Definition
T scores are commonly used for neuropsychological normative data. A T score is a special type of standard score. T scores result from a transformation of raw scores to standard scores. The formula for a standard score (i.e., a z score) is provided below.
where:
x is a raw score to be standardized.
M is the mean of the normative sample.
SD is the standard deviation of the normative sample.
T scores have a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Standard z scores can be converted to T scores using the formula below.
(e.g., z = −1, T = 40; z = 1, T = 60)
Current Knowledge
For ease of communication in clinical reports, T scores can be converted to percentile ranks. The percentile rank represents the percentage of scores in a frequency distribution that are lower than the obtained score (e.g., the 50th percentile means that 50% of...
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Brooks, B. L., Strauss, E., Sherman, E. M. S., Iverson, G. L., & Slick, D. J. (2009). Developments in neuropsychological assessment: Refining psychometric and clinical interpretive methods. Canadian Psychology, 50, 196–209.
Heaton, R. K., Grant, I., & Matthews, C. G. (1991). Comprehensive norms for an extended Halstead-Reitan Battery: Demographic corrections, research findings, and clinical applications. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
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Iverson, G.L. (2011). T Scores. In: Kreutzer, J.S., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_1254
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