The Demonstration of Short-Term Consolidation

doi:10.1006/cogp.1998.0684

Cognitive Psychology

Volume 36, Issue 2, July 1998, Pages 138-202

https://doi.org/10.1006/cogp.1998.0684 Get rights and content

Abstract

In a dual-task paradigm, a visual display (T₁) containing characters (letters or symbols) was presented first, followed by an auditory signal (T₂) at various stimulus-onset asynchronies (SOAs). A speeded response to T₂was required. When the information in T₁had to be recalled later, response times to T₂(RT₂) were elevated at short SOAs and decreased as SOA was increased. The effects on RT₂were larger when there were more items to be remembered. We interpreted the results as evidence that encoding information into short-term memory (STM) involves a distinct process, which we call short-term consolidation (STC). The results suggested that STC has limited capacity and that it requires central processing mechanisms. Additional evidence suggested that no memory for T₁was formed in STM when STC was not engaged.

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^☆

This work was supported by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We thank Marg Ingleton for technical assistance.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Pierre Jolicœur, Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1. Fax: 519-746-8631. E-mail:[email protected]. Web: http://www.cgl.uwaterloo.ca/∼pjolicoe.

^☆☆: K. W. Spence

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Regular ArticleThe Demonstration of Short-Term Consolidation☆,☆☆

Abstract

Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior

Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior

Acta Psychologica

Cognitive Psychology

Cognition

Acta Psychologica

Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Psychology

Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes

Psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory

The control of short-term memory

Scientific American

Working memory

Exploring the articulatory loop

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

Central intermittency 20 years later

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

Refractory period of c-reactions

Journal of Experimental Psychology

Pathways in early vision

A two-stage model for multiple target detection in rapid serial visual presentation

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance

Iconic memory and visible persistence

Perception & Psychophysics

Visual information-processing

Sensory memory: A tutorial review

Processing capacity in a letter-match task

Journal of Experimental Psychology

The role of “attention” in the psychological refractory period

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

Multiple bottlenecks in overlapping task performance

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance

Preparatory strategies in overlapping-task performance

Perception & Psychophysics

Perceptual interference between spatially separated sequential displays

Canadian Journal of Psychology

Attention and interference in the perception of brief visual displays

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance

The locus of interference in the perception of simultaneous stimuli

Psychological Review

Perceptual selection based on alphanumeric class: Evidence from partial reports

Perception & Psychophysics

Direct measurement of attentional dwell time in human vision

Nature

Resource allocation and the demands of letter encoding

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

Chronometric evidence for two types of attention

Psychological Science

Modulation of the attentional blink by on-line response selection: Evidence from speeded and unspeeded Task1

Memory & Cognition

Mental rotation, physical rotation, and input channels in vision

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance

Regular Article
The Demonstration of Short-Term Consolidation☆,☆☆

Modulation of the attentional blink by on-line response selection: Evidence from speeded and unspeeded Task₁