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2024 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

18. Infertility

Auteurs : Dr. Simone L. Broer, Dr. Jesper M. J. Smeenk, Drs. Danah Kamphuis, Dr. Kim Dreyer, Dr. Astrid E. P. Cantineau, Prof. dr. Velja Mijatovic

Gepubliceerd in: Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Summary

Infertility is defined as failure to conceive spontaneously in 12 months of unprotected intercourse. Approximately one out of seven couples seek medical guidance for infertility. Due to postponing childbearing, this number may increase in the future. Infertility is a disability and should be investigated properly. Factors that influence fertility should be assessed and a work-up for both men and women should be performed. This includes a semen analysis, assessment of ovulations and evaluation of tubal pathology or other diseases that could influence fertility. If results reveal that a couple cannot conceive spontaneously, they are infertile, and appropriate treatment should be offered. Idiopathic infertility means that no cause for infertility was found. In these cases, a prognosis should be predicted to evaluate whether a couple should be advised to enter a fertility treatment programme or still has sufficient chances of a spontaneous pregnancy within 6–12 months and should therefore be counselled for expectant management.

vorige hoofdstuk The normal and abnormal menstrual cycle

volgende hoofdstuk Assisted reproductive technology

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Azoospermia

There is a complete lack of sperm in the ejaculate.

Asthenozoospermia

Refers to reduced sperm motility.

Cryptorchidism

The absence of one or both testes from the scrotum. Generally, the testis will not have descended into the scrotum before birth.

Idiopathic infertility

When fertility investigations do not find a cause for infertility.

Infertility

A disease characterised by the failure to establish a clinical pregnancy after 12 months of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse or due to an impairment of a person’s capacity to reproduce either as an individual or with their partner.

Ovarian reserve

Quantity and quality of the remaining primordial follicle pool of a woman, reflecting the ability to reproduce.

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Infection of the female genital tract.

Primary infertility

The couple has never conceived before.

Salpingitis

Infection of the fallopian tubes.

Secondary infertility

The couple has conceived before, however is now faced with infertility Note: within a couple the woman or man can separately have a primary or secondary infertility, meaning that they did achieve a pregnancy in the previous relationship but not with this partner. For example, a woman can have primary infertility while her partner has secondary infertility as he had a child with a previous partner.

Subfertility

The failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. A term that should be used interchangeably with infertility, according to the International Glossary on Infertility and Fertility Care (Fertility and Sterility 2017). Although the difference between ‘infertility’ and ‘sterility’ lies in the fact that no work-up has been done yet to establish the cause and treatment possibilities, for reasons of clarity only the term ‘infertility’ is used in this chapter.

Richtlijn orienterend fertiliteitsonderzoek. https://richtlijnendatabase.nl/richtlijn/orienterend_fertiliteitsonderzoek_ofo/startpagina_orienterend_fertilitietsonderzoek.html.

WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240030787.

Dreyer K, et al. Oil-based or water-based contrast for hysterosalpingography in infertile women. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(21):2043–52.CrossRefPubMed

Hunault CC, et al. Two new prediction rules for spontaneous pregnancy leading to live birth among subfertile couples, bases on the synthesis of three previous models. Hum Reprod. 2004;19(9):2019–26. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deh365.CrossRefPubMed

American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Optimizing natural fertility: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2022;117:53–63.CrossRef

Endometriosis guideline (eshre.eu) .

Diagnosis and classification of Genital Anomalies (eshre.eu) .

Hanstede et al., Live births after Asherman Syndrome treatment. Fertil Steril. 2021;116(4):1181–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.05.099..

The ethics of preconception expanded carrier screening in patients seeking assisted reproduction. EthicsECS (eshre.eu).

10.

ESHRE Task Force on Ethics and Law, including, Dondorp W, Wert G de, Pennings G, Shenfield F, Devroey P, Tarlatzis B, Barri P Diedrich K. Oocyte cryopreservation for age-related fertility loss. Hum Reprod. 2012;27(5):1231–37.

11.

Psychosocial care (eshre.eu).

12.

https://www.eshre.eu/Guidelines-and-Legal/Guidelines/Unexplained-infertility

Titel: Infertility
Auteurs: Dr. Simone L. Broer
Dr. Jesper M. J. Smeenk
Drs. Danah Kamphuis
Dr. Kim Dreyer
Dr. Astrid E. P. Cantineau
Prof. dr. Velja Mijatovic
Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Boek: Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Print ISBN: 978-90-368-2993-9

Elektronisch ISBN: 978-90-368-2994-6

Copyright: 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-2994-6_18

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

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