Abstract
A number of important findings in developmental psychopathology have been made by operationalizing problems in terms of the social context in which they occur and relying heavily on the use of observational assessment to examine them. For example, the coercion theory of Patterson (1982) could not have been developed via the sole use of self-report measures. It came from a conceptualization and methodology that saw the behavior of the child with a conduct problem as being firmly seated in an interactional context, that is, in a family system that reciprocates aggression in self-perpetuating coercive cycles. Support for these ideas was gathered largely through the use of observations of the child interacting with his or her family in natural settings.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Bakeman, R. (1978). Untangling streams of behavior: Sequential analysis of observation data. In G. P. Sackett (Ed.), Observing behavior, Vol. 2 (pp. 63–78). Baltimore: University Park Press.
Barrett, P. M., Rapee, R. M., & Dadds, M. R. (1992, July). Cognitive and family processes in child anxiety. Paper presented at the World Congress of Behavior Therapy, Queensland, Australia.
Barrios, B. A., & Hartmann, D. P. (1988). Fears and anxieties. In E. J. Mash & L. G. Terdal (Eds.), Behavioral assessment of childhood disorders, 2nd ed. (pp. 196–261). New York: Guilford Press.
Borkovec, T. D., Weerts, T. C., & Bernstein, D. C. (1977). Assessment of anxiety. In A. R. Ciminero, K. S. Calhoun, & H. E. Adams (Eds.), Handbook of behavioral assessment (pp. 367–428). New York: John Wiley.
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss, Vol. 2, Separation, anxiety, and anger. New York: Basic Books.
Butler, G., & Mathews, A. (1983). Cognitive processes in anxiety. Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy, 5, 51–62.
Cole, D. A., & Rehm, L. P. (1986). Family interaction patterns and childhood depression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 14, 297–314.
Coyne, J. C. (1976). Toward an interactional description of depression. Psychiatry, 39, 28–40.
Dadds, M. R., Barrett, P. M., & Rapee, R. M. (1993). Family processes in child anxiety. Paper presented at the 27th Convention of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Atlanta, November.
Dadds, M. R., Heard, P. M., & Rapee, R. M. (1992). The role of family intervention in the treatment of child anxiety disorders. Behaviour Change, 9, 171–177.
Dadds, M. R., Sanders, M. R., Morrison, M., & Rebgetz, M. (1992). Childhood depression and conduct disorder: An analysis of family interaction patterns in the home. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 505–513.
Dumas, J. E. (1989). Interact—A computer based coding and data management system to assess family interactions. In R. J. Prinz (Ed.), Advances in behavioral assessment of children and families, Vol. 3 (pp. 177–202). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Ekman, P. (1980). The face of man. New York: Garland Publishing.
Foster, S. L., Bell-Dolan, D. J., & Burge, D. A. (1988). Behavioral observation. In A. S. Bellack & M. Hersen (Eds.), Behavioral assessment, 3rd ed. (pp. 119–160). New York: Pergamon Press.
Fox, J. E., & Houston, B. K. (1981). Efficacy of self instructional training for reducing children’s anxiety in evaluation situations. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 19, 509–515.
Freeman, B. J., Roy, R. R., & Hemmick, S. (1976). Extinction of a phobia of physical examination in a 7-year-old mentally retarded boy. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 14, 63–64.
Giebenhain, J. E., & O’Dell, S. (1984). Evaluation of a parent training program for reducing children’s fear of the dark. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 17, 121–125.
Glennon, B., & Weisz, J. R. (1978). An observational approach to assessment of anxiety in young children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 1246–1257.
Hamilton, D. I., & King, N. J. (1991). Reliability of a behavioral avoidance test for the assessment of dog phobic children. Psychological Reports, 69, 18.
Harlow, H., & Harlow, M. (1962). Social deprivation in monkeys. Scientific American, 207, 136–146.
Hops, H., Biglan, A., Sherman, L., Arthur, J., Friedman, I., & Osteen, V. (1987). Home observations of family interactions of depressed women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 341–346.
Jay, S. M., & Elliott, C. (1984). Behavioral observation scales for measuring children’s distress: The effects of increased methodological rigor. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 1106–1107.
