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Gepubliceerd in: GZ - Psychologie 1/2014

01-02-2014 | Wetenschap

Kenmerken van psychotherapie integratie bij depressieve ouderen

Auteurs: Drs. N.H.M. Cloosterman, Drs. A.J. Laan, Prof. dr. S.P.J. van Alphen

Gepubliceerd in: GZ - Psychologie | Uitgave 1/2014

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Samenvatting

Achtergrond

Onderzoek naar verschillende psychotherapieën heeft uitgewezen dat zij een effectieve behandeling zijn voor depressie bij ouderen en volwassenen. Een grote groep oudere patiënten moet ondanks het volgen van deze effectief bewezen therapieën nog steeds gaan profiteren van behandeling. Psychotherapie Integratie (PI) wordt gedefinieerd als een psychotherapeutische benadering waarbij overbruggende principes uit verschillende psychotherapeutische scholen worden samengebracht en waarin diverse theorieën en technieken geïntegreerd worden. Hoewel CGT en IPT op basis van resultaten van gerandomiseerde gecontroleerde en andere semi-experimentele interventie-onderzoeken op dit moment gelden als voorkeursbehandelingen, lijkt PI op basis van klinische ervaringen bij depressieve ouderen meer succesvol. Niettemin is er weinig tot geen empirische evidentie over de effectiviteit en specifieke componenten van PI.

Doel

Het doel van deze studie is te komen tot een gedetailleerde beschrijving van het gebruik van PI in de behandeling van depressieve ouderen.

Methode

Onder 24 Nederlandse experts werd met 52 stellingen over leeftijdsgerelateerde factoren, unieke factoren en interventies van PI in de behandeling van depressieve ouderen een Delphi-studie uitgevoerd. De Delphi-methode is een gestructureerde techniek waarbij door middel van vragenronden getracht wordt te komen tot consensus binnen een panel van deskundigen door de mening van experts aan te scherpen en te verfijnen.

Resultaten

In deze Delphi-studie werd consensus bereikt op 34 van de 52 stellingen. De experts bevestigden dat PI bestaat uit leeftijdgebonden en unieke factoren, zoals negatieve levensgebeurtenissen, somatische ziekte, cognitieve stoornissen, persoonlijkheidskenmerken, rouw, slaapstoornissen, eerdere depressie en functionele veranderingen. Gehanteerde normen en waarden, schaamte en schuldgevoel over relationele problemen, het veranderende levensperspectief kwamen naar voren als belangrijke therapeutische variabelen. Systemische, cognitiefgedragstherapeutische en cliëntgerichte benaderingen zijn volgens de experts de meest toegepaste therapeutische technieken.

Conclusie

Op basis van expertoordeel blijkt PI een essentiële multidisciplinaire behandelvorm voor depressieve ouderen. Leeftijdsgerelateerde en unieke karakteristieken alsmede therapeutische technieken werden geëxpliciteerd. Suggesties voor vervolgonderzoek zijn kruisvalidatie van de 52 Delphi-stellingen in internationaal perspectief en vervolgens interventieonderzoek om de meerwaarde van PI verder te onderbouwen.
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Metagegevens
Titel
Kenmerken van psychotherapie integratie bij depressieve ouderen
Auteurs
Drs. N.H.M. Cloosterman
Drs. A.J. Laan
Prof. dr. S.P.J. van Alphen
Publicatiedatum
01-02-2014
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Gepubliceerd in
GZ - Psychologie / Uitgave 1/2014
Print ISSN: 1879-5080
Elektronisch ISSN: 1879-5099
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41480-014-0003-8

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