Regular ArticleSwitching between the Forest and the Trees: Brain Systems Involved in Local/Global Changed-Level Judgments
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2021, Vision ResearchCitation Excerpt :Interference is greater when irrelevant information is presented at an individual’s more dominant level, than at their less dominant level (Farran et al., 2003). In divided attention Navon tasks, studies with adults have identified an accuracy or RT cost on switch trials compared with stay trials while attentional resources are shifted from one level to the other (Katagiri et al., 2013; Wilkinson, Halligan, Marshall, Büchel, & Dolan, 2001). Although this has not been investigated in children, a divided attention study with a different proportion of global responses in each block, creating a response bias, found no effect of bias on 6-year-olds but there was an effect in the older age groups (Kovshoff, Iarocci, Shore, & Burack, 2015).
FMRI task parameters influence hemodynamic activity in regions implicated in mental set switching
2013, NeuroImageCitation Excerpt :For example, studies employing tasks requiring both attribute and rule switches, such as card sorting tasks, can use simple stimuli requiring a forced choice option (e.g., Asari et al., 2005) or more complex stimuli which require the participant to choose from several possible options (e.g., Hampshire and Owen, 2006; Monchi et al., 2006; Nagahama et al., 1999). Likewise, experiments can employ response options that require a participant to either continually switch between stimulus–response set mappings (e.g., Crone et al., 2006; Derrfuss et al., 2004; Dove et al., 2000; Rubia et al., 2006; Wilkinson et al., 2001) or select from upwards of four different responses (e.g., Monchi et al., 2006). Paradigms employing these more complex motor response options also increase stimulus–response interference when selecting motor program for the correct response (e.g., Hazeltine et al., 2000; Jiang and Kanwisher, 2003).
Electrophysiological correlates of preparation and implementation for different types of task shifts
2011, Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :In the laboratory, using task-switching paradigms, researchers have investigated the underlying mechanisms involved in a task switch by employing various types of tasks. These tasks have included shifting between relevant dimensions of an object (e.g., Owen et al., 1991; Rogers et al., 2000; Rushworth, et al., 2005), between objects stored in working memory (e.g., Garavan, 1998), between stimulus–response rules (e.g., Cools et al., 2004; Rubinstein et al., 2001; Rushworth et al., 2002), between task-sets (a task-set includes stimulus-sets, response-sets, and the corresponding stimulus–response-mappings; Rogers and Monsell, 1995; Sohn and Anderson, 2001), between different target levels of a hierarchical stimulus (global vs. local aspect of a stimulus; e.g., Wilkinson et al., 2001), between semantic classifications (odd/even vs. vowel/consonant rules; e.g., Rogers and Monsell, 1995), between response modes (e.g., simple vs. choice response; e.g., Koch et al., 2004), and between response modalities (vocal vs. finger vs. foot response; e.g., Philipp and Koch, 2005). The diversity of task-shift types used in laboratory research raises the question of whether the same mechanism underlies the different types of task shifts.
Specific impairments in visual processing following lesion side in hemianopic patients
2010, CortexCitation Excerpt :Coherent with this hypothesis some authors have proposed that LSF conveyed by the magnocellular pathway reach higher order cortical areas (parietal and temporal cortices) more rapidly than HSF conveyed by the parvocellular pathway (for further details, see Bullier, 2001). Moreover, numerous behavioural and functional imagery studies using lateralized presentation of altered visual stimuli among healthy individuals as well as brain-damaged patients indicated that there could be a hemispheric asymmetry for LSF and HSF processing (Fink et al., 1996, 1997, 2000; Heinze et al., 1998; Robertson et al., 1988; Sergent, 1982; Wilkinson et al., 2001; Yamaguchi et al., 2000). These data revealed a left visual field/right hemisphere advantage for LSF yet a right visual field/left hemisphere advantage for HSF.