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02-09-2023 | Empirical Research

Household Income and Early Adolescents’ Executive Function: The Different Roles of Perceived Discrimination and Shift-and-Persist

Auteurs: Jiatian Zhang, Kehan Mei, Yiyi Deng, Yi Ren, Silin Huang

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 12/2023

Abstract

Household income predicts early adolescents’ cognitive development. However, the mechanism underlying this association and protective factors are unclear. This study assessed one-year longitudinal data to examine whether perceived discrimination mediated the association between household income and executive function and the moderating role of shift-and-persist. 344 early adolescents in rural China were included in the study (mean = 10.88 years, SD = 1.32 years, girls: 51.74%). The latent variable model revealed that household income predicted early adolescents’ cognitive flexibility and working memory in the subsequent year through perceived discrimination. Shift-and-persist moderated the negative effects of perceived discrimination on cognitive flexibility: perceived discrimination impeded cognitive flexibility only among early adolescents with low shift-and-persist. The findings highlight perceived discrimination in the relation between household income and early adolescents’ executive function and underscore the protective role of shift-and-persist.

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The county to conduct the experiment was a Chinese original impoverished county. Since China eliminated absolute poverty in 2020, the county was no longer an impoverished county registered in the state system in 2021 when the second measurement was taken. However, the county was still in a state of relative poverty. According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China (2021), the personal per capita disposable income was 35,128 CNY in 2021, while the per capita disposable income of residents in the county was only 19,614 CNY, approximately only 56% of the national level.

The current study investigated early adolescents living in an original impoverished county in China. Although some of the families were neither poor nor minimal-assurance households registered in the state system, these adolescents’ families still experienced relative poverty, as the information in the state system represented only a state of absolute poverty, but not relative poverty. For more details, see Table 2 in the Appendix.

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Titel: Household Income and Early Adolescents’ Executive Function: The Different Roles of Perceived Discrimination and Shift-and-Persist
Auteurs: Jiatian Zhang
Kehan Mei
Yiyi Deng
Yi Ren
Silin Huang
Publicatiedatum: 02-09-2023
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 12/2023
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-023-01851-1

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