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21-05-2024 | Original Paper

How do Emotional Availability, Attachment, and Parenting Stress Relate to Attachment Security? Findings from Turkish Mother-Toddler Dyads

Auteurs: Zeynep Tasel-Gunal, Gizem Arikan

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 7/2024

Abstract

Maternal characteristics mainly shape attachment security in early childhood and can impact toddler’s emotional and social development. Although early determinants of attachment have been widely explored in the West, the studies in non-Western cultures are limited, especially in high-risk groups such as low-SES samples. Therefore, we examined the role of maternal parenting stress, attachment dimensions of anxiety and avoidance in romantic relationships and emotional availability in toddlers’ attachment security. The Turkish mothers (N = 63; M_age = 30.17; SD = 4.87) filled out a pack of questionnaires including the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF; Abidin, 1995) and Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R; Fraley et al., 2000) before video recorded home visits. The toddlers’ (M_age = 22.96 months, SD = 7.09) attachment security was coded for Attachment Q-Sort (AQS; Waters, 1995) based on 2.5-h home-visit and 10-min free-play sessions were coded for Emotional Availability Scales (EAS; Biringen, 2008). The results showed that the mother’s attachment avoidance and parenting stress were negatively associated with the child’s attachment security, while the maternal sensitivity and structuring were positively associated with the child’s attachment security. The mothers’ behaviours on EAS did not mediate the relationship between maternal attachment dimensions and toddlers’ attachment security. We showed that maternal attachment avoidance, parenting stress, lack of sensitivity and structuring behaviours could contribute to insecure attachment in Turkish toddlers. These identified factors warrant attention in the design and implementation of early intervention programs, particularly for mothers from low socio-economic status (SES) backgrounds in Turkey and in non-Western cultures characterised by similar cultural characteristics.

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Titel: How do Emotional Availability, Attachment, and Parenting Stress Relate to Attachment Security? Findings from Turkish Mother-Toddler Dyads
Auteurs: Zeynep Tasel-Gunal
Gizem Arikan
Publicatiedatum: 21-05-2024
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 7/2024
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-024-02783-5

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