Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Neuropraxis 2/2003

01-04-2003 | Artikelen

Het onderste uit de kan: efficiënte leerstrategieën voor ouderen

Auteur: Dr. Pascal van Gerven

Gepubliceerd in: Neuropraxis | Uitgave 2/2003

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

In een zich technologisch snel ontwikkelende en tegelijkertijd vergrijzende maatschappij, groeit bij ouderen de behoefte aan bijscholing. Het zich op oudere leeftijd eigen maken van complexe nieuwe materie is echter geen sinecure. Aan motivatie ontbreekt het meestal niet. De bottleneck bij het aanleren van nieuwe complexe vaardigheden zit in het verouderende cognitieve systeem, met name het werkgeheugen. Een minder functionerend werkgeheugen heeft consequenties voor het leervermogen. In dit artikel wordt geopperd dat de cognitieve-belastingtheorie (Sweller, Van Merriënboer & Paas, 1998) hiervoor compensatie kan bieden. Trainingen die op deze theorie zijn gebaseerd reduceren de hoeveelheid irrelevante belasting van het werkgeheugen en stimuleren relevante mentale activiteit. Geconcludeerd wordt dat deze strategie vooral bij ouderen zijn vruchten afwerpt.
Literatuur
go back to reference Allen, P.A., Madden, D.J., Groth, K.E., & Crozier, L.C. (1992). Impact of age, redundancy, and perceptual noise on visual search. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 47, 69-74. Allen, P.A., Madden, D.J., Groth, K.E., & Crozier, L.C. (1992). Impact of age, redundancy, and perceptual noise on visual search. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 47, 69-74.
go back to reference Baddeley, A. (1992). Working memory. Science, 255, 556-559. Baddeley, A. (1992). Working memory. Science, 255, 556-559.
go back to reference Chandler, P., & Sweller, J. (1992). The split-attention effect as a factor in the design of instruction. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 62, 233-246. Chandler, P., & Sweller, J. (1992). The split-attention effect as a factor in the design of instruction. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 62, 233-246.
go back to reference Hasher, L., & Zacks, R.T. (1988). Working memory, comprehension, and aging: A review and a new view. In G.H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 22, pp. 193-225). San Diego: Academic Press. Hasher, L., & Zacks, R.T. (1988). Working memory, comprehension, and aging: A review and a new view. In G.H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 22, pp. 193-225). San Diego: Academic Press.
go back to reference Kalyuga, S., Chandler, P., & Sweller, J. (1999). Managing split-attention and redundancy in multimedia instruction. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 13, 351-371. Kalyuga, S., Chandler, P., & Sweller, J. (1999). Managing split-attention and redundancy in multimedia instruction. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 13, 351-371.
go back to reference Luchins, A. S. (1942). Mechanization in problem solving: The effect of Einstellung. Psychological Monographs, 54, Whole No. 248. Luchins, A. S. (1942). Mechanization in problem solving: The effect of Einstellung. Psychological Monographs, 54, Whole No. 248.
go back to reference Mayer, R.E., & Moreno, R. (1998). A split-attention effect in multimedia learning: Evidence for dual processing systems in working memory. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90, 312-320. Mayer, R.E., & Moreno, R. (1998). A split-attention effect in multimedia learning: Evidence for dual processing systems in working memory. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90, 312-320.
go back to reference Miller, E.M. (1994). Intelligence and brain myelination: A hypothesis. Personality and Individual Differences, 17, 803-833. Miller, E.M. (1994). Intelligence and brain myelination: A hypothesis. Personality and Individual Differences, 17, 803-833.
go back to reference Paas, F. (1992). Training strategies for attaining transfer of problem-solving skill in statistics: A cognitive-load approach. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84, 429-434. Paas, F. (1992). Training strategies for attaining transfer of problem-solving skill in statistics: A cognitive-load approach. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84, 429-434.
go back to reference Paas, F., & Van Merriënboer, J.J.G. (1994). Variability of worked examples and transfer of geometrical problem-solving skills: A cognitive-load approach. Journal of Educational Psychology,86, 122-133. Paas, F., & Van Merriënboer, J.J.G. (1994). Variability of worked examples and transfer of geometrical problem-solving skills: A cognitive-load approach. Journal of Educational Psychology,86, 122-133.
go back to reference Salthouse, T.A. (1996). The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition. Psychological Review,103, 403-428. Salthouse, T.A. (1996). The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition. Psychological Review,103, 403-428.
go back to reference Salthouse, T.A., & Babcock, R.L. (1991). Decomposing adult age differences in working memory. Developmental Psychology, 27, 763-776. Salthouse, T.A., & Babcock, R.L. (1991). Decomposing adult age differences in working memory. Developmental Psychology, 27, 763-776.
go back to reference Stoltzfus, E.R., Hasher, L., & Zacks, R.T. (1996). Working memory and aging: Current status of the inhibitory view. In J.T.E. Richardson, R.W. Engle, L. Hasher, R.H. Logie, E.R. Stoltzfus, & R.T. Zacks (Eds.), Working memory and human cognition (pp. 66-88). New York: Oxford University Press. Stoltzfus, E.R., Hasher, L., & Zacks, R.T. (1996). Working memory and aging: Current status of the inhibitory view. In J.T.E. Richardson, R.W. Engle, L. Hasher, R.H. Logie, E.R. Stoltzfus, & R.T. Zacks (Eds.), Working memory and human cognition (pp. 66-88). New York: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Sweller, J., Van Merriënboer, J.J.G., & Paas, F. (1998). Cognitive architecture and instructional design. Educational Psychology Review, 10, 251-296. Sweller, J., Van Merriënboer, J.J.G., & Paas, F. (1998). Cognitive architecture and instructional design. Educational Psychology Review, 10, 251-296.
go back to reference Sweller, J., Chandler, P., Tierney, P., & Cooper, M. (1990). Cognitive load as a factor in the structuring of technical material. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 119, 176-192. Sweller, J., Chandler, P., Tierney, P., & Cooper, M. (1990). Cognitive load as a factor in the structuring of technical material. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 119, 176-192.
go back to reference Van Gerven, P.W.M. (2002). Efficient complex skill training into old age: Exploring the benefits of cognitive load theory. Proefschrift, Universiteit Maastricht. Van Gerven, P.W.M. (2002). Efficient complex skill training into old age: Exploring the benefits of cognitive load theory. Proefschrift, Universiteit Maastricht.
go back to reference Van Gerven, P.W.M., Paas, F., Van Merriënboer, J.J.G., Hendriks, M., & Schmidt, H.G. (2002). The efficiency of multimedia learning into old age. Manuscript ingediend voor publicatie. Van Gerven, P.W.M., Paas, F., Van Merriënboer, J.J.G., Hendriks, M., & Schmidt, H.G. (2002). The efficiency of multimedia learning into old age. Manuscript ingediend voor publicatie.
go back to reference Van Gerven, P.W.M., Paas, F., Van Merriënboer, J.J.G., & Schmidt, H.G. (2000). Cognitive load theory and the acquisition of complex cognitive skills in the elderly: Towards an integrative framework. Educational Gerontology, 26, 503-521. Van Gerven, P.W.M., Paas, F., Van Merriënboer, J.J.G., & Schmidt, H.G. (2000). Cognitive load theory and the acquisition of complex cognitive skills in the elderly: Towards an integrative framework. Educational Gerontology, 26, 503-521.
go back to reference Van Gerven, P.W.M., Paas, F., Van Merriënboer, J.J.G., & Schmidt, H.G. (2002a). Cognitive load theory and aging: Effects of worked examples on training efficiency. Learning and Instruction, 12, 87-105. Van Gerven, P.W.M., Paas, F., Van Merriënboer, J.J.G., & Schmidt, H.G. (2002a). Cognitive load theory and aging: Effects of worked examples on training efficiency. Learning and Instruction, 12, 87-105.
go back to reference Van Gerven, P.W.M., Paas, F., Van Merriënboer, J.J.G., & Schmidt, H.G. (2002b). Modality and variability as factors in training the elderly. Manuscript ingediend voor publicatie. Van Gerven, P.W.M., Paas, F., Van Merriënboer, J.J.G., & Schmidt, H.G. (2002b). Modality and variability as factors in training the elderly. Manuscript ingediend voor publicatie.
go back to reference Ward, M., & Sweller, J. (1990). Structuring effective worked examples. Cognition and Instruction, , 1-39. Ward, M., & Sweller, J. (1990). Structuring effective worked examples. Cognition and Instruction, , 1-39.
go back to reference Wingfield, A., Stine, E.A.L., Lahar, C.J., & Aberdeen, J.S. (1988). Does the capacity of working memory change with age? Experimental Aging Research,14, 103-107. Wingfield, A., Stine, E.A.L., Lahar, C.J., & Aberdeen, J.S. (1988). Does the capacity of working memory change with age? Experimental Aging Research,14, 103-107.
Metagegevens
Titel
Het onderste uit de kan: efficiënte leerstrategieën voor ouderen
Auteur
Dr. Pascal van Gerven
Publicatiedatum
01-04-2003
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Gepubliceerd in
Neuropraxis / Uitgave 2/2003
Print ISSN: 1387-5817
Elektronisch ISSN: 1876-5785
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03099809

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2003

Neuropraxis 2/2003 Naar de uitgave

Woorden vooraf

Woorden vooraf