Top

Gepubliceerd in:

01-02-2015 | Original Paper

Informal and Formal Help Seeking Among Older Black Male Foster Care Youth and Alumni

Auteurs: Lionel D. Scott Jr., J. Curtis McMillen, Lonnie R. Snowden

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 2/2015

Abstract

Using the behavioral model for vulnerable populations as a framework, this study examined predisposing, enabling, and need factors related to seeking help from formal and informal sources among older Black male foster youth and alumni. Results of logistic regression analyses showed that emotional control, a predisposing variable, was related to help-seeking. Specifically, greater adherence to the norm of emotional control was related to lower likelihood of using informal or formal sources of help. These results support the literature on males, in general, and Black males, in particular, that posits that inhibitions to express emotions are a barrier to their help seeking. Implications for help seeking among vulnerable populations of adolescent and young adult Black males are discussed.

vorige artikel Aspects of Mothers’ Parenting: Independent and Specific Relations to Children’s Depression, Anxiety, and Social Anxiety Symptoms

volgende artikel Racial and Ethnic Differences in Parenting Stress: Evidence from a Statewide Sample of New Mothers

Addis, M. E., & Mahalik, J. R. (2003). Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help seeking. American Psychologist, 58, 5–14.PubMedCrossRef

Andersen, R. M. (1995). Revisiting the behavioral model and access to medical care: Does it matter? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36, 1–10.PubMedCrossRef

Anderson, E. (1990). Streetwise: Race, class, and change in an urban community. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Bernstein, D. P., & Fink, L. (1998). Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: A retrospective self-report. San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation.

Caldwell, C. H. (1996). Predisposing, enabling, and need factors related to patterns of help seeking among African American women. In H. W. Neighbors & J. S. Jackson (Eds.), Mental health in Black America (pp. 146–160). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc.

Cohen, S., & Hoberman, H. M. (1983). Positive events and social supports as buffers of life change stress. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 13, 99–125.CrossRef

Collins, M. E. (2004). Enhancing services to youths leaving foster care: Analysis of recent legislation and its potential impact. Children and Youth Services Review, 26, 1051–1065.CrossRef

Cunningham, M., & Spencer, M. B. (1996). The black male experiences measure. In R. L. Jones (Ed.), Handbook of tests and measurements for Black populations. Hampton: Cobb & Henry Publishers.

Duncan, L. E. (2003). Black male college students’ attitudes toward seeking psychological help. Journal of Black Psychology, 29, 68–86.CrossRef

Dworsky, A., White, C., O’Brien, K., Pecora, P., Courtney, M., Kessler, R., et al. (2010). Racial and ethnic differences in the outcomes of former foster youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 32, 902–912.CrossRef

Fischer, E. H., & Turner, J. I. (1970). Orientations to seeking professional help: Development and research utility of an attitude scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 35, 79–90.PubMedCrossRef

Franklin, A. J. (1992). Therapy with African American men. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Human Services, 73, 350–355.

Franklin, A. J. (2004). From brotherhood to manhood: How Black men rescue their relationships and dreams from the invisibility syndrome. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Garland, A. F., Landsverk, J. A., & Lau, A. S. (2003). Racial/ethnic disparities in mental health service use among children in foster care. Children & Youth Services Review, 25, 491–507.CrossRef

Garland, A. F., Lau, A. S., Yeh, M., McCabe, K. M., Hough, R. L., & Landsverk, J. A. (2005). Racial and ethnic differences in utilization of mental health services among high risk youths. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 1336–1343.PubMedCrossRef

Gelberg, L., Andersen, R. M., & Leake, B. D. (2000). The behavioral model for vulnerable populations: Application to medical care use and outcomes for homeless people. Health Services Research, 34, 1273–1302.PubMedCentralPubMed

Hammond, W., Matthews, D., Mohottige, D., Agyemang, A., & Corbie-Smith, G. (2010). Masculinity, medical mistrust, and preventive health services delays among community-dwelling African-American men. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 25, 1300–1308.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Harrell, S. P. (2000). A multidimensional conceptualization of racism-related stress: Implications for the well-being of people of color. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 70, 42–57.PubMedCrossRef

Harris, M. S., Jackson, L. J., O’Brien, K., & Pecora, P. (2010). Ethnic group comparisons in mental health outcomes of adult alumni of foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 32, 171–177.CrossRef

Holden, K. B., McGregor, B. S., Blanks, S. H., & Mahaffey, C. (2012). Psychosocial, socio-cultural, and environmental influences on mental health help seeking among African-American men. Journal of Men’s Health, 9, 63–69.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Jewell, K. S. (1988). Survival of the African American family: The institutional impact of US social policy. New York: Praeger.

Johnson, W. E. (Ed.). (2010). Social work with African American males: Health, mental health, and social policy. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Lee, C. C., & Bailey, D. F. (2006). Counseling African American male youth and men. In C. C. Lee (Ed.), Multicultural issues in counseling: New approaches to diversity (3rd ed., pp. 93–112). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.

Levant, R. F., Wimer, D. J., Williams, C. M., Smalley, K., & Noronha, D. (2009). The relationships between masculinity variables, health risk behaviors and attitudes toward seeking psychological help. International Journal of Men’s Health, 8(1), 3–21.CrossRef

Linden, A. (2006). All good. XXL, 10(1), 104–106, 108, 110.

Lindsey, M. A. (2010). What are depressed African American adolescent males saying about mental health services and providers? In W. E. Johnson Jr & W. E. Johnson Jr (Eds.), Social work with African American males: Health, mental health, and social policy (pp. 161–178). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.CrossRef

Lindsey, M. A., Joe, S., & Nebbitt, V. (2010). Family matters: The role of mental health stigma and social support on depressive symptoms and subsequent help seeking among African American boys. Journal of Black Psychology, 36(4), 458–482.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Lindsey, M. A., Korr, W. S., Broitman, M., Bone, L., Green, A., & Leaf, P. J. (2006). Help seeking behaviors and depression among African American adolescent boys. Social Work, 51, 49–58.PubMedCrossRef

Link, B. G., Cullen, F. T., Struening, E., Shrout, P. E., & Dohrenwend, B. P. (1989). A modified labeling theory approach to mental disorders: An empirical assessment. American Sociological Review, 54, 400–423.CrossRef

Mahalik, J. R., Good, G. E., & Englar-Carlson, M. (2003a). Masculinity scripts, presenting concerns, and help seeking: Implications for practice and training. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 34, 123–131.CrossRef

Mahalik, J. R., Locke, B. D., Ludlow, L. H., Diemer, M. A., Scott, R. P. J., Gottfried, M., et al. (2003b). Development of the conformity to masculine norms inventory. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 4, 3–25.CrossRef

Mansfield, A. K., Addis, M. E., & Courtenay, W. (2005). Measurement of men’s help seeking: Development and Evaluation of the Barriers to Help Seeking Scale. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 6, 95–108.CrossRef

McMillen, J. C., & Raghavan, R. (2009). Pediatric to adult mental health service use of young people leaving the foster care system. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44, 7–13.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

McMillen, J. C., Scott, L. D., Zima, B. T., Ollie, M. T., Munson, M. R., & Spitznagel, E. (2004). Use of mental health services among older youths in foster care. Psychiatric Services, 52, 189–195.

Morrow-Howell, N., & Proctor, E. K. (1992). The use of logistic regression in social work research. Journal of Social Service Research, 16, 87–104.CrossRef

Neighbors, H. W., & Jackson, J. S. (1984). The use of informal and formal help: Four patterns of illness behavior in the Black community. American Journal of Community Psychology, 12, 629–644.PubMedCrossRef

Pecora, P. J., Jensen, P. S., Romanelli, L. H., Jackson, L. J., & Ortiz, A. (2009a). Mental health services for children placed in foster care: An overview of current challenges. Child Welfare: Journal of Policy, Practice, and Program, 88, 5–26.

Pecora, P. J., White, C. R., Jackson, L. J., & Wiggins, T. (2009b). Mental health of current and former recipients of foster care: A review of recent studies in the USA. Child & Family Social Work, 14, 132–146.CrossRef

Proctor, E. K., & Stiffman, A. R. (1998). Background of services and treatment research. In J. B. W. Williams & K. Ell (Eds.), Advances in mental health research: Implications for Practice (pp. 259–286). Washington, D.C.: NASW Press.

Rasheed, J. M., & Rasheed, M. N. (1999). Social work practice with African American men: The invisible presence. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc.

Reid, P. N., & Gundlach, J. H. (1983). A scale for the measurement of consumer satisfaction with social services. Journal of Social Service Research, 7, 37–54.CrossRef

Robins, L., Cottler, L., Bucholz, K., & Compton, W. (1995). Diagnostic Interview Schedule for DSM-IV. St. Louis, MO: Washington University in St. Louis.

Russell, D. E. H. (1986). The secret trauma: Incest in the lives of girls and women. New York, NY: Basic Books.

Stevenson, H. C. (2004). Boys in men’s clothing: Racial socialization and neighborhood safety as buffers to hypervulnerability in African American adolescent males. In N. Way & J. Y. Chu (Eds.), Adolescent boys: Exploring diverse cultures of boyhood (pp. 59–77). New York: New York University Press.

Stiffman, A. R., Horwitz, S. M., & Hoagwood, K. (2000). The Service Assessment for Children and Adolescents (SACA): Adult and child reports. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 1032–1039.CrossRef

Taylor, R., Hardison, C., & Chatters, L. M. (1996). Kin and nonkin as sources of informal assistance. In H. W. Neighbors & J. S. Jackson (Eds.), Mental health in Black America (pp. 130–145). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.

Terrell, F., Taylor, J., Menzise, J., & Barrett, R. K. (2009). Cultural mistrust: A core component of African American consciousness. In H. A. Neville, B. M. Tynes, & S. O. Utsey (Eds.), Handbook of African American psychology (pp. 209–309). Los Angeles: Sage.

Terrell, F., & Terrell, S. (1981). An inventory to measure cultural mistrust among Blacks. The Western Journal of Black Studies, 5, 180–185.

Vogel, D. L., Heimerdinger-Edwards, S. R., Hammer, J. H., & Hubbard, A. (2011). “Boys don’t cry”: Examination of the links between endorsement of masculine norms, self-stigma, and help seeking attitudes for men from diverse backgrounds. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58, 368–382.PubMedCrossRef

Vogel, D. L., Wade, N. G., & Haake, S. (2006). Measuring the self-stigma associated with seeking psychological help. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 325–337.CrossRef

White, J. L., & Cones, J. H. (1999). Black man emerging: Facing the past and seizing a future in America. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company.

Woodward, A. T., Taylor, R. J., Bullard, K. M., Neighbors, H. W., Chatters, L. M., & Jackson, J. S. (2008). Use of professional and informal support by African Americans and Caribbean Blacks with mental disorders. Psychiatric Services, 59, 1292–1298.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Woodward, A., Taylor, R., & Chatters, L. M. (2011). Use of professional and informal support by Black men with mental disorders. Research On Social Work Practice, 21, 328–336.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Titel: Informal and Formal Help Seeking Among Older Black Male Foster Care Youth and Alumni
Auteurs: Lionel D. Scott Jr.
J. Curtis McMillen
Lonnie R. Snowden
Publicatiedatum: 01-02-2015
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 2/2015
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9832-0

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2015

Forgiveness, Adjustment to Divorce and Support from the Former Spouse in Spain

Females in the Juvenile Justice System: Influences on Delinquency and Recidivism

Helping the Noncompliant Child: An Assessment of Program Costs and Cost-Effectiveness

Examining the Feasibility and Acceptability of a Screening and Outreach Model Developed for a Peer Workforce

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Parenting Stress: Evidence from a Statewide Sample of New Mothers

Alcohol Use among Mexican Youths: Is Familismo Protective for Moderate Drinking?