Regular ArticleCounterfactual Syllogistic Reasoning in Normal 4-Year-Olds, Children with Learning Disabilities, and Children with Autism☆,☆☆
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Feelings of regret and disappointment in adults with high-functioning autism
2014, CortexCitation Excerpt :The emphasis on between-option counterfactuals invokes the notion that regret depends upon the personal sense of blame or feeling responsible for bad decisions, and that the sense of responsibility, induced from such specific counterfactual thinking, amplifies the feelings associated with a regretful event (Frijda, Kuipers, & ter Schure, 1989; Zeelenberg, van Dijk, & Manstead, 1998; Zeelenberg, van Dijk, Manstead, & van der Pligt, 1998, Zeelenberg, van Dijk, Manstead, & van der Pligt, 2000). In the present study, the two groups showed similar performance on counterfactual reasoning task, in accordance with previous research showing intact reasoning abilities in individuals with HFA (Begeer, Terwogt, Lunenburg, & Stegge, 2009; Leevers & Harris, 2000; Scott, Baron-Cohen, & Leslie, 1999). This finding is of particular importance because it allows us to discount the hypothesis that impaired inferential reasoning would account for group difference in emotional awareness.
Evaluating information processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder: The case for Fuzzy Trace Theory
2014, Developmental ReviewCitation Excerpt :However, the addition of instruction to use imagery produced interference in their reasoning process, resulting in lower performance in this condition. Leevers and Harris (2000) similarly observed that children with ASD benefitted less from instructions to use imagery to enhance the fantasy context of a situation and guide reasoning than typically-developing children, and that they struggled to draw inferences about counterfactuals presented in the problem. The general conclusion we draw from this body of work is that individuals with ASD possess the capacity for complex analogical reasoning, but that tasks requiring integration of gist-based conceptual representations with verbal presentation of information create a situation under which performance is impaired.
Supporting children's counterfactual thinking with alternative modes of responding
2011, Journal of Experimental Child PsychologyCitation Excerpt :The Sheep and Fish syllogism trials were also taken from Beck and colleagues (2009). Children were told that the stories might sound a bit funny, but they were to pretend that they were true (see Leevers & Harris, 2000). For each syllogism, children were first asked a factual check question (e.g., “What color are sheep?”).
Typical and Atypical Child and Adolescent Development 4: Cognition, Intelligence and Learning
2022, Typical and Atypical Child and Adolescent Development 4: Cognition, Intelligence and LearningAutistic Adults are Not Impaired at Maintaining or Switching Between Counterfactual and Factual Worlds: An ERP Study
2022, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
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This research was supported by a postgraduate award from the Medical Research Council, UK, to H.J.L. and by a grant (R000 22 1174) from the Economic and Social Research Council, UK, to P.L.H. The work was submitted in partial fulfillment of a doctorate in Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, by H.J.L., and was also presented in a poster at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Washington, DC (April 1997). We thank the staff, parents, and children at The Chinnor Units, Iffley Mead School, and St. Nicholas First School for their interest and participation; Sarah-Anne Maxwell for her help and enthusiasm in testing eight of the children with autism; and Eric Amsel and three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and thorough comments.
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Address correspondence and reprint requests to Hilary J. Leevers, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Aidekman Research Center, Rutgers University, 197, University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102. E-mail: [email protected].