Skip to main content

Resilience in Stepfamilies

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Stepfamilies are common in the United States. An estimated 40–50 % of marriages are a remarriage for one or both partners (Cherlin, 2010), and although not all of these remarriages result in the formation of a stepfamily, a significant portion of them do. According to a recent study, 42 % of a national sample of US adults and more than half (52 %) of those younger than 30 had at least one steprelative (Pew Research Center, 2011). About 40 % of US families have a stepgrandparent (Szinovacz, 1998). What is more, these statistics do not account for the growing number of stepfamilies created through cohabitation (Sweeney, 2007), an often-overlooked group.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   389.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   449.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Addo, F. R., & Sassler, S. (2010). Financial arrangements and relationship quality in low-income couples. Family Relations, 59, 408–423.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amato, P. R. (1994). The implications of research findings on children in stepfamilies. In A. Booth & J. Dunn (Eds.), Stepfamilies: Who benefits? Who does not? (pp. 81–87). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amato, P. R. (2010). Research on divorce: Continuing trends and new developments. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72, 650–666.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amato, P. R., & Gilbreth, J. G. (1999). Nonresident fathers and children’s well-being: A meta-analysis. Journal of Marriage and Family, 61, 557–573. doi:10.2307/353560.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amato, P. R., & Sobolewski, J. M. (2004). The effects of divorce on fathers and children: Nonresidential fathers and stepfathers. In M. E. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development (4th ed., pp. 341–367). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baxter, L. A., Braithwaite, D., & Nicholson, J. H. (1999). Turning points in the development of blended families. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 16(3), 291–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baxter, L. A., Braithwaite, D. O., Bryant, L., & Wagner, A. (2004). Stepchildren’s perceptions of the contradictions in communication with stepparents. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 21(4), 447–467.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braithwaite, D. O., Baxter, L. A., & Harper, A. M. (1998). The role of rituals in the management of dialectical tension of “old” and “new” in blended families. Communication Studies, 46, 101–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bray, J., & Berger, S. (1993). Developmental issues in step families research project: Family relationships and parent-child interaction. Journal of Family Psychology, 7, 76–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronstein, P., Stoll, M. F., Clauson, J., Abrams, C. L., & Briones, M. (1994). Father after separation or divorce: Factors predicting children’s adjustment. Family Relations, 43, 469–479.

    Google Scholar 

  • Browning, S. W. (1994). Treating stepfamilies: Alternatives to traditional family therapy. In K. Pasley & M. Ihinger-Tallman (Eds.), Stepparenting: Issues in theory, research, and practice (pp. 175–198). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bzostek, S. H. (2008). Social fathers and child well-being. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70, 950–961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, M. J. (2006). Family structure, father involvement, and adolescent behavioral outcomes. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68, 137–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carter, B., & McGoldrick, M. (Eds.). (2005). The expanded family life cycle: Individual, family, and social perspectives (3rd ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cartwright, C. (2005). Stepfamily living and parent–child relationships: An exploratory investigation. Journal of Family Studies, 11(2), 267–283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ceglian, C. P., & Gardner, S. (1999). Attachment style: A risk for multiple marriages? Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 31, 125–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, S. F. (1991). Attachment and adolescent adjustment to parental remarriage. Family Relations, 40, 232–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cherlin, A. (1978). Remarriage as an incomplete institution. The American Journal of Sociology, 84, 634–650.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cherlin, A. J. (2010). Demographic trends in the United States: A review of research in the 2000s. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72, 403–419.

    Google Scholar 

  • Church, E. (1999). Who are the people in your family? Stepmothers’ diverse notions of kinship. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 31, 83–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cissna, K. N., Cox, D. E., & Bochner, A. P. (1990). The dialectic of marital and parental relationships within the stepfamily. Communication Monographs, 57(1), 44–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clawson, J., & Ganong, L. (2002). Adult stepchildren’s obligations to older stepparents. Journal of Family Nursing, 8, 50–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Claxton-Oldfield, S. (2000). Deconstructing the myth of the wicked stepparent. Marriage & Family Review, 30, 51–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Claxton-Oldfield, S., O’Neil, S., Thomson, C., & Gallant, B. (2005). Multiple stereotypes of stepfathers. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 44(1/2), 165–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clingempeel, W. G., Brand, E., & Segal, S. (1987). A multilevel-multivariable-developmental perspective for future research on stepfamilies. In K. Pasley & M. Ihinger-Tallman (Eds.), Remarriage and stepparenting today: Research and theory (pp. 65–93). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, M., Fine, M., Ganong, L., Downs, K., & Pauk, N. (2001). When you’re not the Brady Bunch: Identifying perceived conflicts and resolution strategies in stepfamilies. Personal Relationships, 8, 55–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, M., & Ganong, L. (1989). Financial management in stepfamilies. Lifestyles: Family and Economic Issues, 10, 217–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, M., & Ganong, L. (1990). Relationship of personality variables to stepfamily closeness. In Presented at the national council on family relations annual conference, Seattle, WA, November 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, M., Ganong, L., & Fine, M. (2000). Reinvestigating remarriage: Another decade of progress. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62, 1288–1307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coughlin, C., & Vuchinich, S. (1996). Family experience in preadolescent and the development of male delinquency. Journal of Marriage and Family, 58, 491–501.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crohn, H. M. (2006). Five styles of positive stepmothering from the perspective of young adult stepdaughters. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 46(1/2), 119–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crosbie-Burnett, M., & Giles-Sims, J. (1994). Adolescent adjustment and stepparenting styles. Family Relations, 43, 394–399.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crosbie-Burnett, M., & Helmbrecht, L. (1993). A descriptive empirical study of gay male stepfamilies. Family Relations, 42, 256–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curran, S. R., McLanahan, S., & Knab, J. (2003). Does remarriage expand perceptions of kinship support among the elderly? Social Science Research, 32, 171–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeGarmo, D. S., & Forgatch, M. (2007). Efficacy of parent training for stepfathers: From playful spectator and polite stranger to effective stepfathering. Parenting: Science and Practice, 7, 331–355.

    Google Scholar 

  • Demo, D. H., & Acock, A. C. (1996). Singlehood, marriage, and remarriage: The effects of family structure and family relationships on mothers’ well-being. Journal of Family Issues, 17(3), 388–407.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, G. S., Serrano, A., Dickey, M., & Sonis, W. (1996). Current status of family-based outcome and process research. Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 6–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erera-Weatherly, P. I. (1996). On becoming a stepparent: Factors associated with the adoption of alternative stepparenting styles. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 25(3/4), 155–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evenson, R. J., & Simon, R. W. (2005). Clarifying the relationship between parenthood and depression. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 46, 341–358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Faber, A. J., & Wittenborn, A. K. (2010). The role of attachment in children’s adjustment to divorce and remarriage. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 21, 89–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fein, D. J., Burstein, N. R., Fein, G. G., & Lindberg, L. D. (2003). The determinants of marriage and cohabitation among disadvantaged Americans: Research findings and needs. Marriage and family formation data analysis project final report. Bethesda, MD: Abt Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fine, M. A., Coleman, M., & Ganong, L. (1998). Consistency in perceptions of the stepparent role among stepparents, parents, and stepchildren. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15, 810–828.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishman, B. (1983). The economic behavior of stepfamilies. Family Relations, 32, 359–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganong, L. (2008). Intergenerational relationships in stepfamilies. In J. Pryor (Ed.), International handbook of stepfamilies: Policy and practice in legal, research, and clinical environments (pp. 394–420). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganong, L., & Coleman, M. (1989). Preparing for remarriage: Anticipating the issues, seeking solutions. Family Relations, 38, 28–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganong, L., & Coleman, M. (2004). Stepfamily relationships: Development, dynamics and interventions. New York: Kluwer/Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganong, L., & Coleman, M. (2006). Patterns of exchange and intergenerational responsibilities after divorce and remarriage. Journal of Aging Studies, 20, 265–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganong, L., Coleman, M., Fine, M., & Martin, P. (1999). Stepparents’ affinity-seeking and affinity-maintaining strategies with stepchildren. Journal of Family Issues, 20, 299–327.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganong, L., Coleman, M., & Jamison, T. B. (2011). Patterns of stepchild-stepparent relationship development. Journal of Marriage and Family, 73(2), 396–413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganong, L., Coleman, M., & Weaver, S. E. (2002). Maintenance and enhancement in remarried families: Clinical applications. In J. Harvey & A. Wenzel (Eds.), A clinicians’ guide to maintaining and enhancing close relationships (pp. 105–129). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganong, L., Doty, M. E., & Gayer, D. (2003). Mothers in postdivorce families caring for a child with cystic fibrosis. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 18, 332–342.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerlach, P. (2001). Building a high-nurturance stepfamily. Philadelphia: Hibris Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gold, J. M., Bubenzer, D. L., & West, J. D. (1993). Differentiation from ex-spouses and stepfamily marital intimacy. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 19, 83–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldscheider, F., & Kaufman, G. (2006). Willingness to stepparent: Attitudes about partners who already have children. Journal of Family Issues, 27, 1415–1436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golish, T. D. (2003). Stepfamily communication strengths: Understanding the ties that bind. Human Communication Research, 29(1), 41–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greef, A. P., & Du Toit, C. (2009). Resilience in remarried families. American Journal of Family Therapy, 37, 114–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross, P. E. (1986). Defining post-divorce remarriage families: A typology based on the subjective perceptions of children. Journal of Divorce, 10, 205–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guisinger, S., Cowan, P., & Schuldberg, D. (1989). Changing parent and spouse relations in the first years of remarriage of divorced fathers. Journal of Marriage and Family, 51, 445–456.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawley, D. R. (2000). Clinical implications of family resilience. American Journal of Family Therapy, 28, 101–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henry, C. S., & Lovelace, S. G. (1995). Family resources and adolescent family life satisfaction in remarried family households. Journal of Family Issues, 16, 765–786.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hequembourg, A. (2004). Unscripted motherhood: Lesbian mothers negotiating incompletely institutionalized family relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 21, 739–762.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hetherington, E. M., & Clingempeel, W. G. (1992). Coping with marital transitions: A family systems perspective. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 57, 1–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hetherington, E. M., & Elmore, A. M. (2003). Risk and resilience in children coping with their parents’ divorce and remarriage. In S. S. Luthar (Ed.), Resilience and vulnerability: Adaptation in the context of childhood adversities. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Higginbotham, B. J., Miller, J. J., & Niehuis, S. (2009). Remarriage preparation: Usage, perceived helpfulness, and dyadic adjustment. Family Relations, 58, 316–329.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ispa, J. M., Thornburg, K. R., & Fine, M. A. (2006). Keepin’on: The everyday struggles of young families in poverty. Baltimore: Brookes Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, J. B. (2007). Children’s living arrangements following separation and divorce: Insights from empirical and clinical research. Family Process, 46, 35–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, K., & Ganong, L. (2011). ‘Shifting family boundaries’ after the diagnosis of childhood cancer in stepfamilies. Journal of Family Nursing, 17, 105–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, G. E., & Kennedy, C. E. (1993). Grandparents: A special resource for children. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 19, 45–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, S., & Bumpass, L. (2008). Cohabitation and children’s living arrangements: New estimates from the United States. Demographic Research, 19, 1663–1692.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, V. (2006). The antecedents and consequences of adolescents’ relationships with stepfathers and nonresident fathers. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68, 910–928.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, V. (2007). When children have two mothers: Relationships with nonresident mothers, stepmothers, and fathers. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69, 1178–1193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leon, K., & Angst, E. (2005). Portrayals of stepfamilies in film: Using media images in remarriage education. Family Relations, 54, 3–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynch, J. M. (2000). Considerations of family structure and gender composition: The lesbian and gay stepfamily. Journal of Homosexuality, 40(2), 81–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsiglio, W. (1992). Stepfathers with minor children living at home: Parenting perceptions and relationship quality. Journal of Family Issues, 13, 195–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsiglio, W. (2004). When stepfathers claim stepchildren: A conceptual analysis. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66, 22–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michaels, M. L. (2007). Remarital issues in couple therapy. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 6, 125–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, M. (2008). Gendered power relations among women: A study of household decision making in Black, lesbian stepfamilies. American Sociological Review, 72, 335–358.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor, T. G., Hetherington, E. M., & Reiss, D. (1998). Family systems and adolescent development: Shared and nonshared risk and protective factors in nondivorced and remarried families. Development and Psychopathology, 10, 353–375.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor, T. G., & Insabella, G. M. (1999). Marital satisfaction, relationships, and roles. In E. M. Hetherington, S. H. Henderson, & D. Reiss (Eds.) (pp. 79–101). Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 64(4, Serial No. 259). Malden, MA: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orchard, A. L., & Solberg, K. B. (1999). Expectation of the stepmother’s role. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 31, 107–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oswald, R. F. (2002). Resilience within the family networks of lesbians and gay men: Intentionality and redefinition. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 374–394.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papernow, P. (2006). Therapy for people who live in stepfamilies. Family Therapy Magazine, 5, 34–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pasley, K., Sandras, E., & Edmondson, M. E. (1994). The effects of financial management strategies on quality of family life in remarriage. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 15, 53–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pew Research Center. (2011). Pew social & demographic trends survey. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pyke, K. D. (1994). Women’s employment as a gift or burden? Marital power across marriage, divorce, and remarriage. Gender and Society, 8, 73–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ragsdale, J. D., Brandau-Brown, F., & Bello, R. (2010). Attachment style and gender as predictors of relational repair among the remarried. Journal of Family Communication, 10, 158–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saint-Jacques, M.-C. (1995). Role strain prediction in stepfamilies. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 24(1/2), 51–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samuelsohn, D. (2010, June 9). Senate climate bill’s boosters try smorgasbord strategy in bid for votes. The New York Times, Section B.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandler, I., Miles, J., Cookston, J., & Braver, S. (2008). Effects of father and mother parenting on children’s mental health in high- and low-conflict divorces. Family Court Review, 46, 282–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmeekle, M. (2007). Gender dynamics in stepfamilies: Adult stepchildren’s views. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69, 174–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schrodt, P., Soliz, J., & Braithwaite, D. (2008). A social relations model of everyday talk and relational satisfaction in stepfamilies. Communication Monographs, 75(2), 190–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shalay, N., & Brownlee, K. (2007). Narrative family therapy with blended families. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 18, 17–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skogrand, L., Torres, E., & Higginbotham, B. J. (2010). Stepfamily education: Benefits of a group-formatted intervention. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 18, 234–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, S. D. (2001). Contemporary American stepparenthood: Integrating cohabiting and nonresident stepparents. Population Research & Policy Review, 20, 345–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Svare, G. M., Jay, S., & Mason, M. A. (2004). Stepparents on stepparenting: An exploratory study of stepparenting approaches. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 41(3/4), 81–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweeney, M. (2010). Remarriage and stepfamilies: Strategic sites for family scholarship in the 21st century. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72, 667–684.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweeney, M. M. (2007). Stepfather families and the emotional well-being of adolescents. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 48(1), 33–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szinovacz, M. E. (1998). Grandparents today: A demographic profile. The Gerontologist, 38(1), 37–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, E., Hanson, T. L., & McLanahan, S. S. (1994). Family structure and child well-being: Economic resources vs. parental behaviors. Social Forces, 73, 221–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinick, B. H., & Lanspery, S. (2000). Cinderella’s sequel: Stepmothers’ long-term relationships with adult stepchildren. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 31, 377–384.

    Google Scholar 

  • Visher, E. B., & Visher, J. S. (1988). Old loyalties, new ties: Therapeutic strategies with stepfamilies. New York: Brunner/Mazel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Visher, E. B., & Visher, J. S. (1994). The core ingredients in the treatment of stepfamilies. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 2, 208–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Visher, E. B., & Visher, J. S. (1996). Therapy with stepfamilies. New York: Brunner/Mazel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, F. (2002). A family resilience framework: Innovative practice applications. Family Relations, 51, 130–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, S. E., & Coleman, M. (2005). A mothering but not a mother role: A grounded theory study of the nonresidential stepmother role. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22, 477–497.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, S. E., & Coleman, M. (2010). Caught in the middle: Mothers in stepfamilies. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 27, 305–326.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, L., & Gilbreth, J. G. (2001). When children have two fathers: Effects of relationships with stepfathers and noncustodial fathers on adolescent outcomes. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63, 155–167.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lawrence Ganong .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Coleman, M., Ganong, L., Russell, L.T. (2013). Resilience in Stepfamilies. In: Becvar, D. (eds) Handbook of Family Resilience. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3917-2_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics