Skip to main content

Attachment and Socialization

The Positive Side of Social Influence

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Genesis of Behavior ((GOBE,volume 6))

Abstract

The belief that child-parent attachment plays an important role in social development occupies center stage in most contemporary theories of childhood socialization. The origins of this belief are easily traceable to Freud’s emphasis on the significance of infant-mother attachment for virtually all aspects of subsequent personality development. Its endurance over the intervening decades has been sustained by a wealth of empirical data linking attachment to a wide range of socialization outcomes in both childhood and adulthood (Waters, Hay, & Richters, 1986).

When one considers values in general and moral values in particular from a cognitive standpoint, one is faced with the same problem. Cognition does not offer the principle of determination, of preference, of value. (Loevinger, 1976, p. 43)

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1963). The development of infant-mother interaction among the Ganda. In B. M. Foss (Ed.), Determinants of infant behavior (Vol. 2, pp. 67–112). London: Methuen (New York: Wiley).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aronson, E. (Ed.). (1981). The social animal. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin, A. L. (1980). Theories of child development (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. (Original work published 1967)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bosso, O. R. (1985). Attachment quality and sibling relations: Responses of anxiously attached/ avoidant and securely attached 18 to 32 month old first-borns toward their second-born siblings. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety and anger. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Vol. 3. Loss: Sadness and depression. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bretherton, I. & Waters, E. (Eds.). (1985). Growing points of attachment theory and research. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50 (1-2, Serial No. 209).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1960). Freudian theories of idenitfication and their derivatives. Child Development, 31, 15–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R. (1965). Social psychology. New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell, B. M. (1964). The effects of infant care. In M. L. Hoffman and L. W. Hoffman (Eds.), Review of child development research (Vol. 1, pp. 9–87). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cialdini, R. B. (1984). Influence: The new psychology of modern persuasion. New York: Quill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cleckley, H. (1982). The mask of sanity (4th ed.). St. Louis, MO: C. Mosby Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erickson, M. F., Sroufe, L., & Egeland, B. (1985). The relationship between quality of attachment and behavior problems in preschool in a high-risk sample. In I. Bretherton and E. Waters (Eds.), Growing points in attachment theory and research (pp. 147-166). Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50 (1-2, Serial No. 209).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, S., & Greenberg, R. P. (1978). The scientific evaluation of Freud’s theories and therapy. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud, A. (1946). The ego and the mechanisms of defense. New York: International Universities Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud, A. (1949). Certain types and stages of social maladjustment. In K. R. Eissler (Ed.), Searchlights on delinquency (pp. 193–204). New York: International Universities Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud, S. (1935). A general introduction to psycho-analysis. New York: Liveright. (Original work published 1916)

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud, S. (1949). An outline of psychoanalysis. New York: Norton. (Original work published 1940)

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud, S. (1961). The dissolution of the oedipal complex. In The complete works. of Sigmund Freud (Vol. XIX, pp. 173-179). London: Holgarth. (Original work published 1924)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gewirtz, J. L. (1969). Mechanisms of social learning: Some roles of stimulation and behavior in early human development. In D. A. Goslin (Ed.), Handbook of socialization theory and research (pp. 57–212). Chicago: Rand McNally.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gewirtz, J. L. (1972). On the selection and use of attachment and dependence indicators. In J. L. Gewirtz (Ed.), Attachment and dependency (pp. 179–215). Washington, DC: Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glueck, S., & Glueck, E. T. (1950). Unraveling juvenile delinquency. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goslin, D. A. (Ed.). (1969). Handbook of socialization theory and research. Chicago: Rand McNally.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grossman, K., Grossman, K. E., Spangler, G., Suess, G., and Unzner, L. (1985). Maternal sensitivity and newborns’ orientation responses as related to quality of attachment in Northern Germany. In I. Bretherton and E. Waters (Eds.), Growing points of attachment theory and research (pp. 233-256). Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50 (1-2, Serial No. 209).