Jay, S. M., Ozolins, M., Elliott, C., & Caldwell, S. (1983). Assessment of children’s distress during painful medical procedures. Journal of Health Psychology, 2, 133–147.
Kagan, J., Reznick, J. S., & Snidman, N. (1988). Biological bases of childhood shyness. Science, 240, 167–171.
Kashani, J. H., Orvaschel, H., Rosenberg, T. K., & Reid, J. C. (1989). Psychopathology in a community sample of children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 701–706.
Katz, E. R., Kellerman, J., & Siegel, S. E. (1980). Behavioral distress in children with cancer undergoing medical procedures: Developmental considerations. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 356–365.
Kelley, C. K. (1976). Play desensitization of fear of darkness in preschool children. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 14, 79–81.
King, N. J., Hamilton, D. J., & Ollendick, T. H. (1988). Children’s phobias: A behavioural perspective. Chichester: John Wiley.
Krohne, H. W. (1992). Developmental conditions of anxiety and coping: A two process model of child rearing effects. In K. A. Hagtvet (Ed.), Advances in test anxiety research, Vol. 7 (pp. 143–155). Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.
Krohne, H. W., & Hock, M. (1991). Relationships between restrictive mother-child interactions and anxiety of the child. Anxiety Research, 4, 109–124.
Lang, P. J., & Lazovic, A. D. (1963). Experimental desensitization of a phobia. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 519–525.
Lang, P. J., Levin, D. N., Miller, G. A., & Kozak, M. (1983). Fear behavior, fear imagery, and the psychophysiology of emotion: The problem of affective response integration. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 92, 276–306.
LeBaron, S., & Zeltzer, L. (1984). Assessment of acute pain and anxiety in children and adolescents by self-reports, observer reports, and a behavior checklist. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 729–738.
Lewis, S. A. (1974). A comparison of behavior therapy techniques in the reduction of fearful avoidant behavior. Behavior Therapy, 5, 648–655.
Matson, J. (1981). Assessment and treatment of clinical fears in mentally regarded children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 14, 287–294.
Melamed, B., & Siegel, L. (1975). Reduction of anxiety in children facing hospitalization and surgery by use of film modeling. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 1357–1367.
Melamed, B., Yurchison, R., Fleece, E. L., Hutcherson, S., & Hawes, R. (1978). Effects of film modeling on the reduction of anxiety-related behaviors in individuals varying in level of previous experience in the stress situation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 1357–1367.
Milos, M. E., & Reiss, S. (1982). Effects of three play conditions on separation anxiety in young children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 389–395.
Murphy, C. M., & Bootzin, R. R. (1973). Active and passive participation in the contact desensitization of snake fear in children. Behavior Therapy, 4, 203–211.
Neisworth, J. T., Madle, R. A., & Goeke, D. E. (1975). “Errorless” elimination of separation anxiety: A case study. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 6, 79–82.
Ollendick, T. H., & Hersen, M. (1984). Child behavioral assessment: Principles and procedures. New York: Pergamon Press.
Patterson, G. R. (1982). Coercive family process. Eugene, OR: Castalia Press.
Paul, G. L. (1966). Insight versus desensitization in psychotherapy. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Sanders, M. R., Dadds, M. R., Johnston, B., & Cash, R. (1992). Child depression and conduct disorder. 1. Behavioral, affective and cognitive aspects of family problem solving. Journal of Abnormal Psychology (in press).
Sheslow, D. W., Bondy, A. S., & Nelson, R. O. (1982). A comparison of graduated exposure, verbal coping skills, and their combination in the treatment of children’s fear of the dark. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 4, 33–45.
Van Hasselt, V. B., Hersen, M., Bellack, A. S., Rosenblum, N. D., & Lamparski, D. (1979). Tripartite assessment of the effects of systematic desensitization in a multiphobic child: An experimental analysis. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 10, 51–55.
Wine, J. D. (1979). Test anxiety and evaluation threat: Children’s behavior in the classroom. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 7, 45–59.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dadds, M.R., Rapee, R.M., Barrett, P.M. (1994). Behavioral Observation. In: Ollendick, T.H., King, N.J., Yule, W. (eds) International Handbook of Phobic and Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Issues in Clinical Child Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1498-9_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1498-9_18
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1500-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1498-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive