Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development 1/2020

29-07-2019 | Original Article

Increased Working Memory Load in a Dual-Task Design Impairs Nonverbal Social Encoding in Children with High and Low Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms

Auteurs: Dane C. Hilton, Matthew A. Jarrett, Ana T. Rondon, Josh Tutek, Mazheruddin M. Mulla

Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development | Uitgave 1/2020

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are known to have difficulty with peer relations, though the mechanisms by which these children struggle with interpersonal relationships are not well known. The current study examined the relation between working memory (WM) and the encoding of nonverbal social cues using a dual-task paradigm tested in children with High and Low ADHD symptoms. A total of 40 children were recruited (20 High ADHD; 20 Low ADHD) and completed computerized tasks of social encoding and WM in both single- and dual-task conditions. A series of repeated measures mixed-model ANOVAs revealed that both children with High ADHD and Low ADHD performed significantly worse during the dual-task condition compared to the single task conditions. Also, children with High ADHD had significantly lower performance than Low ADHD children on task-based social encoding and WM. This study supports the role of WM in nonverbal social encoding in children.
Voetnoten
1
The low percentage of Asian and Hispanic/Latino participants prevented us from examining differences across all racial/ethnic groups in the study.
 
2
For partial eta squared, 0.01 = small, 0.06 = medium, and 0.14 = large.
 
Literatuur
2.
go back to reference Rose AJ, Asher SR (2000) Children’s friendships. In: Hendrick C, Hendrick SS (eds) Close relationships: a sourcebook. Sage, New York Rose AJ, Asher SR (2000) Children’s friendships. In: Hendrick C, Hendrick SS (eds) Close relationships: a sourcebook. Sage, New York
3.
go back to reference Becker SP, Fite PJ, Luebbe A, Stoppelbein L, Greening L (2013) Friendship intimacy exchange buffers the relation between ADHD symptoms and later social problems among children attending an after-school care program. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 35:142–152 Becker SP, Fite PJ, Luebbe A, Stoppelbein L, Greening L (2013) Friendship intimacy exchange buffers the relation between ADHD symptoms and later social problems among children attending an after-school care program. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 35:142–152
4.
go back to reference Bukowski WM, Motzoi C, Meyer F (2009) Friendship as process, function, and outcome. In: Rubin K, Bukowski WM, Laursen B (eds) Handbook of peer interactions, relationships, and groups. Guilford, New York, pp 217–231 Bukowski WM, Motzoi C, Meyer F (2009) Friendship as process, function, and outcome. In: Rubin K, Bukowski WM, Laursen B (eds) Handbook of peer interactions, relationships, and groups. Guilford, New York, pp 217–231
5.
go back to reference Hodges EV, Boivin M, Vitaro F, Bukowski WM (1999) The power of friendship: protection against an escalating cycle of peer victimization. Dev Psychol 33:1032–1039 Hodges EV, Boivin M, Vitaro F, Bukowski WM (1999) The power of friendship: protection against an escalating cycle of peer victimization. Dev Psychol 33:1032–1039
6.
go back to reference Ladd GW, Kochenderfer BJ, Coleman C (1996) Friendship quality as a predictor of young children’s early school adjustment. Child Dev 67:1103–1118PubMed Ladd GW, Kochenderfer BJ, Coleman C (1996) Friendship quality as a predictor of young children’s early school adjustment. Child Dev 67:1103–1118PubMed
7.
go back to reference Vitaro F, Tremblay RE, Kerr M, Pagani L, Bukowski WM (1997) Disruptiveness, friends’ characteristics, and delinquency: a test of two competing models of development. Child Dev 68:676–689PubMed Vitaro F, Tremblay RE, Kerr M, Pagani L, Bukowski WM (1997) Disruptiveness, friends’ characteristics, and delinquency: a test of two competing models of development. Child Dev 68:676–689PubMed
8.
go back to reference Parker G, Seal J (1996) Forming, losing, renewing, and replacing friendships: applying temporal parameters to the assessment of children’s friendship experiences. Child Dev 67:2248–2268 Parker G, Seal J (1996) Forming, losing, renewing, and replacing friendships: applying temporal parameters to the assessment of children’s friendship experiences. Child Dev 67:2248–2268
11.
go back to reference Barkley RA (2012) Executive functions: what they are, how they work, and why they evolved. Guilford Press, New York Barkley RA (2012) Executive functions: what they are, how they work, and why they evolved. Guilford Press, New York
12.
13.
go back to reference Stuss DT, Benson DF (1986) The frontal lobes. Raven Press, New York Stuss DT, Benson DF (1986) The frontal lobes. Raven Press, New York
15.
go back to reference Hilton DC, Jarrett MA, McDonald KL, Ollendick TH (2017) Attention problems as a mediator of the relation between executive function and social problems in a child and adolescent outpatient sample. J Abnorm Child Psychol 45:777–788PubMed Hilton DC, Jarrett MA, McDonald KL, Ollendick TH (2017) Attention problems as a mediator of the relation between executive function and social problems in a child and adolescent outpatient sample. J Abnorm Child Psychol 45:777–788PubMed
16.
go back to reference Rinskey JR, Hinshaw SP (2011) Linkages between childhood executive functioning and adolescent social functioning and psychopathology in girls with ADHD. Child Neuropsychol 17:368–390 Rinskey JR, Hinshaw SP (2011) Linkages between childhood executive functioning and adolescent social functioning and psychopathology in girls with ADHD. Child Neuropsychol 17:368–390
18.
go back to reference McQuade JD, Murray-Close D, Shoulberg EK, Hoza B (2013) Working memory and social functioning in children. J Exp Child Psychol 115:422–435PubMed McQuade JD, Murray-Close D, Shoulberg EK, Hoza B (2013) Working memory and social functioning in children. J Exp Child Psychol 115:422–435PubMed
26.
go back to reference Hoza B, Mrug S, Gerdes AC, Hinshaw SP, Bukowski WM, Gold JA et al (2005) What aspects of peer relationships are impaired in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder? J Consult Clin Psychol 73:411–423PubMed Hoza B, Mrug S, Gerdes AC, Hinshaw SP, Bukowski WM, Gold JA et al (2005) What aspects of peer relationships are impaired in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder? J Consult Clin Psychol 73:411–423PubMed
27.
go back to reference Pelham WE, Bender ME (1982) Peer relationships in hyperactive children: description and treatment. In: Gadow KD, Bailer I (eds) Advances in learning and behavioral disabilities, vol 1. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp 365–436 Pelham WE, Bender ME (1982) Peer relationships in hyperactive children: description and treatment. In: Gadow KD, Bailer I (eds) Advances in learning and behavioral disabilities, vol 1. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp 365–436
28.
go back to reference Bickett L, Milich R (1990) First impressions formed of boys with learning disabilities and attention deficit disorder. J Learn Disabil 23:253–259PubMed Bickett L, Milich R (1990) First impressions formed of boys with learning disabilities and attention deficit disorder. J Learn Disabil 23:253–259PubMed
29.
go back to reference Boo GM, Prins PJM (2007) Social incompetence in children with ADHD: possible mediators and moderators in social skills training. Clin Psychol Rev 27:78–97PubMed Boo GM, Prins PJM (2007) Social incompetence in children with ADHD: possible mediators and moderators in social skills training. Clin Psychol Rev 27:78–97PubMed
30.
go back to reference Heiman T (2005) An examination of peer relationships of children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Sch Psychol Int 26:330–339 Heiman T (2005) An examination of peer relationships of children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Sch Psychol Int 26:330–339
31.
go back to reference van der Oord S, van der Meulen EM, Prins PJM, Oosterlaan J, Buitelaar JK, Emmelkamp PMG (2005) A psychometric evaluation of the social skills rating system in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Behav Res Ther 43:733–746PubMed van der Oord S, van der Meulen EM, Prins PJM, Oosterlaan J, Buitelaar JK, Emmelkamp PMG (2005) A psychometric evaluation of the social skills rating system in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Behav Res Ther 43:733–746PubMed
32.
go back to reference Kasper LJ, Alderson RM, Hudec KL (2012) Moderators of working memory deficits in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev 32:605–617PubMed Kasper LJ, Alderson RM, Hudec KL (2012) Moderators of working memory deficits in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev 32:605–617PubMed
33.
go back to reference Martinussen R, Hayden J, Hogg-Johnson S, Tannock R (2005) A meta-analysis of working memory impairments in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 44:377–384PubMed Martinussen R, Hayden J, Hogg-Johnson S, Tannock R (2005) A meta-analysis of working memory impairments in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 44:377–384PubMed
34.
go back to reference Deater-Deckard K, Sewell MD, Petrill SA, Thompson LA (2010) Maternal working memory and reactive negativity in parenting. Psychol Sci 21:75–79PubMed Deater-Deckard K, Sewell MD, Petrill SA, Thompson LA (2010) Maternal working memory and reactive negativity in parenting. Psychol Sci 21:75–79PubMed
35.
go back to reference Bunford N, Brandt NE, Golden C, Dykstra JB, Suhr JA, Owens JS (2015) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms mediate the association between deficits in executive functioning and social impairment in children. J Abnorm Child Psychol 43:133–147PubMed Bunford N, Brandt NE, Golden C, Dykstra JB, Suhr JA, Owens JS (2015) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms mediate the association between deficits in executive functioning and social impairment in children. J Abnorm Child Psychol 43:133–147PubMed
36.
go back to reference Crick NR, Dodge KA (1994) A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children’s social adjustment. Psychol Bull 115:74 Crick NR, Dodge KA (1994) A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children’s social adjustment. Psychol Bull 115:74
37.
go back to reference Andrade BF, Waschbusch DA, Doucet A, King S, MacKinnon M, McGrath PJ et al (2012) Social information processing of positive and negative hypothetical events in children with ADHD and conduct problems and controls. J Atten Disord 16:491–504PubMed Andrade BF, Waschbusch DA, Doucet A, King S, MacKinnon M, McGrath PJ et al (2012) Social information processing of positive and negative hypothetical events in children with ADHD and conduct problems and controls. J Atten Disord 16:491–504PubMed
38.
go back to reference Matthys W, Cuperus JM, Van Engeland H (1999) Deficient social problem-solving in boys with ODD/CD, with ADHD, and with both disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38:311–321PubMed Matthys W, Cuperus JM, Van Engeland H (1999) Deficient social problem-solving in boys with ODD/CD, with ADHD, and with both disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38:311–321PubMed
39.
go back to reference Cadesky EB, Mota VL, Schachar RJ (2000) Beyond words: how do children with ADHD and/or conduct problems process nonverbal information about affect? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 39:1160–1167PubMed Cadesky EB, Mota VL, Schachar RJ (2000) Beyond words: how do children with ADHD and/or conduct problems process nonverbal information about affect? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 39:1160–1167PubMed
40.
go back to reference Sibley MH, Evans SW, Serpell ZN (2010) Social cognition and interpersonal impairment in young adolescents with ADHD. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 32:193–202 Sibley MH, Evans SW, Serpell ZN (2010) Social cognition and interpersonal impairment in young adolescents with ADHD. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 32:193–202
41.
go back to reference McQuade JD, Hoza B (2015) Peer relationships of Children with ADHD. In: Barkley RA (ed) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The Guilford Press, New York & London, pp 288–305 McQuade JD, Hoza B (2015) Peer relationships of Children with ADHD. In: Barkley RA (ed) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The Guilford Press, New York & London, pp 288–305
42.
go back to reference Milch-Reich S, Campbell SB, Pelham WE Jr, Connelly LM, Geva D (1999) Developmental and individual differences in children’s on-line representations of dynamic social events. Child Dev 70:413–431PubMed Milch-Reich S, Campbell SB, Pelham WE Jr, Connelly LM, Geva D (1999) Developmental and individual differences in children’s on-line representations of dynamic social events. Child Dev 70:413–431PubMed
43.
go back to reference Phillips LH, Tunstall M, Channon S (2007) Exploring the role of working memory in dynamic social cue decoding using dual task methodology. J Nonverb Behav 31:137–152 Phillips LH, Tunstall M, Channon S (2007) Exploring the role of working memory in dynamic social cue decoding using dual task methodology. J Nonverb Behav 31:137–152
44.
go back to reference Patterson ML, Stockbridge E (1998) Effects of cognitive demand and judgment strategy on person perception accuracy. J Nonverb Behav 22:253–263 Patterson ML, Stockbridge E (1998) Effects of cognitive demand and judgment strategy on person perception accuracy. J Nonverb Behav 22:253–263
45.
go back to reference Phillips LH, Channon S, Tunstall M, Hedenstrom A, Lyons K (2008) The role of working memory in decoding emotions. Emo 8:184 Phillips LH, Channon S, Tunstall M, Hedenstrom A, Lyons K (2008) The role of working memory in decoding emotions. Emo 8:184
46.
go back to reference Wegner DM, Bargh JA (1997) Control and automaticity in social life. In: Gilbert DT, Fiske SL, Gardner L (eds) Handbook of social psychology, 4th edn. McGraw Hill, New York, pp 446–498 Wegner DM, Bargh JA (1997) Control and automaticity in social life. In: Gilbert DT, Fiske SL, Gardner L (eds) Handbook of social psychology, 4th edn. McGraw Hill, New York, pp 446–498
47.
go back to reference Gilbert DT, Pelham BW, Krull DS (1988) On cognitive busyness: when person perceivers meet persons perceived. J Pers Soc Psychol 54:733 Gilbert DT, Pelham BW, Krull DS (1988) On cognitive busyness: when person perceivers meet persons perceived. J Pers Soc Psychol 54:733
48.
go back to reference Bryson G, Bell M, Lysaker P (1997) Affect recognition in schizophrenia: a function of global impairment or a specific cognitive deficit. Psychiatry Res 71:105–113PubMed Bryson G, Bell M, Lysaker P (1997) Affect recognition in schizophrenia: a function of global impairment or a specific cognitive deficit. Psychiatry Res 71:105–113PubMed
49.
go back to reference Channon S, Crawford S (2000) The effects of anterior lesions on performance on a story comprehension test: left anterior impairment on a theory of mind-type task. Neuropsychologia 38:1006–1017PubMed Channon S, Crawford S (2000) The effects of anterior lesions on performance on a story comprehension test: left anterior impairment on a theory of mind-type task. Neuropsychologia 38:1006–1017PubMed
50.
go back to reference Mah L, Arnold MC, Grafman J (2004) Impairment of social perception associated with lesions of the prefrontal cortex. Am J Psychiatry 161:1247–1255PubMed Mah L, Arnold MC, Grafman J (2004) Impairment of social perception associated with lesions of the prefrontal cortex. Am J Psychiatry 161:1247–1255PubMed
51.
go back to reference Rosenthal R, Hall JA, DiMatteo MR, Rogers PL, Archer D (1979) Sensitivity to nonverbal communication: the PONS test. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore Rosenthal R, Hall JA, DiMatteo MR, Rogers PL, Archer D (1979) Sensitivity to nonverbal communication: the PONS test. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
52.
go back to reference Archer D, Costanzo M (1988) A guide to the interpersonal perception task (IPT) for instructors and researchers. University of California Center for Media, Berkeley Archer D, Costanzo M (1988) A guide to the interpersonal perception task (IPT) for instructors and researchers. University of California Center for Media, Berkeley
53.
go back to reference Gioia GA, Isquith PK, Retzlaff PD, Espy KA (2002) Confirmatory factor analysis of the behavior rating inventory of executive function (BRIEF) in a clinical sample. Child Neuropsychol 8:249–257PubMed Gioia GA, Isquith PK, Retzlaff PD, Espy KA (2002) Confirmatory factor analysis of the behavior rating inventory of executive function (BRIEF) in a clinical sample. Child Neuropsychol 8:249–257PubMed
54.
go back to reference Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA (2001) Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles. University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry, Burlington Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA (2001) Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles. University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry, Burlington
55.
go back to reference Lawrence EJ, Shaw P, Giampietro VP, Surguladze S, Brammer MJ, David AS (2006) The role of ‘shared representations’ in social perception and empathy: an fRMI study. Nero-Image 29:1173–1184 Lawrence EJ, Shaw P, Giampietro VP, Surguladze S, Brammer MJ, David AS (2006) The role of ‘shared representations’ in social perception and empathy: an fRMI study. Nero-Image 29:1173–1184
56.
go back to reference Wechsler D (2008) Wechsler adult intelligence scale-fourth. The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio Wechsler D (2008) Wechsler adult intelligence scale-fourth. The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio
57.
go back to reference Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G, Buchner A (2007) G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 39:175–191PubMed Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G, Buchner A (2007) G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 39:175–191PubMed
58.
go back to reference Ros R, Graziano PA (2018) Social functioning in children with or at risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 47:213–235PubMed Ros R, Graziano PA (2018) Social functioning in children with or at risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 47:213–235PubMed
59.
go back to reference Oberauer K, Su H-M, Wilhelm O, Sander N (2007) Individual differences in working memory capacity and reasoning ability. In: Conway ARA, Jarrold C, Kane MJ, Miyake A, Towse JN (eds) Variation in working memory. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 49–75 Oberauer K, Su H-M, Wilhelm O, Sander N (2007) Individual differences in working memory capacity and reasoning ability. In: Conway ARA, Jarrold C, Kane MJ, Miyake A, Towse JN (eds) Variation in working memory. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 49–75
60.
go back to reference Unsworth N, Spillers GJ (2010) Working memory capacity: attention, memory, or both? A direct test of the dual-component model. J Mem Lang 62:392–406 Unsworth N, Spillers GJ (2010) Working memory capacity: attention, memory, or both? A direct test of the dual-component model. J Mem Lang 62:392–406
61.
go back to reference Kane MJ, Conway ARA, Miura TK, Colflesh GJ (2007) Working memory, attention control, and the N-back task: a question of construct validity. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 33:615–622PubMed Kane MJ, Conway ARA, Miura TK, Colflesh GJ (2007) Working memory, attention control, and the N-back task: a question of construct validity. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 33:615–622PubMed
62.
go back to reference Jaeggi SM, Buschkuehl M, Perrig WJ, Meier B (2010) The concurrent validity of the N-back task as a working memory measure. Mem 18:394–412 Jaeggi SM, Buschkuehl M, Perrig WJ, Meier B (2010) The concurrent validity of the N-back task as a working memory measure. Mem 18:394–412
63.
go back to reference Redick TS, Lindsey DR (2013) Complex span and n-back measures of working memory: a meta-analysis. Psychonom Bull Rev 20:1102–1113 Redick TS, Lindsey DR (2013) Complex span and n-back measures of working memory: a meta-analysis. Psychonom Bull Rev 20:1102–1113
64.
go back to reference Chacko A, Kofler M, Jarrett M (2014) Improving outcomes for youth with ADHD: a conceptual framework for combined neurocognitive and skill-based treatment approaches. Clin Child Fam Psychol 17:368–384 Chacko A, Kofler M, Jarrett M (2014) Improving outcomes for youth with ADHD: a conceptual framework for combined neurocognitive and skill-based treatment approaches. Clin Child Fam Psychol 17:368–384
65.
go back to reference Rapport MD, Orban SA, Kofler MJ, Friedman LM (2013) Do programs designed to train working memory, other executive functions, and attention benefit children with ADHD? A meta-analytic review of cognitive, academic, and behavioral outcomes. Clin Psychol Rev 33:1237–1252PubMed Rapport MD, Orban SA, Kofler MJ, Friedman LM (2013) Do programs designed to train working memory, other executive functions, and attention benefit children with ADHD? A meta-analytic review of cognitive, academic, and behavioral outcomes. Clin Psychol Rev 33:1237–1252PubMed
Metagegevens
Titel
Increased Working Memory Load in a Dual-Task Design Impairs Nonverbal Social Encoding in Children with High and Low Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms
Auteurs
Dane C. Hilton
Matthew A. Jarrett
Ana T. Rondon
Josh Tutek
Mazheruddin M. Mulla
Publicatiedatum
29-07-2019
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Child Psychiatry & Human Development / Uitgave 1/2020
Print ISSN: 0009-398X
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3327
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-019-00915-3

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2020

Child Psychiatry & Human Development 1/2020 Naar de uitgave