Top

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Gepubliceerd in:

01-10-2007 | Original Paper

Intellectual Ability, Self-perceived Social Competence, and Depressive Symptomatology in Children with High-functioning Autistic Spectrum Disorders

Auteurs: Sandy Vickerstaff, Sandra Heriot, Michelle Wong, Ana Lopes, David Dossetor

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 9/2007

Abstract

Although social competence deficits in children with high-functioning autistic spectrum disorders (HFASD) are well documented, there is little research investigating self-perceptions of social limitations. This study replicated research showing a negative association between self-perceived social competence and intellectual ability and investigated associations between self-perceived social competence and depressive symptomatology. Participants were 22 children with HFASD, aged 7–13 years with intelligence quotient (IQ) scores of 82–141. Parent- (N = 18) and teacher- (N = 17) rated social competence was lower for children with HFASD compared with a normative sample. Higher age and IQ predicted lower levels of self-perceived social competence, and low self-perceived social competence predicted higher levels of depressive symptomatology. Almost a third of children rated themselves for depression; parent ratings suggested even higher levels.

vorige artikel Development of a Video-based Evaluation Tool in Rett Syndrome

volgende artikel Imitation of Intentional and Accidental Actions by Children with Autism

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Comparisons between these studies must be treated with caution. First, data from later studies were obtained using more systematic and objective methodology, and larger sample sizes. Second, variability in participant selection, sample characteristics, and assessment procedures makes comparisons difficult.

The sample gender ratio of boys:girls compares with general prevalence ratios of 5:1 for ASD (see Lord & Schopler, 1985; Rutter, 1996; Wing, 1981b). As girls with an ASD tend to be more severely intellectually impaired than boys, the ratio of boys to girls is expected to be even higher among high-functioning individuals (Tsai & Beisler, 1983; Volkmar, Szatmari, & Sparrow, 1993; Wing, 1981b).

Self-perceived social competence was based on the PCSC (Harter, 1982) for Capps et al., (1995) results, and on the SPPC (Harter, 1985) for the present results. Furthermore, Capps et al. (1995) used the socialisation skills domain of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS; Sparrow, Balla, & Cicchetti, 1984) to measure the child’s social competence, whereas this study used the SSRS Parent-version (Gresham & Elliot, 1990).

Capps et al. (1995) found that IQ and parental reports of child’s social competence were significantly positively correlated (r = 0.72, p < 0.001), whereas this correlation was not significant in this study (r = 0.24, p > 0.05).

Similar significant associations were found between child’s self-perceived social competence and IQ in the Capps et al. (1995) study was r = 0.51, p < 0.05, N = 18) and the present study (r = 0.52, p < 0.05, N = 22).

Notably, however, the ratio of females to males in our sample was representative of general prevalence ratios of 5:1 for ASD (Lord & Schopler, 1985; Wing, 1981b).

Akuffo, E., MacSweeney, D. A., & Gajwani, A. K. (1986). Multiple pathology in a mentally handicapped individual. British Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 377–378. PubMed

American Psychiatric Association (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3th rev. ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

Angold, A., Costello, E. J., & Worthman, C. M. (1998). Puberty and depression: The roles of age, pubertal status and pubertal timing. Psychological Medicine, 28, 51–61. PubMedCrossRef

Attwood, T. (1998). Asperger’s syndrome: A guide for parents and professionals. London: Jessica Kingsley.

Baker, L., & Wigfield, A. (1999). Dimensions of children’s motivation for reading and their relations to reading activity and reading achievement. Reading Research Quarterly, 34, 452–480. CrossRef

Bandura, A. (2000). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.

Baumgart, D., Filler, J., & Askvig, B. A. (1991). Perceived importance of social skills: A survey of teachers, parents, and other professionals. The Journal of Special Education, 25, 236–251.

Bauminger, N. (2002). The facilitation of social-emotional understanding and social interaction in high-functioning children with autism: Intervention outcomes. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32, 283–298. PubMedCrossRef

Bauminger, N., & Kasari, C. (2000). Loneliness and friendship in high-functioning children with autism. Child Development, 71, 447–456. PubMedCrossRef

Baron-Cohen, S. (1988). Social and pragmatic deficits in autism: Cognitive or affective? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 18, 379–402. PubMedCrossRef

Baron-Cohen, S. (1989). The autistic child’s theory of mind: A case of specific developmental delay. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30, 285–297. PubMedCrossRef

Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A. M., & Frith, U. (1985). Does the autistic child have a “theory of mind”? Cognition, 21, 37–46. PubMedCrossRef

Benson, B. A., & Ivins, J. (1992). Anger, depression and self-concept in adults with mental retardation. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 36, 169–175. PubMedCrossRef

Blechman, E. A., McEnroe, M. J., Carella, E. T., & Audette, D. P. (1986). Childhood competence and depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 223–227. PubMedCrossRef

Capps, L., Kasari, C., Yirmiya, N., & Sigman, M. (1993). Parental perception of emotional expressiveness in children with autism. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 475–484. PubMedCrossRef

Capps, L., Sigman, M., & Yirmiya, N. (1995). Self-competence and emotional understanding in high-functioning children with autism. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 137–149.

Carlson, G. A., & Cantwell, D. P. C. (1980). A survey of depressive symptoms, syndrome and disorder in a child psychiatric population. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 21, 19–25. PubMedCrossRef

Chan, D. W. (1997). Depressive symptoms and perceived competence among Chinese secondary school students in Hong Kong. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 26, 303–319. CrossRef

Clarke, D. J., Littlejohns, C. S., Corbett, J. A., & Joseph, S. (1989). Pervasive developmental disorders and psychoses in adult life. British Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 692–699. PubMed

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Cole, D. A. (1990). Relation of social and academic competence to depressive symptoms in childhood. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 422–429. PubMedCrossRef

Cole, D. A., Lazarick, D. L., & Howard, G. S. (1987). Construct validity and the relation between depression and social skill. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 34, 315–321. CrossRef

Cole, D. A., Martin, J. M., Powers, B., & Truglio, R. (1996). Modeling causal relations between academic and social competence and depression: A multitrait-multimethod longitudinal study of children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 258–270. PubMedCrossRef

Cole, D. A., & Milstead, M. (1989). Behavioral correlates of depression: Antecedents or consequences? Journal of Counselling Psychology, 36, 408–416. CrossRef

Compas, B. E., Ey, S., & Grant, K. E. (1993). Taxonomy, assessment, and diagnosis of depression during adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 323–344. PubMedCrossRef

Connolly, J. (1989). Social self-efficacy in adolescence: Relations with self-concept, social adjustment, and mental health. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 21, 258–269. CrossRef

Dalley, M. B., Bolocofsky, D. N., & Karlin, N. J. (1994). Teacher-ratings and self-ratings of social competency in adolescents with low- and high-depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 22, 477–485. PubMedCrossRef

DeLong, R. G., & Dwyer, J. T. (1988). Correlation of family history with specific autistic subtypes: Asperger’s syndrome and bipolar affective disease. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 18, 593–600. PubMedCrossRef

DeMyer, M. K., Barton, S., DeMyer, W., Norton, J. A., Allen, J., & Steele, R. (1973). Prognosis in autism: A follow-up study. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 3, 199–246. PubMedCrossRef

Denham, S., Mason, T., Caverly, S., Schmidt, M., Hackney, R., Caswell, C., & Demulder, E. (2001). Preschoolers at play: Co-socialisers of emotional and social competence. International Journal of Behavioural Development, 4, 290–301.

Einfeld, S. L., & Tonge, B. J. (1996). Population prevalence of psychopathology in children and adolescents with intellectual disability. II. Epidemiological findings. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 40, 99–109. PubMedCrossRef

Elbaum, B., & Vaughn, S. (2003). For which students with learning disabilities are self-concept interventions effective? Journal of Learning Disabilities, 36, 101–109. PubMed

Frazier, J. A., Doyle, R., Chiu, S., & Coyle, J. T. (2002). Treating a child with Asperger’s disorder and comorbid bipolar disorder. American Psychiatric Association, 159, 13–21.

Freeman, B. J., Cronin, P., & Candela, P. (2002). Asperger syndrome or autistic disorder? The diagnostic dilemma. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 17, 145–152.

Freeman, B. J., Ritvo, E. R., Schroth, P. C., Tonick, I., Guthrie, D., & Wake, L. (1981). Behavioral characteristics of high- and low-IQ autistic children. American Journal of Psychiatry, 138, 25–29. PubMed

Gadow, K. D., DeVincent, C. J., Pomeroy, J., & Azizian, A. (2004). Psychiatric symptoms in preschool children with PDD and clinical and comparison samples. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 379–393. PubMedCrossRef

Galanaki, E. P., & Kalantzi-Azizi, A. (1999). Loneliness and social dissatisfaction: Its relation with children’s self-efficacy for peer interaction. Child Study Journal, 29, 1–22.

Ghaziuddin, M., Alessi, N., & Greden, J. F. (1995). Life event and depression in children with pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 25, 495–502. PubMedCrossRef

Ghaziuddin, M., Ghaziuddin, N., & Greden, J. (2002). Depression in persons with autism: Implications for research and clinical care. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32, 299–306. PubMedCrossRef

Ghaziuddin, M., & Greden, J. (1998). Depression in children with autism/pervasive developmental disorders: A case–control family history study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 28, 111–115. PubMedCrossRef

Ghaziuddin, M., & Tsai, L. (1991). Depression in autistic disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 721–723. PubMed

Ghaziuddin, M., Tsai, L., & Ghaziuddin, N. (1991). Fluoxetine in autism with depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 508–509. PubMedCrossRef

Ghaziuddin, M., Tsai, L., & Ghaziuddin, N. (1992). Comorbidity of autistic disorder in children and adolescents. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1, 209–213. CrossRef

Ghaziuddin, M., Weidmer-Mikhail, E., & Ghaziuddin, M. (1998). Comorbidity of Asperger syndrome: A preliminary report. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 42, 279–283. PubMedCrossRef

Gillberg, C. (1984). Autistic children growing up: Problems during puberty and adolescence. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 26, 122–129.

Gillberg, C. (1985). Asperger’s syndrome and recurrent psychosis—A case study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 15, 389–397. PubMedCrossRef

Gillberg, C., & Billstedt, E. (2000). Autism and Asperger syndrome: Coexistence with other clinical disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 102, 321–330. PubMedCrossRef

Gillberg, C., & Steffenburg, S. (1987). Outcome and prognostic factors in infantile autism and similar conditions: A population-based study of 46 cases followed through puberty. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 17, 273–287. PubMedCrossRef

Glenn, E., Bihm, E., & Lammers, W. (2003). Depression, anxiety and relevant cognitions in persons with mental retardation. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 69–76. PubMedCrossRef

Green, J., Gilchrist, A., Burton, D., & Cox, A. (2000). Social and psychiatric functioning in adolescents with Asperger syndrome compared with conduct disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 279–293. PubMedCrossRef

Gresham, F. M., & Elliott, S. N. (1990). The social skills rating system. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.

Gresham, F. M., & MacMillan, D. L. (1997). Social competence and affective characteristics of students with mild disabilities. Review of Educational Research, 67, 377–415. CrossRef

Gresham, F. M., Sugai, G., & Horner, R. H. (2001). Interpreting outcomes of social skills training for students with high-incidence disabilities. Exceptional Children, 67, 331–344.

Guralnick, M. J. (1992). A hierarchical model for understanding children’s peer-related social competence. In S. L. Odom, S. R. McConnell, & M. A. McEvoy (Eds.), Social competence of young children with disabilities: Issues and strategies for intervention (pp. 37–64). Baltimore: Paul. H. Brookes.

Gutstein, S. E., & Whitney, T. (2002). Asperger syndrome and the development of social competence. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 17, 161–171.

Haager, D., & Vaughn, S. (1995). Parent, teacher, peer, and self-reports of the social competence of students with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 28, 205–215. PubMedCrossRef

Happé, F. (1994). Autism: An introduction to psychological theory. Cambridge, UK: Harvard University Press.

Harter, S. (1982). The perceived competence scale for children. Child Development, 53, 87–97. CrossRef

Harter, S. (1985). Manual for the self-perception profile for children. Denver, CO: University of Denver.

Harter, S. (1986). Processes underlying the construction, maintenance, and enhancement of the self-concept in children. In J. Suls, & A. G. Greenwald (Eds.), Psychological perspectives on the self (pp. 137–181). London: Elbaum.

Harter, S. (1990). Issues in the assessment of the self-concept of children, adolescents. In A. M. La Greca (Eds.), Through the eyes of the child: Obtaining self-reports from children and adolescents (pp. 292–325). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Helsel, W. J., & Matson, J. L. (1984). The assessment of depression in children: The internal structure of the Child Depression Inventory (CDI). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 22, 289–294. PubMedCrossRef

Hermelin, B., & O’Connor, N. (1985). Logico-affective states and nonverbal language. In E. Schopler, & G. B. Mesibov (Eds.), Communication problems in autism (pp. 283–309). New York: Plenum.

Hill, E., Berthoz, S., & Frith, U. (2004). Brief report: Cognitive processing of own emotions in individuals with autistic spectrum disorder and in their relatives. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 229–235. PubMedCrossRef

Howlin, P. (1997). Autism: Preparing for adulthood. London: Routledge.

Howlin, P., & Goode, S. (1998). Outcome in adult life for people with autism, Asperger’s syndrome. In F. R. Volkmar (Eds.), Autism and pervasive developmental disorders (pp. 209–241). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Hymel, S., Rubin, K. H., Rowden, L., & LeMare, L. (1990). Children’s peer relationships: Longitudinal prediction of internalizing and externalizing problems from middle to later childhood. Child Development, 61, 2004–2021.

Jacobsen, R. H., Lahey, B. B., & Strauss, C. C. (1983). Correlates of depressed mood in normal children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 11, 29–40. PubMedCrossRef

Kanner, L. (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous Child, 2, 217–250.

Kasari, C., Chamberlain, B., & Bauminger, N. (2001). Social emotions and social relationships: Can children with autism compensate? In J. Burack, T. Charman, N. Yirmiya, & P. Zelazo (Eds.), Development and autism: Perspectives from theory and research (pp. 309–323). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Kerbeshian, J., & Burd, L. (1987). Are schizophreniform symptoms present in attenuated form in children with Tourette’s disorder and other developmental disorders? Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 32, 123–135.

Khalsa, S. S. (1996). Group exercises for enhancing social skills and self-esteem. Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press.

Kim, J. A., Szatmari, P., Bryson, S. E., Streiner, D. L., & Wilson, F. J. (2000). The prevalence of anxiety and mood problems among children with autism and Asperger syndrome. Autism, 4, 117–132. CrossRef

Kolb, S. M., & Hanley-Maxwell, C. (2003). Critical social skills for adolescents with high incidence disabilities: Parental perspectives. Exceptional Children, 69, 163–180.

Komoto, J., Usui, S., & Hirata, J. (1984). Infantile autism and affective disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 14, 81–84. PubMedCrossRef

Kovacs, M. (1992). Children’s depression inventory. New York: Multi-Health Systems.

Kovacs, M., & Beck, A. T. (1977). An empirical clinical approach towards a definition of childhood depression. In J. G. Schulterbrant, & A. Raskin (Eds.), Depression in children (pp. 1–25). New York: Raven.

Kovacs, M., Feinberg, T. L., Crouse-Novak, M., Paulauskas, S. L., & Finkelstein, R. (1984). Depressive disorders in childhood. I. A longitudinal prospective study of characteristics and recovery. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 229–237. PubMed

Krasny, L., Williams, B. J., Provencal, S., & Ozonoff, S. (2003). Social skills interventions for the autism spectrum: Essential ingredients and a model curriculum. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 12, 107–122. CrossRef

Kurita, H., & Nakayasu, N. (1994). Brief report: An autistic male presenting seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and trichotillomania. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 687–692. PubMedCrossRef

Lainhart, J. E., & Folstein, S. E. (1994). Affective disorders in people with autism: A review of published cases. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 587–601. PubMedCrossRef

Levy, J. C., & Deykin, E. Y. (1989). Suicidality, depression, and substance abuse in adolescence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 1462–1467. PubMed

Lewinsohn, P. M., Klein, D. N., & Seeley, J. R. (1995). Bipolar disorder in a community sample of older adolescents: Prevalence, phenomenology, comorbidity, and course. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 454–463. PubMedCrossRef

Lewinsohn, P. M., Mischel, W., Chaplin, W., & Barton, R. (1980). Social competence and depression: The role of illusory self-perceptions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 89, 203–212. PubMedCrossRef

Linter, C. M. (1987). Short-cycle manic-depressive psychosis in a mentally handicapped child without family history: A case report. British Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 554–555. PubMed

Lord, & Schopler, E. (1985). Differences in sex ratios in autism as a function of measured intelligence. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 15, 185–193. CrossRef

Luftig, R. L. (1988). Assessment of the perceived school loneliness and isolation of mentally retarded and nonretarded students. American Journal of Mental Retardation, 92, 472–475. PubMed

Martin, A., Scahill, L., Klin, A., & Volkmar, F. (1999). Higher-functioning pervasive developmental disorders: Rates and patterns of psychotropic drug use. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 923–931. PubMedCrossRef

Matson, J. L., Barrett, R. P., & Helsel, W. J. (1988). Depression in mentally retarded children. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 9, 39–46. PubMedCrossRef

Mayberry, W. (1990). Self-esteem in children: Considerations for measurement and intervention. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 44, 729–734. PubMed

Mayes, S. D., & Calhoun, S. L. (2003). Relationship between Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism. In S. Prior (Eds.), Learning and behavior problems in Asperger syndrome (pp. 15–34). New York: The Guilford Press.

Mayes, S. D., & Calhoun, S. L. (2004). Influence of IQ and age in childhood autism: Lack of support for DSM-IV Asperger’s disorder. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 16, 257–272. CrossRef

Mesibov, G. B. (1992). Treatment issues with high-functioning adolescents and adults with autism. In E. Schopler, & G. B. Mesibov (Eds.), High-functioning individuals with autism (pp. 143–155). New York: Plenum.

Meyer, L. H., Cole, D. A., McQuarter, R., & Reichle, J. (1990). Validation of the assessment of social competence (ASC) for children and young adults with developmental disabilities. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 15, 57–68.

Minium, E. W., King, B. M., & Bear, G. (1993). Statistical reasoning in psychological and education. New York: Wiley.

National Center for Education Statistics (1996). Assessment of social competence, adaptive behaviours, and approaches to learning with young children. Working Paper No. 96–18. By S. J. Meisels, S. Atkins-Burnett, & J. Nicholson. J. West (project officer). Washington, DC: US Department of Education.

Newson, E., Dawson, M., & Everard, T. (1982). The natural history of able autistic people: their management and functioning in a social context. Unpublished report. Department of Health and Social Security, London. Summary published in four parts in Communication, 19–21 (1984–1985).

Odom, S. L., McConnell, S. R., & McEvoy, M. A. (1992). Peer-related social competence and its significance for young children with disabilities. In S. L. Odom, S. R. McConnell, & M. A. McEvoy (Eds.), Social competence of young children with disabilities: Issues and strategies for intervention (pp. 3–35). Baltimore: Paul. H. Brookes.

Ozonoff, S., & Miller, J. N. (1995). Teaching theory of mind: A new approach to social skills training for individuals with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 25, 415–433. PubMedCrossRef

Piven, J., & Palmer, P. (1999). Psychiatric disorder and the broad autism phenotype: Evidence from a family study of multiple-incidence autism families. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 557–563. PubMed

Prior, M., Eisenmajer, R., Leekman, S., Wing, L., Gould, J., Ong, B., & Dowe, D. (1998). Are there subgroups within the autistic spectrum: A cluster analysis of a group of children with autistic spectrum disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Applied Disciplines, 39, 893–902. CrossRef

Prior, M., & Ozonoff, S. (1998). Psychological factors in autism. In F. R. Volkmar (Eds.), Autism and pervasive developmental disorders (pp. 24–38). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Quinn, M. M., Jannasch-Pennell, A., & Rutherford, R. B. (1995). Using peers as social skills training agents for students with antisocial behaviour: A cooperative learning approach. Preventing School Failure, 39, 26–31. CrossRef

Reed, M. K. (1994). Social skills training to reduce depression in adolescents. Adolescence, 29, 293–302. PubMed

Reid, A. H. (1976). Psychiatric disturbances in the mentally handicapped. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 69, 509–512. PubMed

Reiss, S., & Rojahn, J. (1993). Joint occurrence of depression and aggression in children and adults with mental retardation. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 37, 287–294. PubMedCrossRef

Reynolds, W. M., & Johnston, H. F. (1994). The nature and study of depression in children, adolescents. In W. M. Reynolds, & H. F. Johnston (Eds.), Handbook of depression in children and adolescents (pp. 3–17). New York: Plenum.

