Abstract
The parent—child relationship initiates a child into the social world and reshapes components of the adult self-concept into identification with parental roles. Much of what occurs between parents and children transforms a biological organism into a human being and confronts adults with a new set of experiences and responsibilities. Through this facet of the socialization process, parents and children acquire the knowledge, attitudes, skills, values, and expectations that allow them to become increasingly integrated into new social relationships.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abramovitz, R. Parenthood in America. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 1976, 5, 43–46.
Acock, A. C., & Bengtson, V. L. On the relative influence of mothers and fathers: A covariance analysis of political and religious socialization. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1978, 40, 519–530.
Acock, A. C., & Bengtson, V. L. Socialization and attribution processes: Actual versus perceived similarity among parents and youth. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1980, 42, 501–515.
Ainsworth, M. D. Infancy in Uganda: Infant care and the growth of attachment. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1967.
Ainsworth, M. D. The development of infant-mother attachment. In B. M. Caldwell & H. N. Ricciuti (Eds.), Review of child development research, Vol. 3. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973.
Ainsworth, M. D., & Bell, S. M. Mother-infant interaction and the development of competence. In K. Connally & J. Bruner (Eds.), The growth of social competence. London: Academic Press, 1974.
Ainsworth, M. D., & Wittig, B. Attachment and exploratory behavior of one-year-olds in a strange situation. In B. Foss (Ed.), Determinants of infant behavior, Vol. 4. London: Methuen, 1969.
Ainsworth, M. D., Bell, S. M., & Stay ton, D.J. Individual differences in strange-situation behavior of one-year-olds. In H. R. Schaffer (Ed.), The origins of human relations. London: Academic Press, 1971.
Aldous, J. Family interaction patterns. Annual Review of Sociology, 1977, 3, 105–135.
Aldous, J. Family careers: Developmental change in families. New York: Wiley, 1978.
Allen, W. R. The search for applicable theories in black family life. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1978, 40, 117–129.
Alvirez, D., & Bean, F. D. The Mexican-American family. In C. H. Mindel & R. W. Habenstein (Eds.), Ethnic families in America: Patterns and variations. New York: Elsevier, 1975.
Ambrose, J. A. The development of the smiling response in early infancy. In B. M. Foss (Ed.), Determinants of infant behavior, Vol. 1. London: Methuen, 1961.
Aronfreed, J. The concept of internalization. In D. A. Goslin (Ed.), Handbook of socialization theory and research. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1969.
Asher, H. Causal modeling. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1976.
Ashton, P. T. The role of the attachment bond in effective parenting. In J. H. Stevens, Jr., & M. Mathews (Eds.), Mother/child/father/child relationships. Washington, D.C.: National Association for the Education of Young Children, 1978.
Bakan, D. The duality of human existence: Isolation and communion in western man. Boston: Beacon Press, 1966.
Bakeman, R. & Brown, J. Behavioral dialogues: An approach to the assessment of mother-infant interaction. Child Development, 1977,48, 195–203.
Baltes, B. B. Longitudinal and cross-sectional sequences in the study of age and generation effects. Human Development, 1968, 11, 145–171.
Bandura, A. Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1976.
Bandura, A., & Huston, A. Identification as a process of incidental learning. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1961,63, 311–318.
Bandura, A., & Walters, R. H. Social learning and personality development. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1963.
Barnett, R. C. Parental sex-role attitudes and child-rearing values. Sex Roles, 1981, 7, 837–846.
Bartz, K. W., & Levine, E. S. Childrearing by black parents: A description and comparison to Anglo and Chicano parents. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1978, 40, 709–718.
Baumrind, D. Effects of authoritative control on child behavior. Child Development, 1966, 37, 887–907.
Baumrind, D. Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 1967, 75, 43–83.
Baumrind, D. Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology Monograph, 1971, 4(1, Pt. 2).
Baumrind, D. Socialization and instrumental competence in young children. In E. Hartup (Ed.), Research on young children. Washington, D.C.: National Association for the Education of Young Children, 1972.
Baumrind, D. Parental disciplinary patterns and social competence in children. Youth and Society, 1978,9, 239–276.
Baumrind, D. New directions in socialization research. American Psychologist, 1980, 35, 639–652.
Baumrind, D., & Black, A. Socialization practices associated with dimensions of social competence in preschool boys and girls. Child Development, 1967, 38, 291–327.
Bayley, N., & Schaefer, E. S. Relationships between socioeconomic variables and the behavior of mothers toward young children. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1960, 96, 239–276.
Becker, W. C. Consequences of different kinds of parental discipline. In M. L. Hoffman & L. Hoffman (Eds.), Review of child development research, Vol. 1. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964.
Becker, W. C., & Krug, R. S. A circumplex model for social behavior in children. Child Development, 1964, 35, 371–396.
Bell, R. Q. A reinterpretation of the direction of effects in studies of socialization. Psychological Review, 1968, 75, 81–95.
Bell, R. Q., & Harper, L. V. Child effects on adults. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1977.
Belsky, J. The interrelation of parental and spousal behavior during infancy in traditional nuclear families: An exploratory analysis. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1979, 41, 62–68.
Belsky, J. A family analysis of parental influence on infant exploratory competence. In F. Pedersen (Ed.), The father-infant relationship: Observational studies in a family context. New York: Praeger Special Studies, 1980.
Belsky, J. Early human experiences: A family perspective. Developmental Psychology, 1981,17, 3–23.
Bengston, V. L. Generation and family effects in values socialization. American Sociological Review, 1975, 40, 358–371.
Bengston, V. L., & Kuypers, J. A. Generational differences and the developmental stake. Aging and Human Development, 1971, 2, 249–260.
Bengtson, V. L., & Troll, L. Youth and their parents: Feedback and intergenerational influence in socialization. In R. M. Lenrer & G. B. Spanier (Eds.), Child influences on marital and family interaction A life-span perspective. New York: Academic Press, 1978.
Berger, P. L., & Luckman, T. The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. New York: Anchor Books, 1967.
Bernstein, B. Elaborated and restricted codes: Their social origins and some consequences. In J. J. Gumpery & D. Hymes (Eds.), The ethnography of communication, special publication of the American Anthropologist, 1964.
Bernstein, B. A sociolinguistic approach to socialization, with some reference to educability. In F. Williams (Ed.), Language and poverty. Chicago: Markham, 1970.
Bernstein, B. Class, codes and control: Theoretical studies toward a sociology of language, Vol. 1. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1971.
Bernstein, B. Class, codes and control: Applied studies toward a sociology of language, Vol. 2. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1973.
Bernstein, B., & Henderson, D. Social class differences in the relevance of language to socialization. In B. Bernstein (Ed.), Class, codes and control, Vol. 2. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1973.
Biddle, B. J. Role theory: Expectations, identities, and behaviors. New York: Academic Press, 1979.
Biller, H. B. Paternal deprivation. Lexington, Mass.: Heath, 1974.
Biller, H. B. The father and personality development: Paternal deprivation and sex role development. In M. E. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development. New York: Wiley, 1976.
Birns, B. The emergence and socialization of sex differences in the earliest years. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 1976, 22, 229–254.
Block, J. H. Conceptions of sex roles: Some cross-cultural and longitudinal perspectives. American Psychologist, 1973, 28, 512–526.
Block, J. H. Another look at sex differentiation in the socialization behaviors of mothers and fathers. In F. Denmark & J. Sherman (Eds.), Psychology of women: Future directions of research. New York: Psychological Dimensions, 1980.
Blumer, H. Symbolic interactionism. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1969.
Bossard, J. H., & Boll, E. The large family system. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1956.
Bowlby, J. Attachment. New York: Basic Books, 1969.
Bowlby, J. Attachment and loss: Separation anxiety and anger, Vol. 2. London: Hogarth, 1973.
Brazelton, T. B., Koslowski, B., & Main, M. The origins of reciprocity: The early mother-infant interaction. In M. Lewis & L. A. Roseblum (Eds.), The effect of the infant on its caregiver. New York: Wiley, 1974.
Bronfenbrenner, U. Socialization and social class through time and space. In E. E. Maccoby, T. M. Newcomb, & E. L. Hartley (Eds.), Readings in social psychology. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1958.
Bronfenbrenner, U. The ecology of human development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979.
Bronson, G. W. Infant’s reactions to unfamiliar persons and novel objects. Monograph of the Society for Research in Child Development, 1973, 37(3).
Bruner, J. S. Early social interaction and language acquisition. In H. R. Schaffer (Ed.), Studies in mother-infant interaction. New York: Academic Press, 1977.
Burr, W. R. Theory construction and the sociology of the family. New York: Wiley, 1973.
Burr, W. R., Leigh, G. K., Day, R., & Constantine, J. Symbolic interaction and the family. In W. R. Burr, R. Hill, F. I. Nye, & I. L. Reiss (Eds.), Contemporary theories about the family, Vol. 2. New York: Free Press, 1979.
Buss, D. M. Predicting parent-child interaction from children’s activity level. Developmental Psychology, 1981, 17, 59–65.
Carpenter, G. Mother’s face and the newborn. In R. Lewin (Ed.), Child alive. London: Temple Smith, 1975.
Carr, S., Dabbs, J., & Carr, T. Mother-infant attachment: The importance of the mother’s visual field. Child Development, 1975,46, 331–338.
Charlesworth, W. R., & Kreutzer, M. The ontogenesis of smiling and laughter: A perspective on the organization of development in infancy. Psychological Review, 1973, 83, 173–189.
Chemers, M. M. The relationship between birth order and leadership styles. Journal of Social Psychology, 1970, 80, 243–244.
Chodorow, N. The reproduction of mothering: Psychoanalysis and sociology of gender. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.
Clarke-Stewart, K. A. And daddy makes three: The father’s impact on mother and young child. Child Development, 1978, 49, 466–478.
Clausen, J. A. Family structure, socialization, and personality. In M. L. Hoffman & L. W. Hoffman (Eds.), Socialization and society. Boston: Little, Brown, 1966.
Coates, B., Anderson, E. P., & Hartup, W. W. Interrelations in the attachment behavior of human infants. Developmental Psychology, 1972, 6, 218–230.
Cogswell, B. E. Socialization into the family. In M. B. Sussman (Ed.), Sourcebook in marriage and the family (4th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1974.
Cohen, L. J. The operational definition of human attachment. Psychological Bulletin, 1974,81, 107–217.
Cohen, S., & Beckwith, L. Maternal language in infancy. Developmental Psychology, 1976, 12, 371–372.
Condon, W. S., & Sander, L. W. Synchrony demonstrated between movements of the neonate and adult speech. Child Development, 1974, 45, 456–462.
Connell, R. W. Political socialization in the American family: The evidence. Public Opinion Quarterly, 1972, 36, 323–333.
Connors, K., & Osofsky, J. D. Patterning of behaviors during early mother-infant interaction. Paper presented at the Biennial Meeting of Society for Research in Child Development, New Orleans, 1977.
Cook-Gumperz, J. Social control and socialization: A study of class differences in the language of maternal control. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1973.
Coopersmith, S. The antecedents of self-esteem. San Francisco: Freeman, 1967.
Cross, W. E. Black families and Black identity development: Rediscovering the distinction between self-esteem and reference group orientation. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 1981, 12, 19–49.
Dager, E. Z. Socialization and personality development in the child. In H. T. Christensen (Ed.), Handbook of marriage and the family. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1964.
Denzin, N. K. Childhood socialization. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1977.
Devereaux, E. C., Jr., Bronfenbrenner, U., & Rodgers, R. R. Child-rearing in England and the United States: A cross-national comparison. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1969, 31, 251–210.
Dinnerstein, D. The mermaid and the minotaur: Sexual arrangements and human malaise. New York: Harper & Row, 1977.
Drews, E. M., & Teahan, J. E. Parental attitudes and academic achievement. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1957, 13, 328–332.
Durrett, M. E., O’Bryant, S., & Pennebraker, J. W. Child-rearing reports of white, black and Mexican-American families. Developmental Psychology, 1975, 11, 871 .
Dyer, E. D. Parenthood as crisis: A re-study. Marriage and Family Living, 1963, 25, 196–201.
Edwards, J. N., & Brauburger, M. Exchange and parent-youth conflict. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1973, 35, 101–107.
Elder, G. H. Children of the Great Depression. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974.
Elder, G. H. History and the family: The discovery of complexity. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1981, 43, 489–519.
patterns: The effect of family size and sex composition. American Sociological Review, 1963,28, 891–905.
Ellis, G. H., Thomas, D. L., & Rollins, B. C. Measuring parental support: The interrelationship of three measures. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1976, 38, 713–722.
Erikson, E. H. Childhood and society (rev. ed.). New York: Norton, 1963.
Erlanger, H. S. Social class and corporal punishment in child-rearing: A reassessment. American Sociological Review, 1974, 39, 68–85.
Fantz, R. The origin of perception. Scientific American, 1961, 204, 66–72.
Fantz, R. Visual experience in infants: Decreased attention to familiar patterns relative to novel ones. Science, 1964, 146, 668–670.
Foote, N. N., & Cottrell, L. S. Identity and interpersonal competence. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1955.
Freedman, D. G. Human infancy: An evolutionary perspective. New York: Wiley Interscience, 1974.
French, J. R., & Raven, B. The bases of social power. In D. Cartwright (Ed.), Studies in social power. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Institute for Social Research, 1959.
Freud, S. Outline of psychoanalysis. New York: Norton, 1959.
Gallagher, B. J. An empirical analysis of attitude differences between three kin-related generations. Youth and Society, 1974, 4, 327–349.
Garbarino, J. Children and families in the social environment. New York: Aldine, 1982.
Gecas, V. Parental behavior and dimensions of adolescent self-evaluation. Sociometry, 1971, 34, 466–482.
Gecas, V. The socialization and child care roles. In F. I. Nye (Ed.) Role structure and the analysis of the family. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1976.
Gecas, V. The influence of social class on socialization. In W. R. Burr, R. Hill, F. I. Nye, & I. L. Reiss (Eds.), Contemporary theories about the family, Vol. 1. New York: Free Press, 1979.
Gecas, V. Contexts of socialization. In M. Rosenberg & R. Turner (Eds.), Sociological perspectives in social psychology. New York: Basic Books, 1981.
Gecas, V., & Nye, F. I. Sex and class differences in parent-child interaction: A test of Kohn’s hypothesis. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1974, 36, 742–749.
Gewirtz, J. L. A learning analysis of the effects of normal stimulation, privation and deprivation on the acquisition of social motivation and attachment. In B. M. Foss (Ed.), Determinants of infant behavior. London: Methuen, 1961.
Gewirtz, J. L. Mechanisms of social learning. In D. A. Goslin (Ed.), Handbook of socialization theory and research. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1969.
Gewirtz, J. L. Attachment and dependency. Washington, D.C.: Winston, 1972.
Goldberg, S. Social competence in infancy: A model of parent-infant interaction. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 1977, 23, 164–177.
Goldin, P. C. A review of children’s reports of parent behaviors. Psychological Bulletin, 1969, 71, 222–236.
Gottman, J. M. Marital interaction: Experimental investigations. New York: Academic Press, 1979.
Grebler, L., Moore, J. W., & Guzman, R. C. The Mexican-American people. New York: Free Press, 1970.
Gutman, H. G. The black family in slavery and freedom: 1750–1925. New York: Random House, 1976.
Hales, D., Kennell, J., & Sosa, R. How early is early contact? Defining the limits of the sensitive period. Paper presented at the American Pediatric Society and Society for Pediatric Research Annual Meeting, St. Louis, April 1976.
Hartup, W. W. Perspectives on child and family interaction: Past, present, and future. In R. M. Lerner & G. B. Spanier (Eds.), Child influences on marital and family interaction: A life-span perspective. New York: Academic Press, 1978.
Haynes, S. N., Jensen, B., Wise, E., & Sherman, D. Marital interaction and satisfaction: Assessment and impact. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association, New York, September 1979.
Heilbran, A. B., & Waters, D. B. Underachievement related to perceived maternal childrearing and academic conditions of reinforcement. Child Development, 1968, 39, 913–921.
Heineke, C. M., & Westheimer, I. J. Brief separation. London: Longman, 1965.
Heiss, J. Social roles. In M. Rosenberg & R. H. Turner (Eds.), Social psychology: Sociological perspectives. New York: Basic Books, 1981.
Hess, R. D. Social class and ethnic influences upon socialization. In P. D. Mussen (Ed.), Carmichael’s manual of child psychology, Vol. 2. New York: Wiley, 1970.
Hess, R. D. Approaches to the measurement and interpretation of parent-child interaction. In R. W. Henderson (Ed.), Parent-child interaction: Theory, research and prospects. New York: Academic Press, 1981.
Hess, R. D., & Shipman, V. Early experience and the socialization of cognitive modes in children. Child Development, 1965, 36, 867–886.
Hetherington, E. M., & Deur, J. The effects of father absence on child development. In W. W. Hartup (Ed.), The young child, Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: National Association for the Education of Young Children, 1972.
Hill, R. Methodological issues in family development research. Family Process, 1964, 3, 186–205.
Hill, R. Foreward. In R. E. Cromwell & D. H. Olson (Eds.), Power in families. New York: Halstead Publications, 1975.
Hill, R. Theories and research designs linking family behavior and child development: A critical overview. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 1981, 12, 1–18.
Hill, R. B. The strengths of black families. New York: National Urban League, 1971.
Hilton, I. Differences in the behavior of mothers toward first-and later-born children. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1967, 7, 282–290.
Hobbs, D. F., & Cole, S. P. Transition to parenthood: A decade replication. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1976, 29, 383–384.
Hodapp, A., & LaVoie, J. C. Imitation by second borns in adult-sibling dyads. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 1976, 93, 113–128.
Hoffman, L. W. Changes in family roles, socialization, and sex differences. American Psychologist, 1977(August), 644–657.
Hoffman, L. W., & Manis, J. D. Influences of children on marital interaction and parental satisfaction and dissatisfaction. In R. Lerner & G. Spanier (Eds.), Child influences on marriage and family interaction. New York: Academic Press, 1978.
Hoffman, L. W., & Nye, F. I. (Eds.). Working mothers. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1974.
Hoffman, M. L. Power assertion by the parent and its impact on the child. Child Development, 1960, 31, 129–143.
Hoffman, M. L. Moral development. In P. H. Mussen (Eds.), Carmichael’ s manual of child psychology (3rd ed.). New York: Wiley, 1970.
Hoffman, M. L. Moral internalization, parental power and the nature of parent-child interaction. Developmental Psychology, 1975, 11(2), 228–239.
Hoffman, M. L. Moral development in adolescence. In J. Adelson (Ed.), Handbook of adolescent psychology. New York: Wiley, 1980.
Hoffman, M. L., & Saltzstein, H. D. Parent discipline and the child’s moral development. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1967, 5, 45–57.
Hogan, R., Johnson, J. A., & Ember, N. P. A socioanalytic theory of moral development. New Directions for Child Development, 1978, 1, 1–18.
Holman, T. B., & Burr, W. R. Beyond the beyond: The growth of family theories in the 1970’s. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1980, 42, 729–742.
Inkeles, A. Society, social structure and child socialization. In J. A. Clausen (Ed.), Socialization and society. Boston: Little, Brown, 1968.
Jacobs, B. S., & Moss, H. A. Birth order and sex of sibling as determinants of mother-infant interaction. Child Development, 1976, 47, 315–322.
Jaffe, J., Stern, D. N., & Peery, J. C. Conversational complexity of gaze behavior in prelinguistic human development. Journal of Psycho-linguistic Research, 1973, 2, 321–330.
Jones, E. The probation student: What he is like and what can be done about it. Journal of Educational Research, 1955, 49, 93–102.
Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbon, D. Advances in factor analysis and structural equation models. Cambridge, Mass.: Abt Associates, 1979.
Kagan, J. The child in the family. Daedalus, 1977, 106, 33–56.
Kagan, J., & Moss, H. A. Birth to maturity. New York: Wiley, 1962.
Kammeyer, K. Birth order as a research variable. Social Forces, 1967, 46, 71–80.
Kandel, D., & Lesser, G. S. Youth in two worlds. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1972.
Kennell, J. H., Jerauld, R., Wolfe, H., Chester, D., Kreger, N. C., McAlpine, W., Steffa, N., & Klaus, M. H. Maternal behavior one year after early and extended post-partum contact. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 1974, 16, 172–179.
Kennell, J. H., Voos, D. K., & Klaus, M. H. Parent-infant bonding. In J. D. Osofsky (Ed.), The handbook of infant development. New York: Wiley, 1979.
Kessen, W. Research in the psychological development of the infant. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 1963, 9, 83–94.
Kidwell, J. S. Number of siblings, sibling spacing, sex, and birth order: Their effects on perceived parent-adolescent relationships. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1981, 43, 315–332.
Kidwell, J. S. The neglected birth order: Middleborns. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1982, 44, 225–235.
Kimball, B. Case studies in educational failure during adolescence. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1953, 23, 406–415.
Klaus, M. H., & Kennell, J. H. Mother-infant bonding: The impact of early separation or loss on family development. St. Louis: Mosby, 1976.
Klaus, M. H., & Kennell, J. H. Parent-to-infant attachment. In J. H. Stevens & M. Mathews (Eds.), Mother/child father/child relationships. Washington, D.C.: National Association for the Education of Young Children, 1978.
Klaus, M. H., Kennell, J. H., Plumb, N., & Zuehlke, S. Human maternal behavior at the first contact with her young. Pediatrics, 1970, 46, 187–192.
Klaus, M. H., Jerauld, R., Kreger, N., McAlpine, W., Steffa, M., & Kennell, J. H. Maternal attachment-Importance of the first postpartum days. New England Journal of Medicine, 1972, 286, 460–463.
Klein, D. M., Jorgensen, S. R., & Miller, B. C. Research methods and developmental reciprocity in families. In R. M. Lerner & G. B. Spanier (Eds.), Child influences on marital and family interaction: A life-span perspective. New York: Academic Press, 1978.
Koch, H. L. The relation of primary mental abilities in five-and six-year-olds to sex of child and characteristics of his sibling. Child Development, 1954, 25, 209–223.
Kohn, M. L. Social class and parental values. American Journal of Sociology, 1959, 64, 337–351.
Kohn, M. L. Social class and parent-child relationships: An interpretation. American Journal of Sociology, 1963, 68, 471–480.
Kohn, M. L. Class and conformity: A study in values. Homewood, Ill.: Dorsey Press, 1969.
Kohn, M. L. Class and conformity: A study in values (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977.
Kohn, M. L. Job complexity and adult personality. In N. Smelser & E. Erickson (Eds.), Themes of love and work in adulthood. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980.
Kohn, M. L., & Schooler, C. Occupational experience and psychological functioning: An assessment of reciprocal effects. American Sociological Review, 1973, 38, 97–118.
Kohn, M. L., & Schooler, C. The reciprocal effects of the substantive complexity of work and intellectual flexibility: A longitudinal assessment. American Journal of Sociology, 1978, 84(1), 24–52.
Korner, A. F. The effect of the infants’ state, level of arousal, sex and ontogenetic stage on the caregiver. In M. Lewis & L. A. Rosenblum (Eds.), The effect of the infant on its caregiver. New York: Wiley, 1974.
Kotelchuck, M. The infant’s relationship to the father: Experimental evidence. In M. E. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development. New York: Wiley, 1976.
Kuhn, M. Major trends in symbolic interaction theory in the past twenty-five years. Sociological Quarterly, 1964, 5, 61–82.
Lamb, M. E. The role of the father in child development. New York: Wiley, 1976.
Lamb, M. E. Father-infant and mother-infant interaction in the first year of life. Child Development, 1977, 48, 167–181. (a)
Lamb, M. E. A re-examination of the infant social world. Human Development, 1977, 20, 65–85. (b)
Lamb, M. E. The father’s role in the infant’s social world. In J. H. Stevens & M. Mathews (Eds.), Mother/child father/child relationships. Washington, D.C.: National Association for the Education of Young Children, 1978. (a)
Lamb, M. E. Influence of the child on marital quality and family interaction during the prenatal and infancy periods. In R. M. Lerner & G. B. Spanier (Eds.), Child influences on marital interaction: A life-span perspective. New York: Academic Press, 1978. (b)
Lamb, M. E., Suomi, S. J., & Stephenson, G. R. (Eds.), Social interaction analysis: Methodological issues. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1979.
LaRossa, R., & LaRossa, M. M. Transition to parenthood: How infants change families. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1981.
Lasko, J. K. Parent behavior toward first and second-born children. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 1954, 49.
Leiderman, P. H., & Seashore, M.J. Mother-infant neonatal separation: Some delayed consequences. London, England: CIBA Foundation Conference on Parent-Infant Relationships, 1974.
LeMasters, E. E. Parenthood as crisis. Marriage and Family Living, 1957, 19, 352–355.
LeMasters, E. E. Parents in modern America. Homewood, Ill.: Dorsey Press, 1974.
Lerner, R. M., & Ryff, C.D. Implementation of the life-span view of human development: The sample case of attachment. In P. B. Baltes (Ed.), Life-span development and behavior, Vol. 1. New York: Academic Press, 1978.
Lerner, R. M., & Spanier, G. B. Child influences on marital and family interaction: A life-span perspective. New York: Academic Press, 1978.
Lewis, M. State as an infant-environment interaction: An analysis of mother-infant interactions as a function of sex. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 1972, 18, 95–122.
Lewis, M., & Feiring, C. The child’s social world. In R. M. Lerner & G. B. Spanier (Eds.), Child influences on marital and family interaction: A life-span perspective. New York: Academic Press, 1978.
Lewis, M., & Goldberg, S. Perceptual-cognitive development in infancy: A generalized expectancy model as a function of mother-infant interaction. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 1969, 15, 81–101.
Lewis, M., & Kreitzberg, V. S. Effects of birth order and spacing on mother-infant interactions. Developmental Psychology, 1979, 15, 617–625.
Lewis, M., & Lee-Painter, S. The origins of reciprocity: The early mother-infant interaction. In M. Lewis & L. A. Rosenblum (Eds.), The effect of the infant on its caregiver. New York: Wiley, 1974.
Lewis, M., & Rosenblum, L. A. (Eds.). The effect of the infant on its caregiver. New York: Wiley, 1974.
Lewis, M., Feiring, C., & Weinraub, M. The father as a member of the child’s social network. In M. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development. New York: Wiley, 1981.
Lipsitt, L. Learning in the first year of life. In L. P. Lipsitt & C. Spiker (Eds.), Advances in child development and behavior, Vol. 1. New York: Academic Press, 1963.
Lofland, J. Doing social life: The qualitative study of human interaction in natural settings. New York: Wiley, 1976.
Lusk, D.,& Lewis, M. Mother-infant interaction among the Wolof Senegal. Human Development, 1972, 15, 58–69.
Lynn, D. B. The father: His role in child development. Monterey, Calif.: Brooks/Cole, 1974.
Lynn, D. B. Daughters and parents. Monterey, Calif.: Brooks/Cole, 1979.
Lytton, H. Disciplinary encounters between young boys and their mothers and fathers: Is there a contingency system?Developmental Psychology, 1979, 15, 256–268.
Maccoby, E. E. The choice of variables in the study of socialization. Sociometry, 1961, 24, 257–371.
Maccoby, E. E. Social development: Psychological growth and the parent-child relationship. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1980.
Maccoby, E. E., & Jacklin, C. N. The psychology of sex differences. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1974.
Macoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In E. Mavis Hetherington (Eds.), Hand-bookof child psychology, Vol. 4 (4th ed.). New York: Wiley, 1983.
Madsen, W. The Mexican-American of south Texas (2nd ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1973.
Main, M. Exploration, play, and cognitive functioning as related to child-mother attachment. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, John Hopkins University, 1973.
Maines, D. Social organization and social structure in symbolic interactionist thought. Annual Review of Sociology, 1977, 3, 235–259.
Manis, J. G., & Meltzer, B. N. Symbolic interaction (3rd ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1978.
Mannheim, K. The problem of generations. In K. Mannheim (Ed.), Essays on the sociology of knowledge. London: Routledge & Kegan, 1952. (Originally published, 1923.)
Marcus, A.C. Memory aids in longitudinal health surveys: Results from a field experiment. American Journal of Public Health, 1982, 72, 567–573.
Marjoribanks, E., & Walberg, H. Mental abilities: Sibling constellation and social class correlates. British Journal of Clinical and Social Psychology, 1975, 14, 109–116.
Martin, B. Parent-child relations. In R. D. Horowitz (Ed.), Review of child development research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1975.
Martin, J. A., Maccoby, E. E., Baran, K. W., & Jacklin, C. N. Sequential analysis of mother-child interaction at 18 months: A comparison of microanalytic methods. Developmental Psychology, 1981, 17, 146–157.
Marvin, R. S. An ethological-cognitive model for the attenuation of mother-child attachment behavior. In T. Alloway, P. Pliner, & L. Kramer (Eds.), Attachment behavior. New York: Plenum Press, 1977.
Masters, J., & Wellman, H. Human infant attachment: A procedural critique. Psychological Bulletin, 1974, 81, 218–237.
Matas, L., Arend, R., & Sroufe, L. Continuity in adaptation in the second year: Quality of attachment and later competence. Child Development, 1978, 49, 547–556.
Matteson, D. R. Adolescence today: Sex roles and the search for identity. Homewood, Ill.: Dorsey Press, 1975.
McAdoo, H. P. Minority families. In J. H. Stevens & M. Mathews (Eds.), Mother/child father/child relationships. Washington, D.C.: National Association for the Education of Young Children, 1978.
McClelland, D. C., Atkinson, R., Clark, R. A., & Lowell, E. L. The achievement motive. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1953.
McDonald, G. W. Parental identification by the adolescent: A social power approach. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1977,39, 705–719.
McDonald, G. W. Determinants of adolescent perceptions of maternal and paternal power in the family. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1979, 41, 757–770.
McDonald, G. W. Parental power and adolescents’ parental identification: A reexamination. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1980, 42, 289–296.
Mead, G. H. Mind, self and society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1934.
Meltzer, B. N., Petras, J. W., & Reynolds, L. T. Symbolic interaction: Genesis, varieties and criticism. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1975.
Messer, S. B., & Lewis, M. Social class and sex differences in the attachment and play behavior of the year-old infant. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 1972, 18, 295–306.
Miller, B. C. A multivariate developmental model of marital satisfaction. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1976, 38, 643–658.
Miller, B. C., Rollins, B. C., & Thomas, D. L. On methods of studying marriages and families. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1982, 44, 851–873.
Miller, D. R., & Swanson, G. E. Inner conflict and defense. New York: Holt, 1960.
Mindel, C. H., & Habenstein, R. W. Ethnic families in America: Patterns and variations. New York: Elsevier Scientific, 1975.
Minton, C., Kagan, J., & Levine, J. A. Maternal obedience and control in the two-year-old. Child Development, 1971,42, 1873–1894.
Morrow, W. R., & Wilson, R. C. Family relations of bright high-achieving and underachieving high school boys. Child Development, 1961, 32, 501–510.
Moss, H. A. Sex, age and state as determinants of mother-infant interaction. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 1967, 13, 19–36.
Moss, H.A. Early sex differences and mother-infant interaction. In R. C. Friedman, R. M. Richart, & R. L. Vande Wiele (Eds.), Sex differences in behavior. New York: Wiley, 1974.
Murillo, N. The Mexican-American family. In N. W. Wagner & M. J. Hung (Eds.), Chicanos: Social and psychological perspectives. St. Louis: C. V. Mosby, 1971.
Newson, J. An intersubjective approach to the systematic description of mother-infant interaction. In H. R. Schaff er (Ed.), Studies in mother-infant interaction. New York: Academic Press, 1977.
Nisbet, R., & Perrin, R. G. The social bond (2nd ed.). New York: Knopf, 1977.
Nolle, D. B. Changes in black sons and daughters: A panel analysis of black adolescents’ orientations toward their parents. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1972, 34, 443–447.
Nye, F. I. Role structure and analysis of the family. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1976.
Nye, F. I., & Railings, E. M. Wife-mother employment, family, and society. In W. R. Burr, R. Hill, F. I. Nye, & I. L. Reiss (Eds.), Contemporary theories about the family, Vol. 1. New York: Free Press, 1979.
Orlansky, H. Infant care and personality. Psychological Bulletin, 1949, 46, 1–48.
Osofsky, J. D., & Connors, K. Mother-infant interaction: An integrative view of a complex system. In J. D. Osofsky (Ed.), The handbook of infant development. New York: Wiley, 1979.
Osofsky, J. D., & Danzger, B. Relationships between neonatal characteristics and mother-infant characteristics. Developmental Psychology, 1974, 10, 124–130.
Otto, L. Class and status in family research. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1975, 37, 315–332.
Parke, R. D. Parent-infant interaction: Progress, paradigms and problems. In G. P. Sackett (Ed.), Observing behavior: Theory and application in mental retardation, Vol. 1. Baltimore: University Park, Press, 1978.
Parke, R. D. Perspectives on father-infant interaction. In J. D. Osofsky (Ed.), The handbook of infant development. New York: Wiley, 1979.
Parke, R. D., & Collmer, D. A. Child abuse: An interdisciplinary analysis. In E. M. Hetherington (Ed.), Review of child development research, Vol. 5. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1975.
Parke, R. D., & O’Leary, S. Father-mother-infant interaction in the newborn period: Some feelings, some observations and some unresolved issues. In K. Riegel & J. Meacham (Eds.), The developing individual in a changing world: Social and enviornmental issues, Vol. 2. The Hague: Mouton, 1975.
Parke, R. D., & Sawin, D. B. Infant characteristics and behavior as elicitors of maternal and paternal responsibility in the newborn period. Paper presented at the Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Denver, April 1975.
Parke, R. D., & Sawin, D. B. The family in early infancy: Social interactional and attitudinal analyses. Paper presented to the Society for Research in Child Development, New Orleans, March 1977.
Parke, R. D., Power, F. G., & Gottman, J. Conceptualizing and quantifying influence patterns in the family triad. In M. E. Lamb, L. J. Suomi, & G. R. Stephenson (Eds.), Social interactional analysis: Methodological issues. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1979.
Payne, S., Summers, D. A., & Stewart, T. Value differences across three generations. Sociometry, 1973, 36, 20–30.
Pedersen, F. A. Mother, father and infant as an interactive system. Paper presented at the annual convention of the American Psychological Association, Chicago, September 1975.
Pedersen, F. A. The father-infant relationship: Observational studies in the family setting. New York: Praeger, 1980.
Peters, M. F. Nine black families: A study of household management and child-rearing in black families with working mothers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, 1976.
Peters, M. F. Making it’ black family style: Building on the strengths of black families. In N. Stinnett (Ed.), Family strengths: Roots of well-being. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1981. (a)
Peters, M. F. Parenting in black families with young children: An overview of the literature. In H. P. McAdoo (Ed.), Black families. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1981. (b)
Peterson, E. T., & Kunz, P. R. Parental control over adolescents according to family size. Adolescence, 1975, 10, 419–427.
Peterson, G. W. The familial antecedents of instrumentally competent independence in early adolescence. Paper presented at the Annual Theory and Methods Workshop of the National Council of Family Relations, October 1977.
Peterson, G. W. The nature and antecedents of adolescent conformity. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 1978.
Peterson, G. W., & Peters, D. F. The socialization values of low-income Appalachian white and rural black mothers: A comparative study. Jour nal of Comparative Family Studies, 1985, 16, 75–91.
Peterson, G. W., Rollins, B. C, Thomas, D. L., & Ellis, G. H. Multiple dimensions of parental control and support. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Council on Family Relations, Portland, Oregon, October 1980.
Peterson, G. W., Rollins, B.C., Thomas, D. L., & Heaps, L. K. Social placement of adolescents: Sex-role influences on family decisions re-garding the careers of youth. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1982, 44, 647–658.
Peterson, G. W., Southworth, L. E., & Peters, D. F. Maternal behavior and children’s self-esteem in three low-income samples. Psychological Reports, 1983, 52, 79–86.
Peterson, G. W., Rollins, B.C., & Thomas, D. L. Parental influence and adolescent conformity: Compliance and Internalization. Youth and Society, 1985, 16(4), 397–420.
Rebelsky, F., & Hanks, C. Fathers’ verbal interaction with infants in the first three months of life. Child Development, 1971, 42, 63–68.
Reiss, I. L. The universality of the family: A conceptual analysis. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1965, 27, 443–453.
Richardson, B. B. Racism and child-rearing: A study of black mothers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Claremont Graduate School, 1980.
Ringler, N. M., Kennell, J. H., Jarvella, R., Novojosky, B. J., & Klaus, M. H. Mother to child speech at 2 years-Effect of early post-natal contact. Behavioral Pediatrics, 1975, 86, 141–144.
Robson, K. L. The role of eye to eye contact in mother-infant attachment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1967,8, 13–25.
Robson, K. S., & Moss, H. A. Patterns and determinants of maternal attachment. Journal of Pediatrics, 1970, 77, 976–985.
Rodgers, R. Toward a theory of family development. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1964, 26, 262–270.
Rollins, B. C., & Cannon, K. F. Marital satisfaction over the family life cycle: A re-evaluation. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1974, 32, 20–27.
Rollins, B. C., & Feldman, H. Marital satisfaction over the family life cycle. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1970, 32, 20–27.
Rollins, B. C., & Galligan, R. The developing child and marital satisfaction of parents. In R. M. Lerner & G. B. Spanier (Eds.), Child influences on marital and family interaction: A life-span perspective. New York: Academic Press, 1978.
Rollins, B. C., & Thomas, D. L. A theory of parental power and child compliance. In R. Cromwell & D. Olson (Eds.), Power in families. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1975.
Rollins, B. C., & Thomas, D. L. Parental support, power, and control techniques in the socialization of children. In W. R. Burr, R. Hill, F. I. Nye, & I. L. Reiss (Eds.), Contemporary theories about the family: Research-based theories, Vol. 1. New York: Free Press, 1979.
Rosen, B. C. Family structure and achievement motivation. American Sociological Review, 1961, 26, 574–585.
Rosen, B.C. Family structure and value transmission. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 1964, 10, 59–76.
Rosenthal, M. K. Attachment and mother-infant interaction: Some research impasses and a suggested change in orientation. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1973, 14, 201–207.
Rossi, A. Transition to parenthood: Problems and gratifications. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1968, 30, 26–39.
Rossi, A. A biosocial perspective on parenting. In A. S. Rossi, J. Kagan, &T. K. Hareven (Eds.), The family. New York: W. W. Norton, 1978.
Rothbart, M. K. Birth order and mother-child interaction in an achievement situation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1971, 17, 113–120.
Rubin, J. Z., Provenzano, R. J., & Luria, Z. The eye of the beholder: Parents’ view on sex of newborns. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1974, 43, 518–519.
Rubin, K. H., Hultsch, D. F., & Peters, D. L. Nonsocial speech in four-year-old children as a function of birth order and interpersonal situation. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 1971, 17, 41–50.
Russell, C.S. Transition to parenthood: Problems and gratifications. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1974, 36, 294–305.
Rutter, M. Maternal deprivation, 1972–1978: New findings, new concepts, new approaches. Child Development, 1979, 50, 283–305.
Sackett, G. P. The lag sequential analysis of contingency and cyclicity in behavioral interaction research. In J. D. Osofsky (Ed.), The handbook of infant development. New York: Wiley, 1979.
Schaefer, E. S. A circumplex model for maternal behavior. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1959, 59, 226–235.
Schaefer, E. S. Children’s reports of parental behavior. Child Development, 1965, 36, 552–557.
Schaffer, H. R. Early interactive development. In H. R. Schaffer (Ed.), Studies in mother-infant interaction. New York: Academic Press, 1977. (a)
Schaffer, H. R. Mothering. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1977. (b)
Schaffer, H. R. Studies in mother-infant interaction. London: Academic Press, 1977. (c)
Schaffer, H. R., & Emerson, P. E. The development of social attachments in infancy. Child Development Monograph, 1964, 29, 64.
Schaie, K. W. A general model for the study of developmental problems. Psychological Bulletin, 1965,64, 92–107.
Scheck, D. C., & Emerick, R. The young male adolescent’s perception of early childrearing behavior: The differential effects of socioeconomic status and family size. Sociometry, 1976, 39, 39–52.
Schooler, C. Birth order studies: Not here, not now! Psychological Bulletin, 1972, 78, 161–175.
Schwartz, J. Effects of peer familiarity on the behavior of preschoolers in a novel situation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1972, 24, 276–285.
Sears, R. R. A theoretical framework for personality and social behavior. American Psychologist, 1951, 6, 476–483.
Sears, R. R., Whiting, J. W., Nowlis, V., & Sears, P. S. Some child-rearing antecedents of aggression and dependency in young children. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 1953,47, 135–234.
Sears, R. R., Maccoby, E. E., & Levin, H. Patterns of child-rearing. Evanston, Ill.: Row, Peterson, 1957.
Sears, R. R., Rau, L., & Alpert, R. Identification and child-rearing. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1965.
Serbin, L. A. Sex-role socialization: A field in transition. In B. B. Lahey & A. E. Kazdin (Eds.), Advances in clinical child psychology, Vol. 3. New York: Plenum Press, 1980.
Sewell, W. H. Infant training and the personality of the child. American Journal of Sociology, 1952, 58, 150–159.
Shaffer, D. R., & Brody, G. H. Parental and peer influences on moral development. In R. W. Henderson (Ed.), Parent-child interaction: Theory, research, and prospects. New York: Academic Press, 1981.
Shaw, M. C., & Dutton, B. E. The use of the parent attitude research inventory with the parents of bright academic underachievers. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1962,53, 203–208.
Siegelman, M. College student personality correlates of early parent-child relationships. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1965, 29, 558–564.
Silverstein, B., & Krate, R. Child of the dark ghetto: A developmental psychology. New York: Praeger, 1975.
Smith, C., & Lloyd, B. Maternal behavior and perceived sex of infant. Child Development, 1978, 49, 1263–1265.
Smith, T. E. Foundations of parental influence upon adolescents: An application of social power theory. American Sociological Review, 1970, 35, 860–872.
Sousa, P. L. R., Barros, F. C., Gazelle, R. V., Bergeres, R. M., Pinheiro, G. N., Menezea, S. F., & Arruda, L. A. Attachment and lactation. Fifteenth International Congress of Pediatrics, Buenos Aires, October, 1974.
Spanier, G. B., Lewis, R. A., & Cole, C. Marital adjustment over the family life cycle: The issue of curvilinearity. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1975, 37, 263–276.
Spence, J. T., & Helmreich, R. L. Masculinity and feminity: Their psychological dimensions, correlates and antecedents. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1978.
Sroufe, L. A., & Waters, E. The ontogenesis of smiling and laughter: A perspective on the organization of development in infancy. Psychological Review, 1976, 83, 173–180.
Staples, R. The black American family. In C. H. Mindel & R. W. Habenstein (Eds.), Ethnic families in America. New York: Elsevier, 1976.
Staples, R., & Mirandé, A. Racial and cultural variations among American families: A decade review of the literature on minority families. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1980, 42, 887–903.
Staub, E. Positive social behavior and morality, Vol. 2. New York: Academic Press, 1979.
Stayton, D. J., & Ainsworth, M. D. S. Individual differences in infant responses to brief, everyday separations as related to other infant and maternal behaviors. Developmental Psychology, 1973, 9, 226–235.
Steffensmeier, R. H. A role model of the transition to parenthood. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1982, 43, 319–334.
Steinmetz, S. K. Disciplinary techniques and their relationship to aggressiveness, dependency, and conscience. In W. R. Burr, R. Hill, F. I. Nye, & I. L. Reiss (Eds.), Contemporary theories about the family, Vol. 1. New York: Free Press, 1979.
Stern, D. The first relationship: Infant and mother. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1977.
Stonequist, E. V. The marginal man: A study in personality and culture conflict. New York: Scribner’s, 1937.
Stout, A. M. Parent behavior toward children of differing ordinal position and sibling status. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 1960.
Straus, M. A. Power and support structure of the family in relation to socialization. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1964, 26, 318–326.
Straus, M. A., & Tallman, I. SIMFAM: A technique for observational measurement and experimental study of families. In J. Aldous, T. Condon, R. Hill, M. A. Straus, & I. Tallman (Eds.), Family problem-solving. Hinsdale, N.J.: Dryden Press, 1971.
Streissguth, A. P., & Bee, H. L. Mother-child interaction and cognitive development in children. In W. Hartup (Ed.), Research on young children. Washington, D.C.: National Association for the Education of Young Children, 1972.
Stryker, S. The interactional and situational approaches. In H. T. Christensen (Ed.), Handbook of marriage and family. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1964.
Stryker, S. Symbolic interactionism. Menlo Park, Calif.: Ben-jamin/Cummings, 1980.
Sutton-Smith, B., & Rosenberg, B. G. Sibling association and role involvement. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly of Development and Behavior, 1964, 10, 25–38.
Symonds, P. The psychology of parent-child relationships. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1939.
Tedin, K. L. The influence of parents on the political attitudes of adolescents. American Political Science Review, 1974, 68, 1579–1592.
Thoman, E. B. Development of synchrony in mother-infant interaction in feeding and other situations. Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 1976.
Thoman, E. B., Turner, A. M., & Leiderman, P. H. Neonate-mother interaction: Effects of parity on feeding behavior. Child Development, 1970, 41, 1103–1111.
Thoman, E. B., Barnett, C. R., & Leiderman, P. H. Feeding behaviors of newborn infants as a function of parity of the mother. Child Development, 1971, 42, 1471–1483.
Thoman, E. B., Leiderman, P. H., & Olson, J. P. Neonate-mother interaction during breast-feeding. Developmental Psychology, 1972, 6, 110–118.
Thomas, D. L., Gecas, V., Weigert, A. J., & Rooney, E. Family socialization and the adolescent. Lexington, Mass.: D. C. Heath, 1974.
Thomas, D. L., Peterson, G. W., & Rollins, B. C. Validity in parent-child research: A comparison of self-report and behavioral observations. Paper presented at the National Council on Family Relations, San Diego, California, 1977.
Thomas, E. A. C., & Martin, J. A. Analyses of parent-infant interaction. Psychological Review, 1976, 83, 141–156.
Thomas, W. I., & Thomas, D. S. The child in America. New York: Knopf, 1928.
Thompson, V. Family size: Implicit policies and assumed psychological outcomes. Journal of Social Issues, 1974, 30, 93–122.
Troll, L., & Bengtson, V. Generations in the family. In W. R. Burr, R. Hill, F. I. Nye, & I. L. Reiss (Eds.), Contemporary theories about the family, Vol. 1. New York: Free Press, 1979.
Turner, R. H. Role-taking: Process versus conformity. In A. M. Rose (Ed.), Human behavior and the social processes. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1962.
Turner, R. H. Family interaction. New York: Wiley, 1970.
Volkart, E. H. Social behavior and personality: Contributions of W. I. Thomas to theory and research. New York: Social Science Research Council, 1951.
Walsh, A. Self-concepts of bright boys with hearing difficulties. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1956.
Walters, J., & Stinnett, N. Parent-child relationships: A decade review of research. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1971, 33, 70–111.
Walters, J., & Walters, L. H. Parent-child relationships: A review, 1970–1979. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1980, 42, 807–822.
Waters, E., & Crandall, V. Social class and observed maternal behavior from 1940–1960. Child Development, 1964, 35, 1021–1032.
Waters, E., Vaughn, B. E., & Egeland, B. R. Individual differences in infant-mother attachment relationships at age one: Antecedents in neonatal behavior in an urban, economically disadvantaged sample. Child Development, 1980, 51, 208–216.
Watson, G. Some personality differences in children related to strict or permissive parental discipline. Journal of Psychology, 1957, 44, 227–249.
Webster, M., & Sobieszek, B. Sources of self-evaluation: A formal theory of significant others and social influence. New York: Wiley, 1974.
Weinraub, M. Fatherhood: The myth of the second-class parent. In J. H. Stevens & M. Mathews (Eds.), Mother/child father/child relationships. Washington, D.C.: National Association for the Education of Young Children, 1978.
Weinraub, M., Brooks, J., & Lewis, M. The social network: A reconsideration of the concept of attachment. Human Development, 1977, 20, 31–47.
Weisz, J. R. Transcontextual validity in development research. Child Development, 1978, 19, 1–12.
Weitz, S. Sex roles: Biological, psychological, and social foundations. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977.
White, B. L. The first three years of life. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1975.
Whiten, A. Assessing the effects of perinatal events on the success of the mother-infant relationship. In H. R. Schaff er (Ed.), Studies in mother-infant interaction. London: Academic Press, 1977.
Winters, M. The relationship of time of initial feeding to success of breast feeding. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Washington, 1973.
Wolff, P. H. Observations on the early development of smiling. In B. M. Foss (Ed.), Determinants of infant behavior, Vol. 2. New York: Wiley, 1963.
Wolff, P. H. The causes, controls and organization of behavior in the neonate. Psychological Issues, Monograph 17, 1966.
Wright, J. D., & Wright, R. Social class and parental values for children: A partial replication and extension of Kohn’s thesis. American Sociological Review, 1976, 41, 527–537.
Wrong, D. H. The oversocialized conception of man in modern sociology. American Sociological Review, 1961, 26, 183–193.
Yarrow, L. J., & Goodwin, M. S. The immediate impact of separation reactions of infants to a change in mother figures. In L. J. Stone, H. T. Smith, & L. B. Murphy (Eds.), The competent infant. New York: Basic Books, 1973.
Yarrow, L. J., Goodwin, M. S., Manheimer, H., & Milowe, I. D. Infancy experience and cognitive and personality development at ten years. In L. J. Stone, H. T. Smith, & L. B. Murphy (Eds.), The competent infant. New York: Basic Books, 1973.
Yarrow, M. R., & Waxier, C. Z. Observing interaction: A confrontation with methodology. In R. B. Cairns (Ed.), The analysis of social interaction: Methods, issues, and illustrations. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1979.
Yarrow, M. R., Campbell, J. D., & Burton, R. V. Child-rearing. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1968.
Yarrow, M. R., Scott, P. M., & Waxier, C. Z. Learning concern for others. Developmental Psychology, 1973, 8, 240–260.
Zajonc, R. B. Family configuration and intelligence. Science, 1976, 192, 227–292.
Zajonc, R. B., & Markus, G. B. Birth order and intellectual development. Psychological Review, 1975, 82, 74–88.
Zigler, E. F., & Child, I. L. Socialization and personality development. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1973.
Zussman, J. L. Situational determinants of parental behavior. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Stanford University, 1977.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Peterson, G.W., Rollins, B.C. (1987). Parent-Child Socialization. In: Sussman, M.B., Steinmetz, S.K. (eds) Handbook of Marriage and the Family. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7151-3_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7151-3_18
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-7153-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-7151-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive