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Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 6/2013

01-08-2013

Inhibitory Control and Working Memory in Post-Institutionalized Children

Auteurs: Emily C. Merz, Robert B. McCall, Amanda J. Wright, Beatriz Luna

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 6/2013

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Abstract

Inhibitory control and working memory were examined in post-institutionalized (PI) children adopted into United States families from Russian institutions. The PI sample originated from institutions that were less severely depriving than those represented in previous studies and approximated the level of psychosocial deprivation, which is characterized by adequate physical resources but a lack of consistent and responsive caregiving. PI children (N = 75; 29 male) ranged in age from 8–17 years (M = 12.97; SD = 3.03) and were grouped according to whether they were adopted after 14 months or before 9 months. A non-adopted comparison group (N = 133; 65 male) ranged in age from 8–17 years (M = 12.26; SD = 2.75). PI children adopted after 14 months of age displayed poorer performance on the stop-signal and spatial span tasks relative to PI children adopted before 9 months of age after controlling for age at assessment. The two PI groups did not differ in their performance on a spatial self-ordered search task. Older-adopted PI children also showed poorer spatial span task performance compared to non-adopted children, but younger-adopted PI children did not. Task performance was significantly associated with parent-rated hyperactive-impulsive behavior in everyday contexts. These findings suggest that exposure to prolonged early institutional deprivation may be linked with inhibitory control and working memory difficulties years after adoption.
Voetnoten
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We re-ran analyses after removing 11 children taking stimulant medications on the day of testing. The multivariate analysis indicated significant PI group differences, Wilks’ λ = 0.85, F(3,57) = 3.24, p = 0.03, but univariate analyses revealed that only the spatial span task remained significant, F(1,59) = 6.68, p = 0.01, d = 0.67. Group differences on the spatial span task among older-adopted PI, younger-adopted PI, and NA children remained significant, F(2,189) = 6.93, p = 0.001. The older-adopted PI group had lower spatial span relative to the younger-adopted PI and the NA groups (d = 0.61), which did not differ significantly. Similarly, PI group differences in parent-rated attention problems remained significant. Older-adopted PI children had higher levels of inattention, t(61) = 3.43, p = 0.001, d = 0.86, and hyperactivity-impulsivity, t(46) = 2.40, p = 0.02, d = 0.67, than younger-adopted PI children.
 
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Metagegevens
Titel
Inhibitory Control and Working Memory in Post-Institutionalized Children
Auteurs
Emily C. Merz
Robert B. McCall
Amanda J. Wright
Beatriz Luna
Publicatiedatum
01-08-2013
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 6/2013
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-013-9737-9

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