    Google Scholar 

  • Grusec, J. E. (1985). The internalization of altruistic disposition: A cognitive analysis. In E. T. Higgins, D. N. Ruble, & W. W. Hartup (Eds.), Social cognition and social development (pp. 275–293). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harlow, H. F. (1961). The development of affectional patterns in infant monkeys. In M. B. Foss (Ed.), Determinants of infant behavior (Vol. 1, pp. 75–97). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kagan, J. (1982). Psychological research on the human infant: An evaluative summary. New York: W. T. Grant Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lepper, M. R. (1985). Social-control processes and the internalization of social values: An attributional perspective. In E. T. Higgins, D. N. Ruble, & W. W Hartup (Eds.), Social cognition and social development (pp. 294–330). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lieberman, A. F. (1977). Preschoolers’ competence with a peer: Influence of attachment and social experience. Child Development, 48, 1277–1287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loeber, R. (1982). The stability of antisocial and delinquent child behavior: A review. Child Development, 53, 1431–1446.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loeber, R., & Dishion, T. (1983). Early predictors of male delinquency: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 94, 68–99.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loevinger, J. (1976). Ego development: Conceptions and theories. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maccoby, E. E. (1985). Let’s not overattribute to the attribution process: Comments on social cognition and behavior. In E. T. Higgins, D. F. Ruble, & W. W. Hartup (Eds.), Social cognition and social development (pp. 356–370). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maccoby, E. E., & Masters, J. (1970). Attachment and dependency. In P. Mussen (Ed.), Carmichael’s manual of child psychology (3rd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 73–157). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCord, W., & McCord, J. (1959). Origins of crime: A new evaluation of the Cambridge-Sommerville study. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mowrer, O. H. (1950). Identification: A link between learning theory and psychotherapy. In O. H. Mowrer (Ed.), Learning theory and personality dynamics (pp. 573–615). New York: Ronald Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nadel, S. F. (1953). Social control and self-regulation. Social Forces, 31, 265–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parkes, C. M. (1982). Attachment and the prevention of mental disorders. In C. M. Parkes and J. Stevenson-Hinde (Eds.), The place of attachment in human behavior (pp. 295–309). London: Tavistock Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radke-Yarrow, M., Zahn-Waxier, C., & Chapman, M. (1983). Children’s prosocial dispositions and behavior. In E. M. Hetherington (Ed.), Socialization, personality, and social development, Vol. 4 of P. H. Mussen (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology (4th ed., pp. 469–545). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanford, N. (1955). The dynamics of identification. Psychological Review, 62, 106–117.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sarnoff, I. & Corvin, S. M. (1959). Castration anxiety and fear of death. Journal of Personality, 27, 374–385.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scharfer, H. R. & Emerson, P. E. (1964). Patterns of response to physical contact in early development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 5, 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sears, R. R. (1957). Identification as a form of behavior development. In D. B. Harris (Ed.), The concept of development (pp. 149–161). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sears, R. R., Maccoby, E. E., & Lewin, H. (1957). Patterns of child-rearing. Evanston, IL: Row Peterson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sears, R. R., Rau, L., & Alpert, R. (1965). Identification and child-rearing. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sroufe, L. A. (1983). Infant-caregiver attachment and patterns of adaptation in preschool: The roots of maladaptation and competence. In M. Perlmutter (Ed.), Minnesota Symposium in Child Psychology, (Vol. 16, pp. 41–81). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sroufe, L. A. (1987). The role of infant-caregiver attachment in development. Unpublished manuscript, University of Minnesota, Institute of Child Development, Minneapolis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoke, S. M. (1954). An inquiry into the concept of identification. In W. E. Martin and C. B. Stendler (Eds.), Readings in child development (pp. 227–239). New York: Harcourt, Brace.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waters, E., Hay, D., & Richters, J. (1986). Infant-parent attachment and the origins of prosocial and antisocial behavior. In D. Olweus, J. Block, and M. Radke-Yarrow (Eds.), Development of antisocial and prosocial behavior: Research, theories, and issues (pp. 97–125). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waters, E., Wippman, J., & Sroufe, L. A. (1979). Attachment, positive affect, and competence in the peer group: Two studies in construct validation. Child Development, 50, 821–829.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wentworth, W. M. (1980). Context and understanding: An inquiry into socialization theory. New York: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • West, D. J. (1982). Delinquency: Its roots, careers, and prospects. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • West, D. J. & Farrington, D. P. (1973). Who becomes delinquent? London: Heinemann Educational Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • West, D. J. & Farrington, D. P. (1977). The delinquent way of life. London: Heinemann Educational Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler, S. A. (1967). Sex offenses: A sociological critique. In J. Gagnon and W. Simon (Eds.), Social deviance (pp. 77–102). New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, J. Q. & Herrnstein, R. J. (1985). Crime and human nature. New York: Simon and Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Richters, J.E., Waters, E. (1991). Attachment and Socialization. In: Lewis, M., Feinman, S. (eds) Social Influences and Socialization in Infancy. Genesis of Behavior, vol 6. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2620-3_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2620-3_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-2622-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-2620-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics