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Gender and the Development of Aggression, Disruptive Behavior, and Delinquency from Childhood to Early Adulthood

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Disruptive Behavior Disorders

Abstract

It is well established that only a very small proportion of children become persistently serious delinquents or adult psychopaths. Also, many boys and girls showing some aggression and disruptive behavior in earlier childhood will not progress to more serious conduct problems by adolescence. Thus, the study of conduct problems and serious outcomes requires knowledge of the age-normative problem behaviors and their course over time for boys and girls, and why some children and youth deviate from these normative patterns. The pattern, developmental course, and their causes are somewhat different for girls compared to boys, which is the main topic of this chapter. For example, most of the violence committed by adolescent girls, in contrast to boys, is directed at relatives, especially their mother or a dating partner. Assault rates by girls have increased over the years, but it is debatable to what extent these increases are a result of improved police work, and prosecution, and the reporting of simple assaults by the police (Zahn, 2007).

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Acknowledgements

Parts of this paper were written with financial support of Grant MH056630 to Rolf Loeber from the National Institute of Mental Health; Grants DA024413 and DA022308 to Jane Costello from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and Grant MH083964 to Jane Costello from the National Institute of Mental Health; Grants HD 46364 to Deborah Capaldi from the National Institute of Child Health and Development (NICHD), 1R01AA018669 from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), and R01 DA 015485 from the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA). The author’s grateful to Stephanie Stepp for her comments on the latest draft of the paper and to Jenifer Wilson for her assistance with the references.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA

    Rolf Loeber

  2. Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Rolf Loeber

  3. Oregon Social Learning Center, Eugene, OR, USA

    Deborah M. Capaldi

  4. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA

    Elizabeth Costello

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  1. Rolf Loeber
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  2. Deborah M. Capaldi
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  3. Elizabeth Costello
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Correspondence to Rolf Loeber .

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  1. Youth-Nex Center, Dept. Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sci, University of Virginia, Emmet Street 405, Charlottesville, 22904, Virginia, USA

    Patrick H. Tolan

  2. Nathan Kline Institute, Old Orangeburg Road, Bldg 35 140, Orangeburg, 10962, New York, USA

    Bennett L. Leventhal

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Loeber, R., Capaldi, D.M., Costello, E. (2013). Gender and the Development of Aggression, Disruptive Behavior, and Delinquency from Childhood to Early Adulthood. In: Tolan, P., Leventhal, B. (eds) Disruptive Behavior Disorders. Advances in Development and Psychopathology: Brain Research Foundation Symposium Series, vol 1. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7557-6_6

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