Synonyms
Description
The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR; Hughes, Berg, Danziger, Coben, & Martin, 1982) is a semi-structured, clinician-rated interview widely used to stage the progression of dementia using information provided by the patient and an informant. A global CDR score is generated to stage the severity of dementia. It is based on ratings of the patient’s functioning in six domains commonly affected in Alzheimer’s disease (AD): memory, orientation, judgment and problem solving, community affairs, home and hobbies, and personal care. The CDR rates only impairments due to cognitive deficits rather than to physical disability. Based solely on clinical information obtained from the patient and informant, and without reference to psychometric performance, a box score describing the level of impairment is generated for each domain. The box score ranges from 0 to 3, representing “none” to “severe” impairment. Using a scoring algorithm, one of five possible stages is then derived...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References and Readings
Cortes, F., Nourhashémi, F., Guérin, O., Cantet, C., Gillette-Guyonnet, S., Andrieu, S., et al. (2008). Prognosis of Alzheimer’s disease today: A two-year prospective study in 686 patients from the REAL-FR study. Alzheimer’s and Dementia, 4(1), 22–29.
Dooneief, G., Marder, K., Tang, M. X., & Stern, Y. (1996). The Clinical Dementia Rating scale: community-based validation of ‘profound’ and ‘terminal’ stages. Neurology, 46, 1746–1749.
Gelb, D. J., & St. Laurent, R. T. (1993). Alternative calculation of the global clinical dementia rating. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 7(4), 202–11.
Hughes, C. P., Berg, L., Danziger, W. L., Coben, L. A., & Martin, R. L. (1982). A new clinical scale for the staging of dementia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 566–572.
Juva, K., Sulkava, R., Erkinjuntti, T., & Ylikoski, R. (1995). Usefulness of the Clinical Dementia Rating scale in screening for dementia. International Psychogeriatrics, 7(1), 17–24.
Lim, W. S., Chin, J. J., Lam, C. K., Lim, P. P. J., & Sahadevan, S. (2005). Clinical Dementia Rating: experience of a multi-racial Asian population. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 19(3), 135–142.
Lynch, C., Walsh, C., Blanco, A., Moran, M., Coen, R., Walsh, J., et al. (2006). The clinical dementia rating sum of box score in mild dementia. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 21(1), 40–43.
Marin, D., Flynn, S., Mare, M., Lantz, M., Hsu, M., Laurans, M., et al. (2001). Reliability and validity of a chronic care facility adaptation of the Clinical Dementia Rating scale. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 16(8), 745–750.
Meguro, K., Shimada, M., Yamaguchi, S., Sano, I., Inagaki, H., Matsushita, M., et al. (2004). Neuropsychosocial features of very mild Alzheimer’s Disease (CDR 0.5) and progression to dementia in a community: The Tajiri Project. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 17(4), 183–189.
Morris, J. C. (1993). The clinical dementia rating (CDR): Current version and scoring rules. Neurology, 43(11), 2412–2414.
Oremus, M., Perrault, A., Demers, L., & Wolfson, C. (2000). A review of outcome measurement instruments in Alzheimer’s disease drug trials: Psychometric properties of global scales. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 13(4), 197–205.
Perneczky, R., Hartmann, J., Grimmer, T., Drzezga, A., & Kurz, A. (2007). Cerebral metabolic correlates of the clinical dementia rating scale in mild cognitive impairment. Journal Of Geriatric Psychiatry And Neurology, 20(2), 84–88.
Petersen, R. C., Thomas, R. G., Grundman, M., Bennett, D., Doody, R., Ferris, S., et al. (2005). Vitamin E and Donepezil for the treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment. New England Journal of Medicine, 352(23), 2379–2388.
Saito, Y., & Murayama, S. (2007). Neuropathology of mild cognitive impairment. Neuropathology, 27(6), 578–584.
Schafer, K., Tractenberg, R., Sano, M., Mackell, J., Thomas, R., Gamst, A., et al. (2004). Reliability of monitoring the clinical dementia rating in multicenter clinical trials. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 18(4), 219–222.
Senanarong, V., Chen, C., & Orgogozo, J. (2006). Third Asia-Pacific Regional Meeting of the International Working Group on Harmonization of Dementia Drug Guidelines: Meeting Report Summary. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 20(4), 311–312.
Tractenberg, R., Schafer, K., & Morris, J. (2001). Interobserver disagreements on clinical dementia rating assessment: Interpretation and implications for training. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 15(3), 155–161.
Xiang, Z., Haroutunian, V., Ho, L., Purohit, D., & Pasinetti, G. M. (2006). Microglia activation in the brain as inflammatory biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology and clinical dementia. Disease Markers, 22(1–2), 95–102.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this entry
Cite this entry
Tan, J.E., Strauss, E., Sherman, E.M.S. (2011). Clinical Dementia Rating. In: Kreutzer, J.S., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_533
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_533
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-79947-6
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-79948-3
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science