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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

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04-12-2019

Interpretation Biases and Childhood Anxiety: The Moderating Role of Parasympathetic Nervous System Reactivity

Auteurs: Erika S. Trent, Andres G. Viana, Elizabeth M. Raines, Emma C. Woodward, Abigail E. Candelari, Eric A. Storch, Michael J. Zvolensky

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 3/2020

Abstract

This investigation examined vagal modulation of arousal, as indexed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), as a moderator of the covariance between interpretation biases and anxiety disorder symptom severity in a diverse sample of clinically anxious youth. A sample of 105 children with anxiety disorders (M_age = 10.07 years, SD = 1.22; range = 8–12 years; 57.1% female; 61.9% ethnic minority) and their mothers completed a battery of measures assessing interpretation biases and anxiety disorder symptom severity. Children also completed a behaviorally-indexed assessment of interpretation biases and participated in an anxiety-provoking speech task. Physiological assessment of RSA was collected at baseline (i.e., baseline RSA) and during the speech task (i.e., challenge RSA). The interaction between challenge RSA and both self-reported and behaviorally-indexed interpretation biases (adjusting for baseline RSA) was significant (ΔR² = .05 and .04 respectively) in relation to maternal report of child anxiety symptoms. Specifically, among children with low (vs. high) challenge RSA, greater self-reported interpretation biases were significantly associated with maternal report of more severe child anxiety symptoms, and greater behaviorally-indexed interpretation biases were marginally associated with maternal report of more severe child anxiety. Interactions predicting child self-report of anxiety symptoms were not significant. Greater child interpretation biases coupled with lower challenge RSA were associated with maternal report of more severe child anxiety symptoms. Future work should examine whether interventions targeting RSA weaken the association between interpretation biases and anxiety symptoms in youth.

vorige artikel School-Based Treatment for Anxiety Research Study (STARS): a Randomized Controlled Effectiveness Trial

volgende artikel Integrating Beck’s Cognitive Theory of Depression and the Hopelessness Model in an Adolescent Sample

Given the absence of empirical data that show that interpretation biases directly alter physiological responses, as well as prior work suggesting that RSA may moderate—rather than mediate—the relationship between interpretation biases and child anxiety symptom severity (Buss et al. 2018; Viana et al. 2017), RSA mediation of interpretation biases-child anxiety associations was not examined.

Regression analyses reported in Table 2 were also conducted with baseline RSA and RSA suppression (i.e., the difference between baseline RSA and challenge RSA), respectively, as moderators. Baseline RSA significantly moderated the association between interpretation biases and maternal report of child anxiety (B = −0.08, SE = 0.04, t [100] = −2.01, 95% CI [−0.16, −0.001]; ΔR² = .04, F [1, 100] = 4.06, p = .047), but not child self-reported anxiety (p = .757). RSA suppression did not moderate the associations between interpretation biases and either maternal report of or child self-reported child anxiety (ps = .732 and .126, respectively).

Regression analyses reported in Table 3 were also conducted with baseline RSA and RSA suppression (i.e., the difference between baseline RSA and challenge RSA), respectively, as moderators. Baseline RSA significantly moderated the association between interpretation biases and maternal report of child anxiety (B = −8.76, SE = 4.14, t [100] = −2.12, 95% CI [−16.98, −0.55]; ΔR² = .04, F [1, 100] = 4.48, p = .037), but not child self-reported anxiety (p = .787). RSA suppression did not moderate the associations between interpretation biases and either maternal report or child self-reported child anxiety (ps = .892 and .227, respectively).

One-way ANOVAs revealed statistically significant differences among three study variables as a function of child diagnosis source (i.e., mother-and-child, mother-only, child-only), namely: self-reported interpretation biases (F [2, 102] = 4.46, p = .014), child self-reported anxiety (F [2, 102] = 11.33, p < .001), and maternal report of child anxiety (F [2, 102] = 5.83, p = .004). Tukey HSD post-hoc comparisons revealed that children with diagnoses sourced by both child and mother self-reported the greatest interpretation biases; children with diagnoses sourced by the mother-only self-reported the least severe anxiety; and children with diagnoses sourced by child-only had the least severe maternal reports of child anxiety. As a result, moderation analyses reported in Tables 2 and 3 were also conducted controlling for the source of the child’s anxiety disorder diagnosis. Results were very similar (i.e., the same pattern of results, including the graphs of the moderation analyses, was obtained); however, simple slopes analyses at −1 SD of challenge RSA did not reach conventional levels of statistical significance in the model examining behaviorally-indexed interpretation biases in relation to maternal report of child anxiety, most likely because of the corresponding reduction in statistical power with the inclusion of one additional covariate. We thank an anonymous reviewer for suggesting these additional analyses.

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Titel: Interpretation Biases and Childhood Anxiety: The Moderating Role of Parasympathetic Nervous System Reactivity
Auteurs: Erika S. Trent
Andres G. Viana
Elizabeth M. Raines
Emma C. Woodward
Abigail E. Candelari
Eric A. Storch
Michael J. Zvolensky
Publicatiedatum: 04-12-2019
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 3/2020
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-019-00605-7

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