Top

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

Gepubliceerd in:

01-01-2015

Interaction of Adrenocortical Activity and Autonomic Arousal on Children’s Externalizing and Internalizing Behavior Problems

Auteurs: Frances R. Chen, Adrian Raine, Liana Soyfer, Douglas A. Granger

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 1/2015

Abstract

The psychobiology of stress involves two major components, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Research has revealed the association between behavior problems and the psychobiology of stress, yet findings are inconsistent and few studies have addressed the moderate correlations between behavior problems. This study examines the individual and interactive effects of HPA and ANS on child behavior problems while taking into account the comorbidity of externalizing and internalizing problems. Four saliva samples were collected from each participant in a community sample (N = 429; aged 11–12 years; 50.49 % male), which were assayed for cortisol (HPA) and alpha-amylase, sAA (ANS). Children’s behavior problems were assessed using parent-report and self-report versions of the Child Behavior Checklist. Latent variables were constructed to represent trait-like individual differences in cortisol and sAA. Low levels of HPA axis activity were associated with higher levels of both externalizing and internalizing problems, but only among children with low ANS arousal. The association between externalizing and internalizing problems diminished to non-significant after taking into account the influence of HPA axis activity and ANS arousal, which suggests that the psychobiology of stress explains a fair proportion of comorbidity of behavior problems. The findings support that interaction between HPA axis and ANS functioning has potential to clarify prior mixed findings and advance our understanding of the child behavior problems.

vorige artikel The Impact of Chronic Physical Illness, Maternal Depressive Symptoms, Family Functioning, and Self-esteem on Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Children

Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.

Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Alink, L. R. A., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakerman-Kranenburg, M. J., Mesman, J., Juffer, F., & Koot, H. M. (2008). Cortisol and externalizing behavior in children and adolescents: mixed meta-analytic evidence for the inverse relation of basal cortisol and cortisol reactivity with externalizing behavior. Developmental Psychobiology, 50, 427–450.PubMed

Alink, L. R. A., Cicchetti, D., Kim, J., & Rogosch, F. A. (2012). Longitudinal associations among child maltreatment, social functioning, and cortisol regulation. Developmental Psychology, 48, 224–236.PubMedCentralPubMed

Allwood, M. A., Handwerger, K., Kivlighan, K. T., Granger, D. A., & Stroud, L. R. (2011). Direct and moderating links of salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol stress-reactivity to youth behavioral and emotional adjustment. Biological Psychology, 88, 57–64.PubMedCentralPubMed

Azar, R., Zoccolillo, M., Paquette, D., Quiros, E., Baltzer, F., & Tremblay, R. E. (2004). Cortisol levels and conduct disorder in adolescent mothers. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 461–468.PubMed

Badanes, L. S., Watamura, S. E., & Hankin, B. L. (2011). Hypocortisolism as a potential marker of allostatic load in children: associations with family risk and internalizing disorders. Development and Psychopathology, 23, 881–896.PubMedCentralPubMed

Bauer, A. M., Quas, J. A., & Boyce, W. T. (2002). Associations between physiological reactivity and children’s behavior: advantages of a multisystem approach. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 23(2), 102–113.PubMed

Beidel, D. C. (1991). Determining the reliability of psycho-physiological assessment in childhood anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 5, 139–150.

Booth, A., Granger, D. A., & Shirtcliff, E. A. (2008). Gender- and age- related differences in the association between social relationship quality and trait-levels of salivary cortisol. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 18, 239–260.

Bosch, J. A., de Geus, E. J., Veerman, E. C., Hoogstraten, J., & Nieuw-Amerongen, A. V. (2003). Innate secretory immunity in response to laboratory stressors that evoke distinct patterns of cardiac autonomic activity. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 245–258.PubMed

Brennan, P. A., Raine, A., Schulsinger, F., Kirkegaard-Sorenson, L., Knop, J., Hutchings, B., & Mednick, S. A. (1997). Psychophysiological protective factors for male subjects at high risk for criminal behavior. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 853–855.PubMed

Cannon, W. B. (1914). The interrelations of emotions as suggested by recent physiological researches. American Journal of Psychology, 25, 256–282.