Reynolds, C. R., & Kamphaus, R. W. (1992). Behaviour assessment system for children. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.

Ricks, D. M., & Wing, L. (1975). Language, communication, and the use of symbols in normal and autistic children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 5, 191–221. PubMedCrossRef

Rinaldi, C. M., Brown, A. E., Ross, S., Heath, N. L., & Smith, T. (1996). Exceptionality and risk for depression: An examination of the literature. Exceptionality Education Canada, 6, 159–182.

Robertson, J. M., Tanguay, P. E., L’Ecuyer, S., Sims, A., & Waltrip, C. (1999). Domains of social communication handicap in autism spectrum disorder. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 738–745.

Rohde, P., Lewinsohn, P. M., & Seeley, J. R. (1990). Are people changed by the experience of having an episode of depression? A further test of the scar hypothesis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 264–271. PubMedCrossRef

Rose-Krasnor, L. (1997). The nature of social competence: A theoretical review. Social Development, 6, 111–135. CrossRef

Ruffalo, S. L., & Elliott, S. N. (1997). Teachers’ and parents’ ratings of children’s social skills: A closer look at cross-informant agreements through an item analysis protocol. School Psychology Review, 26, 489–501.

Rumsey, J. M., Rapoport, J. L., & Sceery, W. R. (1985). Autistic children as adults: Psychiatric, social, and behavioural outcomes. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24, 465–473. PubMedCrossRef

Rutter, M. (1970). Autistic children: Infancy to adulthood. Seminars in Psychiatry, 2, 435–450. PubMed

Rutter, M. (1978). Developmental issues and prognosis. In M. Rutter, & E. Schopler (Eds.), Autism: A reappraisal of concepts and treatment (pp. 503–504). New York: Plenum.

Rutter, M. (1986). The developmental psychopathology of depression: Issues and perspectives. In M. Rutter, C. E. Izard, & P. B. Read (Eds.), Depression in young people: Developmental and clinical perspectives (pp. 97–116). New York: Guilford.

Rutter, M. (1996). Autism research: Prospects and priorities. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 26, 257–275. PubMedCrossRef

Rutter, M., & Schopler, E. (1987). Autism and pervasive developmental disorders: Concepts and diagnostic issues. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 17, 159–186. PubMedCrossRef

Sarason, B. R. (1981). The dimensions of social competence: Contributions from a variety of research areas. In J. D. Wine, & M. D. Smye (Eds.), Social competence (pp. 100–122). New York: Guilford.

Schopler, E. (1996). Are autism and Asperger syndrome (AS) different labels or different disabilities? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 26, 109–110. CrossRef

Segrin, C. (1996). The relationship between social skills deficits and psychosocial problems: A test of a vulnerability model. Communication Research, 23, 425–450. CrossRef

Segrin, C. (2000). Social skills deficits associated with depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 20, 379–403. PubMedCrossRef

Sigman, M., & Ruskin, E. (1999). Continuity and change in the social competence of children with autism, Downs syndrome, and developmental delays. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 64 (1, Serial No. 256).

Sovner R. (1988). Behavioural psychopharmacology: A new psychiatric subspeciality. In J. Stark F. J. Menolascino M. Albarielli et al. (Eds.), Mental retardation and mental health: Classification, diagnosis, treatment, services (pp. 229–242). New York: Springer.

Sovner, R. (1989). The use of valproate in the treatment of mentally retarded persons with typical and atypical bipolar disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 50(Suppl. 3), 40–43. PubMed

Sparrow, S. S., Balla, D., & Cicchetti, D. V. (1984). The Vineland adaptive behavior scales: Interview edition, survey form. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.

Spence, S. H. (2003). Social skills training with children and young people: Theory, evidence and practise. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 8, 84–96. CrossRef

Spirito, A., Hart, K., Overholser, J., & Halverson, J. (1990). Social skills and depression in adolescent suicide attempters. Adolescence, 25, 543–552. PubMed

Szatmari, P., Bartolucci, G., Bremner, R. (1989a). Asperger’s syndrome and autism: Comparison of early history and outcome. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 31, 709–720. CrossRef

Szatmari, P., Bartolucci, G., Bremner, R., Bond, S., & Rich, S. (1989b). A follow-up study of high-functioning autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 19, 213–225. CrossRef

Tantam, D. (1988). Annotation: Asperger syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 29, 245–255. PubMedCrossRef

Tantam, D. (1991). Asperger syndrome in adulthood. In U. Frith (Eds.), Autism and Asperger syndrome (pp. 147–183). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Tantam, D. (2003). The challenge of adolescents and adults with Asperger syndrome. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 12, 143–163. CrossRef

Tsai, L., & Beisler, J. M. (1983). The development of sex differences in infantile autism. British Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 43–52. CrossRef

Vanger, P. (1987). An assessment of social skill deficiencies in depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 28, 508–512. PubMedCrossRef

Venter, A., Lord, C., & Schopler, E. (1992). A follow-up study of high-functioning autistic children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 33, 489–507. PubMedCrossRef

Volkmar, F. R., & Klin, A. (2001). Asperger’s disorder and higher functioning autism: Same or different? International review of research in mental retardation. In L. M. Glidden (Eds.), Autism (Vol. 23, pp. 83–110). San Diego, CA: Academic.

Volkmar, F. R., Szatmari, P., & Sparrow, S. S. (1993). Sex differences in pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 23, 579–591. PubMedCrossRef

Wechsler, D. (1999). Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.

Wierzbicki, M., & McCabe, M. (1988). Social skills and subsequent depressive symptomatology in children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 3, 203–208. CrossRef

Wing, L. (1981a). Asperger’s syndrome: A clinical account. Psychological Medicine, 11, 115–129.

Wing, L. (1981b). Sex ratio in early childhood autism and related conditions. Psychiatric Research, 5, 129–137. CrossRef

Wing, L. (1992). Manifestation of social problems in high-functioning autistic people. In E. Schopler, & G. Mesibov (Eds.), High-functioning individuals with autism (pp. 129–142). New York: Plenum.

Wing, L. (1996). Autistic spectrum disorder: No evidence for or against an increase in prevalence. British Medical Journal, 312, 327–328. PubMed

Wing, L. (1999). Diagnostic interview for social and communication disorders (10th rev. ed.). Kent, UK: The National Autistic Society.

Wing, L., Leekam, S. R., Libby, S. J., Gould, J., & Larcombe, M. (2002). The diagnostic interview for social and communication disorders: Background, inter-rater reliability and clinical use. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43, 307–325. PubMedCrossRef

Wolff, S., & Chick, J. (1980). Schizoid personality in childhood: A controlled follow-up study. Psychological Medicine, 10, 85–100. PubMedCrossRef

World Health Organization (2003). Global advisory committee on vaccine safety, 16–17 December 2002. Weekly Epidemiological Record, 28. http://who.int/docstore/wer/pdf/2003/wer7804.pdf.

Yirmiya, N., & Sigman, M. (1991). High functioning individuals with autism: Diagnosis, empirical findings, and theoretical issues. Clinical Psychology Review, 11, 669–683. CrossRef

Yirmiya, N., Sigman, M. D., Kasari, C., & Mundy, P. (1992). Empathy and cognition in high-functioning children with autism. Child Development, 63, 150–160. PubMedCrossRef

Youngren, M. A., & Lewinsohn, P. M. (1980). The functional relation between depression and problematic interpersonal behavior. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 89, 333–341. PubMedCrossRef

Titel: Intellectual Ability, Self-perceived Social Competence, and Depressive Symptomatology in Children with High-functioning Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Auteurs: Sandy Vickerstaff
Sandra Heriot
Michelle Wong
Ana Lopes
David Dossetor
Publicatiedatum: 01-10-2007
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 9/2007
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0292-x

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 9/2007

Development of a Video-based Evaluation Tool in Rett Syndrome

The Relationship of Asperger’s Characteristics and Schizotypal Personality Traits in a Non-clinical Adult Sample

A Parent-Report Instrument for Identifying One-Year-Olds at Risk for an Eventual Diagnosis of Autism: The First Year Inventory

The Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire

Erratum

Predictors of Language Acquisition in Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders