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Interventions in the Context of the Distressed (Type D) Personality

  • Chapter
Stress Proof the Heart

Abstract

The distressed (Type D) personality is characterized by a general propensity to psychological distress, defined by the combination of high negative affectivity and social inhibition. Across cardiac conditions, Type D patients are at increased risk for impaired health outcomes, including increased morbidity and mortality, and impaired mood and health status. Further, Type Ds are likely to display poor health-related behaviors and are characterized by impaired social functioning. In this chapter, a general introduction on the background, assessment, and clinical relevance of Type D personality is provided. Building on existing evidence, interventions for improving mood and health status, health-related behaviors, and interpersonal functioning in the context of Type D personality are discussed. Finally, practical guidelines for clinicians in the context of Type D personality are provided and suggestions for future work are presented.

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Abbreviations

CABG:

Coronary artery bypass grafting

CAD:

Coronary artery disease

CBT:

Cognitive behavioral therapy

CHF:

Chronic heart failure

CREATE:

Canadian cardiac randomized evaluation of antidepressant and ­psychotherapy efficacy

DS14:

Type D questionnaire

ENRICHD:

ENhancing recovery in coronary heart disease

EPC:

Endothelial progenitor cells

EXIT:

EXhaustion Intervention Trial

HPA:

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal

ICD:

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator

IPT:

Interpersonal therapy

MBCT:

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy

MI:

Myocardial infarction

NIH:

National Institutes of Health

PAD:

Peripheral arterial disease

PCI:

Percutaneous coronary intervention

RCT:

Randomized controlled trial

SEARCH:

Support, Education, and Research in Chronic Heart Failure Study

SPIRR-CAD:

Stepwise psychotherapy intervention for reducing risk in coronary artery disease

SSRI:

Selective serotonin receptor inhibitor

STEP-AMI:

Short-term psychotherapy in acute myocardial infarction

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

WEBCARE:

WEB-based distress management program for implantable CARdioverter dEfibrillator patients

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases, Tilburg University, 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands

    Aline J. Pelle Ph.D., Krista C. van den Broek Ph.D. & Johan Denollet Ph.D.

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  1. Aline J. Pelle Ph.D.
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  2. Krista C. van den Broek Ph.D.
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  3. Johan Denollet Ph.D.
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  1. Henry Low Heart Center, Hartford Hospital, Seymour Street 80, Hartford, 06102, Connecticut, USA

    Ellen A. Dornelas

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Pelle, A.J., van den Broek, K.C., Denollet, J. (2012). Interventions in the Context of the Distressed (Type D) Personality. In: Dornelas, E.A. (eds) Stress Proof the Heart. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5650-7_9

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