Allocentric and Egocentric Spatial Representations: Definitions, Distinctions, and Interconnections

Abstract

Although the literatures on human spatial cognition and animal navigation often make distinctions between egocentric and allocentric (also called exocentric or geocentric) representations, the terms have not generally been well defined. This chapter begins by making formal distinctions between three kinds of representations: allocentric locational, egocentric locational, and allocentric heading representations. These distinctions are made in the context of whole-body navigation (as contrasted, e.g., with manipulation). They are made on the basis of primitive parameters specified by each representation, and the representational distinctions are further supported by work on brain mechanisms used for animal navigation. From the assumptions about primitives, further inferences are made as to the kind of information each representation potentially makes available. Empirical studies of how well people compute primitive and derived spatial parameters are briefly reviewed. Finally, the chapter addresses what representations humans may use for processing spatial information during physical and imagined movement, and work on imagined updating of spatial position is used to constrain the connectivity among representations.

Chapter prepared for conference on Raumkognition, Trier, Germany, September 1997. The author acknowledges support of Grant 9740 from the National Eye Institute for the study of Klatzky et al. (in press). This work has benefited from extensive discussions of spatial cognition with Jack Loomis.