Regular ArticleThe Development of Differential Use of Inner and Outer Face Features in Familiar Face Identification
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A face is more than just the eyes, nose, and mouth: fMRI evidence that face-selective cortex represents external features
2019, NeuroImageCitation Excerpt :Our results also shed light on developmental and adult psychophysical literatures investigating the role of external features in face recognition. These literatures suggest that humans use external features from infancy (Slater et al., 2000; Turati et al., 2006), and continue to do so across development, albeit with an increasing tendency to rely on internal over external features (Campbell and Tuck, 1995; Campbell et al., 1995; Want et al., 2003). Additional work in adults has shown a similar shift in the reliance on internal features as faces become more familiar (Ellis et al., 1979; O'Donnell and Bruce, 2001).
Face recognition in schizophrenia disorder: A comprehensive review of behavioral, neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies
2015, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsCitation Excerpt :For instance, it has been suggested that children rely more on featural information to process faces and start to rely on configural information at the age of 10 (Carey and Diamond, 1977). Further evidence, however, challenges this theory by showing that configural processing has also been found in children aged 4–10 years old (Baenninger, 1994; Campbell et al., 1995; Pascalis et al., 2001; Taylor et al., 2004) or even earlier (Cohen and Cashon, 2001; Turati et al., 2004). Both newborns and older children seem to be capable of discriminating between similar faces (Kelly et al., 2009; Turati et al., 2008), recognizing faces that were previously learned in a different view (Kelly et al., 2009; Turati et al., 2008) and also recognizing both external and internal facial features (Turati et al., 2006).
An adaptation study of internal and external features in facial representations
2014, Vision ResearchCitation Excerpt :This suggests that whole-face processing tends to reduce regional disparities in the contribution of local facial parts, perhaps indicating another facet of face-expert processing mechanisms. Increasing dependence on internal features may be one of the markers of acquisition of perceptual expertise with faces, with studies suggesting an emphasis on internal features becoming apparent at around aged 9 years (Campbell, Walker, & Baroncohen, 1995; Want et al., 2003), and in adults, the degree of attention and fixation on internal features is correlated with the ability to recognise faces (Fletcher, Butavicius, & Lee, 2008). Evidence for superiority of internal over external features comes from a variety of approaches.
The role of inner and outer face parts in holistic processing: A developmental study
2014, Acta PsychologicaCitation Excerpt :Furthermore, studies employing similar techniques to the current task have failed to observe feature-type asymmetries when comparing inner and outer isolated face (e.g. Want, Pascalis, Coleman, & Blades, 2003). Developmental studies however, have shown that while children under 7-years of age recognise familiar faces more accurately from outer rather than inner features, children above 7-years of age demonstrate the opposite effects thus echoing the adult results demonstrated by Young et al. (e.g. Campbell & Tuck, 1995; Campbell, Walker, & Baron-Cohen, 1995; Campbell et al., 1999). However, using a 2AFC procedure similar to the one used in the present study, Want et al. (2003) examined whole, inner, and outer unfamiliar face recognition with 5-, 7-, and 9-year old children and adults, and reported that all participants recognised outer faces faster and more accurately than inner faces.