Chatterton, R. T., Jr., Vogelsong, K. M., Lu, Y. C., Ellman, A. B., & Hudgens, G. A. (1996). Salivary alpha-amylase as a measure of endogenous adrenergic activity. Clinical Physiology, 16, 433–448.PubMed

Chrousos, G. P., & Gold, P. W. (1992). The concepts of stress system disorders: overview of behavioral and physical homeostasis. JAMA, 267, 1244–1252.PubMed

Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. A. (2001). The impact of child maltreatment and psychopathology on neuroendocrine functioning. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 783–804.PubMed

Cicchetti, D., Rogosch, F. A., Gunnar, M. R., & Toth, S. L. (2010). The differential impacts of early physical and sexual abuse and internalizing problems on daytime cortisol rhythm in school-aged children. Child Development, 81, 252–269.PubMedCentralPubMed

Cole, P., Zahn-Waxler, C., Fox, N., Usher, B., & Welsh, J. (1996). Individual differences in emotion regulation and behavior problems in preschool children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 518–529.PubMed

Davis, E. P., Donzella, B., Krueger, W. K., & Gunnar, M. R. (1999). The start of a new school year: individual differences in salivary cortisol response in relation to child temperament. Developmental Psychobiology, 35, 188–196.PubMed

De Bellis, M. D. (2001). Developmental traumatology: the psychobiological development of maltreated children and its implications for research, treatment, and policy. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 539–564.PubMed

de Vries-Bouw, M., Jansen, L., Vermeiren, R., Doreleijeers, T., van de Ven, P., & Popma, A. (2012). Concurrent attenuated reactivity of alpha-amylase and cortisol is related to disruptive behavior in male adolescents. Hormones and Behavior, 62, 77–85.PubMed

Dierckx, B., Dieleman, G., Tulen, J. H. M., Treffers, P. D. A., Utens, E. M. W. J., Verhulst, F. C., & Tiemeier, H. (2012). Persistence of anxiety disorders and concomitant changes in cortisol. Journal of Anxiety Disorder, 26, 635–641.

El-Sheikh, M., Erath, S. A., Buckhalt, J. A., Granger, D. A., & Mize, J. (2008). Cortisol and children’s adjustment: the moderating role of sympathetic nervous system activity. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36, 601–611.PubMed

Folkow, B. (1985). Stress and blood pressure in adrenergic blood pressure regulation. In W. H. Birkenhager, B. Folkow, & H. A. J. Struykeer (Eds.), Current clinical practice series (pp. 87–93). Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica.

Frankenhaeuser, M., Lundberg, U., & Forsman, L. (1980). Dissociation between sympathetic-adrenal and pituitary-adrenal responses to an achievement situation characterized by high controllability: comparison between type a and type B males and females. Biological Psychology, 10, 79–91.PubMed

Fries, E., Hesse, J., Hellhammer, J., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2005). A new view on hypocortisolism. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 30, 1010–1016.PubMed

Gao, Y., Raine, A., Venables, P. H., Dawson, M. E., & Mednick, S. A. (2010a). Association of poor childhood fear conditioning and adult crime. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 56–60.PubMed

Gao, Y., Raine, A., Venables, P. H., Dawson, M. E., & Mednick, S. A. (2010b). Reduced electrodermal fear conditioning from ages 3 to 8 years is associated with aggressive behavior at age 8 years. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 550–558.PubMedCentralPubMed

Goenjian, A. A., Yehuda, R., Pynoos, R. S., Steinberg, A. M., Tashjian, M., Yang, R. K., Najarian, L. M., & Fairbanks, L. A. (1996). Basal cortisol, dexamethasone suppression of cortisol, and MHPG in adolescents after the 1988 earthquake in Armenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 929–934.PubMed

Gordis, E. B., Granger, D. A., Susman, E. J., & Trickett, P. K. (2006). Asymmetry between salivary cortisol and α-amylase reactivity to stress: relation to aggressive behavior in adolescents. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 31, 976–987.PubMed

Granger, D. A., Kivlighan, K. T., El-Sheikh, M., Gordis, E. B., & Stroud, L. R. (2007). Salivary alpha-amylase in biobehavioral research: recent developments and applications. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1098, 122–144.PubMed

