Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

The Effects of Autism on the Family pp 3–17Cite as

Professional Attitudes toward Parents

A Forty-Year Progress Report

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Current Issues in Autism ((CIAM))

Abstract

Our understanding of autism, its causes and treatments, is still far from complete, although much has been learned about the syndrome Kanner first identified 40 years ago. There is no single aspect of our knowledge developed during this period that is more far-reaching and important to the effective and humane treatment of autistic people than the change in attitude toward their parents.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Reference Note

  1. Schuler, A. L., and Bormann, C. The interaction of communicative and cognitive development in childhood autism. Unpublished manuscript, San Francisco State University, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

References

  • Alpern, G. D. Measurement of “untestable” autistic children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1967, 72, 478–496.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alpern, G. D., and Kimberlin, C. C. Short intelligent test ranging from infancy levels through childhood levels for use with the retarded. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 1970, 75, 65–71.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ando, H., and Yoshimura, I. Effects of age on communication skill levels and prevalence of maladaptive behaviors in autistic and mentally retarded children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1979, 9, 83–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Axline, V. M. Play therapy. Houghton Mifflin, 1947.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barry, R. J., and James, A. L. Handedness in autistics, retardates, and normals of a wide range. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1978, 8, 315–323.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bender, L. Childhood schizophrenia clinical study of one hundred schizophrenic children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1947, 17, 40–56.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bender, L., and Grugett, A. E. A study of certain epidemiological problems in a group of children with childhood schizophrenia. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1956, 26, 131–145.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bettelheim, B. The empty fortress—Infantile autism and the birth of the self. New York: Free Press, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, L., Nietupski, J., and Hamre-Nietupski, S. The criterion of ultimate functioning and public school services for severely handicapped students. In M. A. Thomas (Ed.), Hey don’t forget about me: Education’s investment in the severely, profoundly and multiply handicapped. Rest-on, Va.: Council for Exceptional Children, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, W. T., Jenkins, E. L., Friedman, E., Brooks, J., Wisniewski, K., Raguthu, S., and French, J. H. Association of fragile-X syndrome with autism. Lancet, 1982, 1, 100.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, M., Hardesty, A. S., and Burdock, E. I. Demographic and perinatal profile of 105 autistic children: A preliminary report. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 1978, 14, 36–79.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cantwell, D. P., Baker, L., and Rutter, M. Family factors. In M. Rutter and E. Schopler (Eds.), Autism: A reappraisal of concepts and treatment. New York: Plenum, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chess, S. Follow-up report on autism in congential rubella. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1977, 1, 69–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, M. A report on the autistic syndrome. In M. Rutter and E. Schopler (Eds.), Autism: A reappraisal of concepts and treatment. New York: Plenum, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Creak, M. Schizophrenia syndrome in childhood: Progress report of a working party. Cerebral Palsy Bulletin, 1961, 3, 501–504.

