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01-01-2015 | Original Article

Is it really search or just matching? The influence of Goodness, number of stimuli and presentation sequence in same–different tasks

Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research | Uitgave 1/2015

Abstract

The Goodness of Garner dot patterns has been shown to influence same–different response times in a specific way, which has led to the formulation of a memory search model of pattern comparison. In this model, the space of possible variations of each pattern is searched separately for each pattern in the comparison, resulting in faster response times for patterns that have fewer alternatives. Compared to an alternative explanation based on stimulus encoding plus mental rotation, however, the existing data strongly favor this explanation. To obtain a more constraining set of data to distinguish between the two possible accounts, we extended the original paradigm to a situation in which participants needed to compare three, rather than two patterns and varied the way the stimuli were presented (simultaneously or sequentially). Our findings suggest that neither the memory search nor the encoding plus mental rotation model provides a complete description of the data, and that the effects of Goodness must be understood in a combination of both mechanisms, or in terms of cascades processing.

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For the estimation of the mental rotation time, the ESS = 4 response times were used, but this is an arbitrary choice. Other possibilities would have been the average of the ESS = 4 and ESS = 8 differences or an estimate based on the IM, CM and NM response times.

Note that in its current form, the encoding + mental rotation model uses more free parameters than the memory search model, namely three parameters for the encoding time and an additional parameter for the mental rotation time. The memory search model only uses two parameters to fit the search steps to response time (the intercept and slope). The number of parameters for the encoding + mental rotation model can be reduced using a linear function of the ESS category to estimate the encoding time.

Under parallel processing, effects such as statistical facilitation may occur, if the response is determined by the process to complete first.

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Titel: Is it really search or just matching? The influence of Goodness, number of stimuli and presentation sequence in same–different tasks
Publicatiedatum: 01-01-2015
Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research / Uitgave 1/2015
Print ISSN: 0340-0727
Elektronisch ISSN: 1430-2772
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-013-0529-1

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