Granger, D. A., Hibel, L. C., Fortunato, C. K., & Kapelewski, C. H. (2009). Medication effects on salivary cortisol: tactics and strategy to minimize impact in behavioral and developmental science. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34, 1437–1448.PubMed

Granger, D. A., Fortunato, C. K., Beltzer, E. K., Virag, M., Bright, M. A., & Out, D. (2012). Focus on methodology: salivary bioscience and research on adolescence: an integrated perspective. Journal of Adolescence, 35, 1081–1095.PubMed

Gunnar, M. R., & Quevedo, K. (2007). The neurobiology of stress and development. Annual Reviews of Psychology, 58, 145–173.

Gunnar, M. R., & Vazquez, D. M. (2001). Low cortisol and a flattening of expected daytime rhythm: potential indices of risk in human development. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 515–538.PubMed

Gurguis, G. N., Mefford, I. N., & Uhde, T. W. (1991). Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical activity in panic disorder: relationship to plasma catecholamine metabolites. Biological Psychiatry, 30(5), 502–506.PubMed

Harrison, L., & Turpin, G. (2003). Implicit memory bias and trait-like anxiety: a psychophysiological analysis. Biological Psychology, 62, 97–114.PubMed

Hart, J., Gunnar, M., & Cicchetti, D. (1995). Salivary cortisol in maltreated children: evidence of relations between neuroendocrine activity and social competence. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 11–26.

Heim, U., Ehlert, D. H., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2000). The potential role of hypocortisolism in pathophysiology of stress related bodily disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 25, 1–35.PubMed

Hellhammer, D., & Wade, S. (1993). Endocrine correlates of stress vulnerability. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 60, 8–17.PubMed

Hellhammer, D. H., Kirschbaum, C., & Belkien, L. (1987). Measurement of salivary cortisol under psychological stimulation. In J. N. Hingtgen, D. H. Hellhammer, & G. Huppmann (Eds.), Advanced methods in psychobiology (pp. 281–289). Toronto: Hogrefe.

Henry, J. P. (1993). Biological basis of the stress response. Physiology, 8, 69–73.

Jaccard, J., Wan, C. K., & Turrisi, R. (1990). The detection and interpretation of interaction effects between continuous variables in multiple regression. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25, 467–478.

Jaffee, S. R., Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2002). Influence of adult domestic violence on children’s externalizing and internalizing problems: an environmentally informative twin study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42(9), 1095–1103.

Johnson, S. B., Riley, A. W., Granger, D. A., & Riis, J. (2013). The science of early life toxic stress for pediatric practice and advocacy. Pediatrics, 131, 319–27.PubMedCentralPubMed

Kagan, J. (1994). Galen’s prophecy: temperament in human nature. New York: Basic Books.

Kagan, J., Reznick, J. S., & Snidman, N. (1988). Biological bases of childhood shyness. Science, 240, 167–171.PubMed

Kaufman, J. (1991). Depressive disorders in maltreated children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 257–265.PubMed

Kenny, D. A., & Zautra, A. (2001). Trait-state models for longitudinal data. In L. M. Collins & A. G. Sayer (Eds.), New methods for the analysis of change (pp. 243–263). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Kertes, D. A., Gunnar, M. R., Madsen, N. J., & Long, J. D. (2008). Early deprivation and home basal cortisol levels: a study of internationally adopted children. Development and Psychopathology, 20(2), 473–491.PubMed

Kessler, R. C., & Wang, P. S. (2008). The descriptive epidemiology of commonly occurring mental disorders in the United States. Annu. RevPublic Health, 29, 115–129.

Kessler, R. C., Adler, L. A., Barkley, R., Biederman, J., Conners, C. K., Faraone, S. V., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2005). Patterns and predictors of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder persistence into adulthood: results from the national comorbidity survey replication. Biological Psychiatry, 57(11), 1442–1451.PubMedCentralPubMed

Kirschbaum, C., & Hellhammer, D. H. (1994). Salivary cortisol in psychoneuroendocrine research: recent developments and applications. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 19, 313–333.PubMed

Kirschbaum, C., Steyer, R., Eid, M., Patalla, U., Schwenkmezger, P., & Hellhammer, D. (1990). Cortisol and behavior: 2. Application of a latent state-trait-like model to salivary cortisol. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 15, 297–307.PubMed

Klimes-Dougan, B., Hastings, P. D., Granger, D. A., Usher, B. A., & Zahn-Waxler, C. (2001). Adrenocortical activity in at risk and normally developing adolescents: individual differences in salivary cortisol basal levels, diurnal variation, and responses to social challenges. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 695–719.PubMed

Liu, J., Richmond, T. S., Raine, A., Cheney, R., Brodkin, E. S., Gur, R. C., & Gur, R. E. (2013). The healthy brains and behavior study: objectives, design, recruitment, and population coverage. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 22(3), 204–216.

Lopez-Duran, N. L., Kovacs, M., & George, C. J. (2009). Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation in depressed children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34, 1272–1283.PubMedCentralPubMed

Lorber, M. F. (2004). Psychophysiology of aggression, psychopathy, and conduct problems: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 531–552.PubMed

Lösel, F., & Farrington, D. P. (2012). Direct protective and buffering protective factors in the development of youth violence. American Journal of Preventitive Medicine, 43, S8–S23.

Lovallo, W. R., & Thomas, T. L. (2000). Stress hormones in psychophysiological research: emotional, behavioral, and cognitive implications. In J. T. Cacioppo, L. G. Tassinary, & G. G. Bernston (Eds.), Handbook of psychophysiology (2nd ed., pp. 342–367). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Lundberg, U., & Frankenhaeuser, M. (1980). Pituitary-adrenal and sympathetic-adrenal correlates of distress and effort. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 24, 125–130.PubMed

McBurnett, K., Lahey, B. B., Rathouz, P. J., & Loeber, R. (2000). Low salivary cortisol and persistent aggression in boys referred for disruptive behavior. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 38–43.PubMed

McBurnett, K., Raine, A., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Loeber, R., Kumar, A. M., Kumar, M., & Lahey, B. B. (2005). Mood and hormone responses to psychological challenge in adolescent males with conduct problems. Biological Psychiatry, 57(10), 1109–1116.PubMed

McEwen, B. S. (1998). Stress adaptation, and disease: Allostasis and allostatic load. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 840, 33–44.PubMed

Muthén, B. (2012). Latent variable interactions. Statmodel.com. Retrieved July 19, 2013, from http://www.statmodel.com/download/LV%20Interaction.pdf

Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2012). Mplus User’s guide (7th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.

Nater, U. M., & Rohleder, N. (2009). Salivary alpha-amylase as a noninvasive biomarker for the sympathetic nervous system: current state of research. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34(4), 486–496.PubMed

Nater, U. M., Rohleder, N., Gaab, J., Berger, S., Jud, A., Kirschbaum, C., & Ehlert, U. (2005). Human salivary alpha-amylase reactivity in a psychosocial stress paradigm. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 55, 333–342.PubMed

Nock, M. K., & Mendes, W. B. (2008). Physiological arousal, distress tolerance, and social problem-solving deficits among adolescent self-injurers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 28–38.PubMed

Nock, M. K., Kazdin, A. E., Hiripi, E., & Kessler, R. C. (2007). Lifetime prevalence, correlates, and persistence of oppositional defiant disorder: results from the national comorbidity survey replication. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(7), 703–713.PubMed

Nottelmann, E. D., & Jense, P. S. (1995). Comorbidity of disorders in children and adolescents: developmental perspectives. In T. H. Ollendick & R. J. Prinz (Eds.), Advances in clinical child psychology (Vol. 17, pp. 109–155). New York: Plenum Press.

Oosterlaan, J., Geurts, H. M., Knol, D. L., & Sergeant, J. A. (2005). Low basal salivary cortisol is associated with teacher-reported symptoms of conduct disorder. Psychiatry Research, 134, 1–10.PubMed

Ortiz, J., & Raine, A. (2004). Heart rate level and antisocial behavior in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(2), 154–162.PubMed

Out, D., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M., Granger, D. A., Cobbaert, C. M., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2011). State and trait-like variance in salivary alpha-amylase: a behavior genetic study. Biological Psychology, 88, 147–154.PubMed

Out, D., Granger, D. A., Sephton, S. E., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2013). Disentangling sources of individual differences in diurnal salivary alpha-amylase: reliability, stability and sensitivity to context. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38(3), 367.PubMed

Pajer, K., Gardner, W., Rubin, R. T., Perel, J., & Neal, S. (2001). Decreased cortisol levels in adolescent girls with conduct disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 297–302.PubMed

Peters, M. L., Godaert, G. L., Ballieux, R. E., van Vliet, M., Willemsen, J. J., Sweep, F. C. G. J., & Heijnen, C. J. (1998). Cardiovascular and endocrine responses to experimental stress: effects of mental effort and controllability. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23, 1–17.PubMed

Portnoy, J., Chen, F. R., & Raine, A. (2013). Biological protective factors for antisocial and criminal behavior. Journal of Criminal Justice, 41(5), 292–299.

Raine, A. (1993). The psychopathology of crime: criminal behavior as a clinical disorder. San Diego, California: Academic.

Raine, A. (2002). Biosocial studies of antisocial and violent behavior in children and adults: a review. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30, 311–326.PubMed

Raine, A. (2005). The interaction of biological and social measures in the explanation of antisocial and violent behavior. In D. Stoff & E. Susman (Eds.), Developmental psychobiology of aggression (pp. 13–42). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Raine, A., Venables, P. H., & Williams, M. (1995). High autonomic arousal and electrodermal orienting at age 15 years as protective factors against criminal behavior at age 29 years. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 1595–1600.PubMed

Reitz, E., Dekovic, M., & Meijer, A. M. (2006). Relations between parenting and externalizing and internalizing behavior problems in early adolescence: child behavior as moderator and predictor. Journal of Adolescence, 29(3), 419–436.PubMed

Rohleder, N., & Nater, U. M. (2009). Determinants of salivary alphaamylase in humans and methodological considerations. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34(4), 469–485.PubMed

Schmidt, L. A., Fox, N. A., Rubin, K. H., Sternberg, E. M., Gold, P. W., Smith, C. C., & Schulkin, J. (1997). Behavioral and neuroendocrine responses in shy children. Developmental Psychobiology, 30, 127–140.PubMed

Schommer, N. C., Hellhammer, D. H., & Kirschbaum, C. (2003). Dissociation between reactivity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal and the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system to repeated psychosocial stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 450–460.PubMed

Schulkin, J., Gold, P. W., & McEwen, B. S. (1998). Induction of corticotropin-releasing hormone gene expression by glucocorticoids: implication for understanding the states of fear and anxiety and allostatic load. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23, 219–243.PubMed

Shannon, K. E., Beauchaine, T. P., Brenner, S. L., Neuhaus, E., & Gatzke- Kopp, L. (2007). Familial and temperamental predictors of resilience in children at risk for conduct disorder and depression. Development and Psychopathology, 19, 701–727.PubMedCentralPubMed

Shirtcliff, E. A., Granger, D. A., Booth, A., & Johnson, D. (2005). Low salivary cortisol levels and externalizing behavior problems in youth. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 167–184.PubMed

Sijtsema, J. J., Shoulberg, E. K., & Murray-Close, D. (2011). Physiological reactivity and different forms of aggression in girls: Moderating roles of rejection sensitivity and peer rejection. Biological Psychology, 86, 181–192.PubMed

Skosnik, P. D., Chatterton, R. T., Swisher, T., & Park, S. (2000). Modulation of attentional inhibition by norephinephrine and cortisol after psychological stress. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 36, 59–68.PubMed

Smider, N. A., Essex, M. J., Kalin, N. H., Buss, K. A., Klein, M. H., Davidson, R. J., & Goldsmith, H. H. (2002). Salivary cortisol as a predictor of socioemotional adjustment during kindergarten: a perspective study. Child Development, 73, 75–92.PubMed

Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2012). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.

Taylor, Z. E., Spinrad, T. L., VanSchyndel, S. K., Eisenberg, N., Huynh, J., Sulik, M. J., & Granger, D. A. (2012). Sociodemographic risk, parenting, and effortful control: relations to salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol in early childhood. Developmental Psychobiology, 55(8), 869–880.PubMed

Tonhajzerova, I., Ondrejka, I., Javorka, K., Turianikova, Z., Farsky, I., & Javorka, M. (2010). Cardiac autonomic regulation is impaired in girls with major depression. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 34, 613–618.

van Bokhoven, I., Matthys, W., van Goozen, S. H. M., & van Engeland, H. (2005). Prediction of adolescent outcome in children with disruptive behavior disorders: a study of neurobiological, psychological and family factors. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 14, 153–163.PubMed

van Goozen, S. H. M., Matthys, W., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., Buitelaar, J. K., & van Engeland, H. (2000). Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system activity in disruptive children and matched controls. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 1438–1445.PubMed

van Goozen, S. H., Fairchild, G., Snoek, H., & Harold, G. T. (2007). The evidence for a neurobiological model of childhood antisocial behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 149–182.PubMed

van Honk, J., Schutter, D. J. L. G., Hermans, E. J., Putman, P., Tuiten, A., & Koppeschaar, H. (2004). Testoterone shifts the balance between sensitivity for punishment and reward in healthy young women. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 29, 937–943.PubMed

van Stegeren, A., Rohleder, N., Everaerd, W., & Wolf, O. T. (2006). Salivary alpha-amylase as marker for adrenergic activity during stress: effect of betablockade. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 31, 137–141.PubMed

Vigil, J. M., Geary, D. C., Granger, D. A., & Flinn, M. V. (2010). Sex differences in salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase, and psychologicall functioning following hurricane Katrina. Child Development, 81(4), 1228–1240.PubMed

Vreeburg, S. A., Zitman, F. G., van Pelt, J., Derijk, R. H., Verhagen, J. C., van Dyck, R., Hoogendijk, W. J., Smit, J. H., & Penninx, B. X. (2010). Salivary cortisol levels in persons with and without different anxiety disorders. Psychosomatic Medicine, 72(4), 340–347.PubMed

Wedekind, D., Bandelow, B., Broocks, A., Hajak, G., & Ruther, E. (2000). Salivary, total plasma and plasma free cortisol in panic disorder. Journal of Neural Transmission, 107(7), 831–837.PubMed

Weems, C. F., & Carrión, V. G. (2007). The association between PTSD symptoms and salivary cortisol in youth: the role of the time since the trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20, 903–907.PubMed

Weems, C. F., Zakem, A. H., Costa, N. M., Cannon, M. F., & Watts, S. E. (2005). Physiological response and childhood anxiety: association with symptoms of anxiety disorders and cognitive bias. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 34, 712–723.

Yehuda, R., Boisoneau, D., Mason, J. W., & Giller, E. L. (1993). Glucocorticoid receptor number and cortisol excretion in mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders. Society of Biological Psychiatry, 34, 18–25.

Young, E. A., Abelson, J., & Cameron, O. G. (2005). Interaction of brain noradrenergic system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in man. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 30, 807–814.PubMed

Youngstrom, E., Loeber, R., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (2000). Patterns and correlations of agreement between parent, teacher, and male adolescent ratings of externalizing and internalizing problems. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(6), 1038–1050.PubMed

Zuckerman, M. (1979). Sensation seeking: beyond the optimum level of arousal. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Titel: Interaction of Adrenocortical Activity and Autonomic Arousal on Children’s Externalizing and Internalizing Behavior Problems
Auteurs: Frances R. Chen
Adrian Raine
Liana Soyfer
Douglas A. Granger
Publicatiedatum: 01-01-2015
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 1/2015
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-014-9900-y

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2015

School-related Factors in the Development of Bullying Perpetration and Victimization: Introduction to the Special Section

Reducing Bullying and Victimization: Student- and Classroom-Level Mechanisms of Change

Reinforcement Enhances Vigilance Among Children With ADHD: Comparisons to Typically Developing Children and to the Effects of Methylphenidate

The Impact of Chronic Physical Illness, Maternal Depressive Symptoms, Family Functioning, and Self-esteem on Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Children

Taking Peer Victimization Research to the Next Level: Complex Interactions Among Genes, Teacher Attitudes/Behaviors, Peer Ecologies, & Classroom Characteristics

Maternal Emotion Regulation Mediates the Association Between Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Parenting