social development in autism. In F. R. Volkmar, R. Paul, A. Klin, & D. Cohen (Eds.), Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders (pp. 312–334). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Church, C., Alisanski, S., & Amanullah, S. (2000). The social, behavioral, and academic experiences of children with Asperger syndrome. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 15, 12–20.
Constantino, J. N. (2005). Social responsiveness scale. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
Elder, L. M., Caterino, L. C., Chao, J., Shacknai, D., & De Simone, G. (2006). The efficacy of social skills treatment for children with Asperger syndrome. Education & Treatment of Children, 29, 635–663.
Emerich, D. M., Creaghead, N. A., Grether, S. M., Murray, D., & Grasha, C. (2003). The comprehension of humorous materials by adolescents with high-functioning autism and Asperger’s Syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 253–257.
Frankel, F., & Myatt, R. (2003). Children’s friendship training. New York: Brunner-Routledge.
Frankel, F., Myatt, R., Sugar, C., Whitham, C., Gorospe, C. M., & Laugeson, E. (2010). A randomized controlled study of parent-assisted children’s friendship training with children having autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40, 827–842.
Frith, U. (2004). Emanuel Miller lecture: Confusions and controversies about Asperger syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 672–686.
Gantman, A., Kapp, S., Orenski, K., & Laugeson, E. A. (2012). Social skills training for young adults with autism spectrum disorders: A randomized controlled intervention study. Journal for Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(6), 1094–1103.
Gerhardt, P. F., & Lainer, I. (2011). Addressing the needs of adolescents and adults with autism: A crisis on the horizon. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 41, 37–45.
Golan, O., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2006). Systemizing empathy: Teaching adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism to recognize complex emotions using interactive multimedia. Development and Psychopathology, 18, 591–617.
Gralinski, J. H., & Kopp, C. (1993). Everyday rules for behavior: Mother’s requests to young children. Developmental Psychology, 29, 573–584.
Gray, C., & Garand, J. D. (1993). Social stories: Improving responses of students with autism with accurate social information. Focus on Autistic Behavior, 8(1), 1–10.
Gresham, F. M., & Elliott, S. N. (1990). The social skills rating system. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
Gresham, F. M., & Elliott, S. N. (2008). Social skills improvement system: Rating scales. Bloomington MN: Pearson Assessments.
Griffin, H. C., Griffin, L. W., Fitch, C. W., Albera, V., & Gingras, H. G. (2006). Educational interventions for individuals with Asperger syndrome. Intervention in School and Clinic, 41, 150–155.
Hillier, A., Fish, T., Coppert, P., & Beversdorf, D. Q. (2007). Outcomes of a social and vocational skills support group for adolescents and young adults on the autism spectrum. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 22, 107–115.
Hodgdon, L. Q. (1995). Solving social-behavioral problems through the use of visually supported communication. In K. A. Quill (Ed.), Teaching children with autism: Strategies to enhance communication and socialization (pp. 265–286). New York: Delmar.
Howlin, P. (2000). Outcome in adult life for more able individuals with autism or Asperger syndrome. Autism, 4, 63–83.
Howlin, P., & Goode, S. (1998). Outcome in adult life for people with autism, Asperger syndrome. In F. R. Volkmar (Ed.), Autism and pervasive developmental disorders (pp. 209–241). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Hume, K., Loftin, R., & Lantz, J. (2009). Increasing independence in autism spectrum disorders: A review of three focused interventions. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 1329–1338.
Humphrey, N., & Symes, W. (2010). Perceptions of social support and experience of bullying among pupils with autistic spectrum disorders in mainstream secondary schools. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 25, 77–91.
Jennes-Coussens, M., Magill-Evans, J., & Koning, C. (2006). The quality of life of young men with Asperger syndrome: A brief report. Autism, 10, 511–524.
Kamps, D. M., & Tankersley, M. (1996). Prevention of behavioral and conduct disorders: Trends and Research Issues. Behavioral Disorders, 22, 41–48.
Kerbel, D., & Grunwell, P. (1998). A study of idiom comprehension in children with semantic-pragmatic difficulties. Part I: Task effects on the assessment of idiom comprehension in children. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 33, 1–22.
Klin, A., & Volkmar, F. R. (2003). Asperger syndrome: Diagnosis and external validity. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 12, 1–13.
Koegel, L. K., Koegel, R. L., Hurley, C., & Frea, W. D. (1992). Improving social skills and disruptive behavior in children with autism through self-management. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 25, 341–353.
Krasny, L., Williams, B. J., Provencal, S., & Ozonoff, S. (2003). Social skills interventions for the autism spectrum: Essential ingredients and a model curriculum. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinics of North America, 12, 107–122.
Laugeson, E. A. (2014). The PEERS ® curriculum for school based professionals: Social skills training for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. New York, NY: Routledge.
Laugeson, E. A., Ellingsen, R., Bates, S., & Sanderson, J. (2014). The ABC’s of meeting PEERS and making friends: Teaching social skills to adolescents with ASD in the classroom. Manuscript under review.
Laugeson, E. A., & Frankel, F. (2010). Social skills for teenagers with developmental and autism spectrum disorder: The PEERS treatment manual. New York: Routledge.
Laugeson, E. A., Frankel, F., Gantman, A., Dillon, A., & Mogil, C. (2012). Evidence-based social skills training for adolescents with autism spectrum disorders: The UCLA PEERS program. Journal for Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(6), 1025–1036.
Laugeson, E. A., Frankel, F., Mogil, C., & Dillon, A. R. (2009). Parent-assisted social skills training to improve friendships in teens with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 596–606.
Laushey, K. M., & Heflin, J. (2000). Enhancing social skills of kindergarten children with autism through the training of multiple peers as tutors. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 183–193.
Mandelberg, J., Laugeson, E. A., Cunningham, T. D., Ellingsen, R., Bates, S., & Frankel, F. (2014). Long-term treatment outcomes for parent-assisted social skills training for adolescents with autism spectrum disorders: The UCLA PEERS program. Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 7(1), 45–73. doi: 10.1080/19315864.2012.730600.
Matson, J. L. (2007). Determining treatment outcome in early intervention programs for autism spectrum disorders: A critical analysis of measurement issues in learning based interventions. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 28, 207–218.
Matson, J. L., Matson, M. L., & Rivet, T. T. (2007). Social-skills treatments for children with autism spectrum disorders: An overview. Behavior Modification, 31, 682–707.
Mehzabin, P., & Stokes, M. A. (2011). Self-assessed sexuality in young adults with high-functioning autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5, 614–621.
Mesibov, G. B. (1984). Social skills training with verbal autistic adolescents and adults: A program model. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 14, 395–404.
Miller, P. M., & Ingham, J. G. (1976). Friends, confidants and symptoms. Social Psychiatry, 11, 51–58.
Morrison, L., Kamps, D., Garcia, J., & Parker, D. (2001). Peer mediation and monitoring strategies to improve initiations and social skills for students with autism. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 3, 237–250.
Murray, D. S., Ruble, L. A., Willis, H., & Molloy, C. A. (2009). Parent and teacher report of social skills in children with autism spectrum disorders. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 40, 109–115.
Myles, B. S., Bock, S. J., & Simpson, R. L. (2001). Asperger syndrome diagnostic scale. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
Newman, B., Reinecke, D. R., & Meinberg, D. L. (2000). Self-management of varied responding in three students with autism. Behavioral Interventions, 15, 145–151.
Orsmond, G. L., Krauss, M. W., & Selzter, M. M. (2004). Peer relationships and social and recreational activities among adolescents and adults with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 245–256.
Provencal, S. L. (2003). The efficacy of a social skills training program for adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Utah.
Quill, K. A. (1997). Instructional considerations for young children with autism: The rationale for visually cued instruction. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 27, 697–714.
Rao, P. A., Beidel, D. C., & Murray, M. J. (2008). Social skills interventions for children with Asperger’s syndrome or high-functioning autism: A review and recommendations. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 353–361.
Rapin, I. (1999). Appropriate investigations for clinical care versus research in children with autism. Brain & Development, 21, 152–156.
Reichow, B., & Volkmar, F. R. (2010). Social skills interventions for individuals with autism: Evaluation for evidence-based practices within a best evidence synthesis framework. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40, 149–166.
Rubin, Z., & Sloman, J. (1984). How parents influence their children’s friendships. In M. Lewis (Ed.), Beyond the dyad (pp. 223–250). New York: Plenum.
Shattuck, P., Seltzer, M., Greenberg, M. M., Orsmond, G. I., Bolt, D., Kring, S., et al. (2007). Change in autism symptoms and maladaptive behaviors in adolescents and adults with an autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1735–1747.
Shtayermann, O. (2007). Peer victimization in adolescents and young adults diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome: A link to depressive symptomatology, anxiety symptomatology and suicidal ideation. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 30, 87–107.
Smith, T., Scahill, L., Dawson, G., Guthrie, D., Lord, C., Odom, S., et al. (2007). Designing research studies on psychosocial interventions in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 354–366.
Starr, E., Szatmari, P., Bryson, S., & Zwaigenbaum, L. (2003). Stability and change among high-functioning children with pervasive developmental disorders: A 2-year outcome study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 15–22.
Sterling, L., Dawson, G., Estes, A., & Greenson, J. (2008). Characteristics associated with presence of depressive symptoms in adults with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 1011–1018.
Stokes, M., Newton, N., & Kaur, A. (2007). Stalking, and social and romantic functioning among adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1969–1986.
Strain, P. S., Kohler, F. W., Storey, K., & Danko, C. D. (1994). Teaching preschoolers with autism to self-monitor their social interactions: An analysis of results in home and school settings. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 2, 78–88.
Swaggart, B. L., Gagnon, E., Bock, S. J., Earles, T. L., Quinn, C., Smith-Myles, B., et al. (1995). Using social stories to teach social and behavioral skills to children with autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 10(1), 1–16.
Tantam, D. (2003). The challenge of adolescents and adults with Asperger syndrome. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 12, 143–163.
Taylor, J. L., & Seltzner, M. M. (2010). Changes in autism behavioral phenotype during the transition to adulthood. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40, 1431–1446.
Travis, L. L., & Sigman, M. (1998). Social deficits and interpersonal relationships in autism. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 4, 65–72.
Tse, J., Strulovitch, J., Tagalakis, V., Meng, L., & Fombonne, E. (2007). Social skills training for adolescents with Asperger syndrome and high functioning autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1960–1968.
Turner-Brown, L. M., Perry, T. D., Dichter, G. S., Bodfish, J. W., & Penn, D. L. (2008). Brief report: Feasibility of social cognition and interaction training for adults with high functioning autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 1777–1784.
Van Bourgondien, M. E., & Mesibov, G. B. (1987). Humor in high-functioning autistic adults. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 17, 417–424.
Volkmar, F. R., & Klin, A. (1998). Asperger syndrome and nonverbal learning disabilities. In E. Schopler, G. B. Mesibov, & L. J. Kunce (Eds.), Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism? (pp. 107–121). New York: Plenum Press.
Webb, B. J., Miller, S. P., Pierce, T. B., Strawser, S., & Jones, P. (2004). Effects of social skills instruction for high-functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 19, 53–62.
White, S. W. (2011). Social skills training for children with Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism. New York: Guilford Press.
White, S. W., Keonig, K., & Scahill, L. (2007). Social skills development in children with autism spectrum disorders: A review of the intervention research. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1858–1868.
White, S. W., Koenig, K., & Scahill, L. (2010). Group social skills instruction for adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 25, 209–219.
Wing, L. (1983). Social and interpersonal needs. In E. Schopler & G. Mesibov (Eds.), Autism in adolescents and adults (pp. 337–354). New York: Plenum Press.
Winter, M. (2003). Asperger syndrome: What teachers need to know. London, England: Jessica Kingsley.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Laugeson, E.A., Ellingsen, R. (2014). Social Skills Training for Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. In: Volkmar, F., Reichow, B., McPartland, J. (eds) Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0506-5_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0506-5_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-0505-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-0506-5
eBook Packages: Behavioral ScienceBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)