    Google Scholar 

  • Creak, M., and Ini, S. Families of psychotic children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1960, 1, 156–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeMyer, M. K., Barton, S., Alpern, G. D., Kimberlin, C., Allen, J., Yang, E., and Steele, R. The measured intelligence of autistic children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1974, 4, 42–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eisenberg, L., and Kanner, L. Early infantile autism 1943–55. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1956, 26, 556–566.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ekstein, R., and Friedman, S. The function of acting out, play action, and play acting in the Psychotherapeutic process. In R. Ekstein (Ed.), Children of time and space, of action and impulse. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferster, C. B. Positive reinforcement and behavioral deficits of autistic children. Child Development, 1961, 32, 437–456.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Folstein, S., and Rutter, M. A twin study of individuals with infantile autism. In M. Rutter and E. Schopler (Eds.), Autism: A reappraisal of concepts and treatment. New York: Plenum, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillberg, C., and Schaumann, H. Social class and infantile autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1982, 12, 223–228.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldfarb, W. Childhood schizophrenia. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenfield, J. A child called Noah: A family journey. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hauser, S. L., DeLong, G. R., and Rosman, N. P. Pneumographic findings in the infantile autism syndrome: A corelation with temporal lobe disease. Brain, 1975, 98, 667–688.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hermelin, B., and O’Connor, N. Psychological experiments with autistic children. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanner, L. Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous child, 1943, 2, 217–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, R. L., Rincover, A., and Egel, A. L. Educating and understanding autistic children. San Diego: College Hill Press, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolvin, I. Psychoses in childhood: A comparative study. In M. Rutter (Ed.), Infantile autism: Concepts, characteristics, and treatment. Edinburgh: Churchill-Livingstone, 1971. (a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolvin, I. Studies in the childhood psychoses: I. Diagnostic criteria and classification. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1971, 118, 381–384. (b)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kysar, J. The two camps in child psychiatry: A report from a psychiatrist-father of an autistic and retarded child. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1968, 125, 103.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lockyer, L., and Rutter, M. A five-to fifteen-year follow-up study of infantile psychosis. IV. Patterns of cognitive ability. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1970, 9, 152–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lord, C., Schopler, E., and Revicki, D. Sex differences in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1982, 12, 317–330.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lotter, V. Follow-up studies. In M. Rutter and E. Schopler (Eds.), Autism: A reappraisal of concepts and treatment. New York: Plenum, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Makita, K. The age of onset of childhood schizophrenia. Folia Psychiatrica et Neurologica Japonica, 1966, 20, 111–121.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • May, J. M. A physician looks at psychiatry. New York: John Day, 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDermott, J. F., Harrison, D. I., Schrager, J., Lindy, J., and Killins, E. Social class and mental illness in children—The question of childhood psychosis. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1967, 37, 548–557.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • National Society for Autistic Children. National Society for Autistic Children definition of the syndrome of autism. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1978, 8, 162–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Conner, N., and Hermelin, B. Modality specific spatial coordinates. Perception and Psychophysics, 1975, 17, 213–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ornitz, E. M., and Ritvo, E. R. Perceptual inconstancy in early infantile autism. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1968, 18, 76–98.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park, C. C. The siege. Boston: Little, Brown, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prior, M. R., Gajzago, C. C., and Knox, D. T. An epidemiological study of autistic and psychotic children in the four eastern states of Australia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 1976, 10, 173–184.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rimland, B. Infantile autism. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Runck, B. Basic training for parents of psychotic children. In E. Corfinan (Ed.), Families today. Rockville, Md.: NIMH, Division of Scientific and Public Information, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M. Autistic children: Infancy to adulthood. Seminars in Psychiatry, 1970, 2, 435–450.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M. Diagnosis and definition of childhood autism. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1978, 5, 139–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M., and Schopler, E. (Eds.). Autism: A reappraisal of concepts and treatment. New York: Plenum, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schain, R. J., and Yannet, H. Infantile autism: An analysis of 50 cases and a consideration of certain relevant neurophysiologic concepts. Journal of Pediatrics, 1960, 57, 560–567.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schopler, E. Early infantile autism and receptor processes. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1965, 13, 327–335.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schopler, E. Parents of psychotic children as scapegoats. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 1971, 4, 17–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schopler, E. Discussion (NSAC definition of the syndrome of autism). Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1978, 8, 167–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schopler, E., Andrews, C. E., and Strupp, K. Do autistic children come from upper-middle-class parents? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1979, 9, 139–151.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schopler, E., Brehm, S. S., Kinsbourne, M., and Reichler, R. J. Effect of treatment structure on development in autistic children. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1971, 24, 416–421.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schopler, E., and Dalidorf, J. Autism: Definition, diagnosis, and management. Hospital Practice, 1980, 15(6), 64–73.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schopler, E., and Mesibov, G. B. Autism in adolescents and adults (Current Issues in Autism, Vol. 1). New York: Plenum, 1983.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Schopler, E., and Reichler, R. J. Parents as cotherapists in the treatment of psychotic children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1971, 1, 87–102.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schopler, E., and Reichler, R. J. Individualized assessment and treatment for autistic and developmentally disabled children, Vol. I: Psychoeducational profile. Baltimore, Md.: University Park Press, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schopler, E., Reichler, R. J., DeVellis, R. F., and Daly, K. Toward objective classification of childhood autism: Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1980, 10, 91–103.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, L., Stewart, M. A., and August, G. Implication of sex differences in the familial transmission of infantile autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1981, 11, 165–173.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, L., Stewart, M. A., Faust, M., and Shook, S. Social class distribution of fathers of children enrolled in the Iowa autism program. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1982, 12, 211–221.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vrono, M. Schizophrenia in childhood and adolescence. International Journal of Mental Health, 1974, 2, 7–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wakabayashi, S. A case of infantile autism associated with Down’s syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1979, 9, 31–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wing, L. Childhood autism and social class: A question of selection? British Journal of Psychiatry, 1980, 137, 410–417.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division TEACCH, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27514, USA

    Eric Schopler & Gary B. Mesibov

Authors
  1. Eric Schopler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Gary B. Mesibov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division TEACCH, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 310 Medical School Wing E, 222H, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27514, USA

    Eric Schopler  & Gary B. Mesibov  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schopler, E., Mesibov, G.B. (1984). Professional Attitudes toward Parents. In: Schopler, E., Mesibov, G.B. (eds) The Effects of Autism on the Family. Current Issues in Autism. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2293-9_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2293-9_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-2295-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-2293-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation