Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in:

15-02-2018

Health-related quality of life among US military personnel injured in combat: findings from the Wounded Warrior Recovery Project

Auteurs: Susan I. Woodruff, Michael R. Galarneau, Cameron T. McCabe, Daniel I. Sack, Mary C. Clouser

Gepubliceerd in: Quality of Life Research | Uitgave 5/2018

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Purpose

Little is known about the long-term, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of those wounded in combat during Operations Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom, and New Dawn. The present study described the overall HRQOL for a large group of US service members experiencing mild-to-severe combat-related injuries, and assessed the unique contribution of demographics, service- and injury-related characteristics, and mental health factors on long-term HRQOL.

Method

The Wounded Warrior Recovery Project examines patient-reported outcomes in a cohort of US military personnel wounded in combat. Participants were identified from the Expeditionary Medical Encounter Database, a US Navy-maintained deployment health database, and invited to complete a web-based survey. At the time of this study, 3245 service members consented and completed the survey. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the unique contribution of each set of antecedents on HRQOL scores.

Results

HRQOL was uniquely associated with a number of demographics, and service- and injury-related characteristics. Nevertheless, screening positive for posttraumatic stress disorder (B = − .09; P < .001), depression (B = − .10; P < .001), or both as a set (B = − .19; P < .001) were the strongest predictors of lower long-term HRQOL.

Conclusions

Postinjury HRQOL among service members wounded in combat was associated with service and injury experience, and demographic factors, but was most strongly linked with current mental health status. These findings underscore the significance of mental health issues long after injury. Further, findings reinforce that long-term mental health screening, services, and treatment are needed for those injured in combat.
Literatuur
4.
go back to reference Gawande, A. (2004). Casualties of war—military care for the wounded from Iraq and Afghanistan. New England Journal of Medicine, 351(24), 2471–2475.CrossRefPubMed Gawande, A. (2004). Casualties of war—military care for the wounded from Iraq and Afghanistan. New England Journal of Medicine, 351(24), 2471–2475.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. (2010). Returning home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary assessment of readjustment needs of veterans, service members, and their families. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. (2010). Returning home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary assessment of readjustment needs of veterans, service members, and their families. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
6.
go back to reference Goldberg, M. S. (2016). Casualty rates of US military personnel during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Defence and Peace Economics, 2016, 1–21. Goldberg, M. S. (2016). Casualty rates of US military personnel during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Defence and Peace Economics, 2016, 1–21.
7.
go back to reference Bilmes, L. (2007). Soldiers returning from Iraq and Afghanistan: The long-term costs of providing veterans medical care and disability benefits. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government. Bilmes, L. (2007). Soldiers returning from Iraq and Afghanistan: The long-term costs of providing veterans medical care and disability benefits. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government.
8.
go back to reference The WHOQOL Group (1998). The World Health Organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL): Development and general psychometric properties. Social Science & Medicine, 46(12), 1569–1585.CrossRef The WHOQOL Group (1998). The World Health Organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL): Development and general psychometric properties. Social Science & Medicine, 46(12), 1569–1585.CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Schok, M. L., & de Vries, J. (2005). Predicting overall quality of life and general health of veterans with and without health problems. Military Psychology, 17(2), 89.CrossRef Schok, M. L., & de Vries, J. (2005). Predicting overall quality of life and general health of veterans with and without health problems. Military Psychology, 17(2), 89.CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Moergeli, H., Wittmann, L., & Schnyder, U. (2012). Quality of life after traumatic injury: A latent trajectory modeling approach. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 81(5), 305–311.CrossRefPubMed Moergeli, H., Wittmann, L., & Schnyder, U. (2012). Quality of life after traumatic injury: A latent trajectory modeling approach. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 81(5), 305–311.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Spertus, J. A., Jones, P., McDonell, M., Fan, V., & Fihn, S. D. (2002). Health status predicts long-term outcome in outpatients with coronary disease. Circulation, 106(1), 43–49.CrossRefPubMed Spertus, J. A., Jones, P., McDonell, M., Fan, V., & Fihn, S. D. (2002). Health status predicts long-term outcome in outpatients with coronary disease. Circulation, 106(1), 43–49.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Asano, M., Rushton, P., Miller, W. C., & Deathe, B. A. (2008). Predictors of quality of life among individuals who have a lower limb amputation. Prosthetics and Orthotics International, 32(2), 231–243.CrossRefPubMed Asano, M., Rushton, P., Miller, W. C., & Deathe, B. A. (2008). Predictors of quality of life among individuals who have a lower limb amputation. Prosthetics and Orthotics International, 32(2), 231–243.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Boehmer, T. K., Boothe, V. L., Flanders, W. D., & Barrett, D. H. (2003). Health-related quality of life of US military personnel: A population-based study. Military Medicine, 168(11), 941.CrossRefPubMed Boehmer, T. K., Boothe, V. L., Flanders, W. D., & Barrett, D. H. (2003). Health-related quality of life of US military personnel: A population-based study. Military Medicine, 168(11), 941.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Singh, J. A., Borowsky, S. J., Nugent, S., Murdoch, M., Zhao, Y., Nelson, D. B., & Nichol, K. L. (2005). Health-related quality of life, functional impairment, and healthcare utilization by veterans: Veterans’ quality of life study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53(1), 108–113.CrossRefPubMed Singh, J. A., Borowsky, S. J., Nugent, S., Murdoch, M., Zhao, Y., Nelson, D. B., & Nichol, K. L. (2005). Health-related quality of life, functional impairment, and healthcare utilization by veterans: Veterans’ quality of life study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53(1), 108–113.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Voelker, M. D., Saag, K. G., Schwartz, D. A., Chrischilles, E., Clarke, W. R., Woolson, R. F., & Doebbeling, B. N. (2002). Health-related quality of life in Gulf War era military personnel. American Journal of Epidemiology, 155(10), 899–907.CrossRefPubMed Voelker, M. D., Saag, K. G., Schwartz, D. A., Chrischilles, E., Clarke, W. R., Woolson, R. F., & Doebbeling, B. N. (2002). Health-related quality of life in Gulf War era military personnel. American Journal of Epidemiology, 155(10), 899–907.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Mancino, M. J., Pyne, J. M., Tripathi, S., Constans, J., Roca, V., & Freeman, T. (2006). Quality-adjusted health status in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194(11), 877–879.CrossRefPubMed Mancino, M. J., Pyne, J. M., Tripathi, S., Constans, J., Roca, V., & Freeman, T. (2006). Quality-adjusted health status in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194(11), 877–879.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Forman-Hoffman, V. L., Carney, C. P., Sampson, T. R., Peloso, P. M., Woolson, R. F., Black, D. W., & Doebbeling, B. N. (2005). Mental health comorbidity patterns and impact on quality of life among veterans serving during the first Gulf War. Quality of Life Research, 14(10), 2303–2314.CrossRefPubMed Forman-Hoffman, V. L., Carney, C. P., Sampson, T. R., Peloso, P. M., Woolson, R. F., Black, D. W., & Doebbeling, B. N. (2005). Mental health comorbidity patterns and impact on quality of life among veterans serving during the first Gulf War. Quality of Life Research, 14(10), 2303–2314.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Brickell, T. A., Lange, R. T., & French, L. M. (2014). Health-related quality of life within the first 5 years following military-related concurrent mild traumatic brain injury and polytrauma. Military Medicine, 179(8), 827–838.CrossRefPubMed Brickell, T. A., Lange, R. T., & French, L. M. (2014). Health-related quality of life within the first 5 years following military-related concurrent mild traumatic brain injury and polytrauma. Military Medicine, 179(8), 827–838.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Melcer, T., Walker, G. J., Franklin Sechriest, V., Galarneau, I. I., Konoske, M., P., & Pyo, J. (2013). Short-term physical and mental health outcomes for combat amputee and nonamputee extremity injury patients. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, 27(2), e31-e37.CrossRef Melcer, T., Walker, G. J., Franklin Sechriest, V., Galarneau, I. I., Konoske, M., P., & Pyo, J. (2013). Short-term physical and mental health outcomes for combat amputee and nonamputee extremity injury patients. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, 27(2), e31-e37.CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Smith, B. M., LaVela, S. L., & Weaver, F. M. (2008). Health-related quality of life for veterans with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 46(7), 507.CrossRefPubMed Smith, B. M., LaVela, S. L., & Weaver, F. M. (2008). Health-related quality of life for veterans with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 46(7), 507.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Woodruff, S. I., Galarneau, M. R., Luu, B. N., Sack, D., & Han, P. (2014). A study protocol for tracking quality of life among US service members wounded in Iraq and Afghanistan: The Wounded Warrior Recovery Project. Military Medicine, 179(3), 265–272.CrossRefPubMed Woodruff, S. I., Galarneau, M. R., Luu, B. N., Sack, D., & Han, P. (2014). A study protocol for tracking quality of life among US service members wounded in Iraq and Afghanistan: The Wounded Warrior Recovery Project. Military Medicine, 179(3), 265–272.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Galarneau, M. R., Hancock, W. C., Konoske, P., & Melcer, T. (2006). The navy-marine corps combat trauma registry. Military Medicine, 171(8), 691.CrossRefPubMed Galarneau, M. R., Hancock, W. C., Konoske, P., & Melcer, T. (2006). The navy-marine corps combat trauma registry. Military Medicine, 171(8), 691.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Gennarelli, T. A., & Wodzon, E. (2005). Abbreviated injury scale 2005. Barrington, IL: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Gennarelli, T. A., & Wodzon, E. (2005). Abbreviated injury scale 2005. Barrington, IL: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine.
24.
go back to reference Baker, S. P., O’Neill, B., Haddon, W. Jr., & Long, W. B. (1974). The injury severity score: A method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care. Journal of Trauma, 14(3), 187–196.CrossRefPubMed Baker, S. P., O’Neill, B., Haddon, W. Jr., & Long, W. B. (1974). The injury severity score: A method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care. Journal of Trauma, 14(3), 187–196.CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Copes, W. S., Champion, H. R., Sacco, W. J., Lawnick, M. M., Keast, S. L., & Bain, L. W. (1988). The injury severity score revisited. Journal of Trauma, 28(1), 69–77.CrossRefPubMed Copes, W. S., Champion, H. R., Sacco, W. J., Lawnick, M. M., Keast, S. L., & Bain, L. W. (1988). The injury severity score revisited. Journal of Trauma, 28(1), 69–77.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Stevenson, M., Segui-Gomez, M., Lescohier, I., Di Scala, C., & McDonald-Smith, G. (2001). An overview of the injury severity score and the new injury severity score. Injury Prevention, 7(1), 10–13.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Stevenson, M., Segui-Gomez, M., Lescohier, I., Di Scala, C., & McDonald-Smith, G. (2001). An overview of the injury severity score and the new injury severity score. Injury Prevention, 7(1), 10–13.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
go back to reference Andresen, E. M., Rothenberg, B. M., & Kaplan, R. M. (1998). Performance of a self-administered mailed version of the Quality of Well-Being (QWB-SA) questionnaire among older adults. Medical Care, 36(9), 1349–1360.CrossRefPubMed Andresen, E. M., Rothenberg, B. M., & Kaplan, R. M. (1998). Performance of a self-administered mailed version of the Quality of Well-Being (QWB-SA) questionnaire among older adults. Medical Care, 36(9), 1349–1360.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Kaplan, R. M., Sieber, W. J., & Ganiats, T. G. (1997). The Quality of Well-Being scale: Comparison of the interviewer-administered version with a self-administered questionnaire. Psychology and Health, 12(6), 783–791.CrossRef Kaplan, R. M., Sieber, W. J., & Ganiats, T. G. (1997). The Quality of Well-Being scale: Comparison of the interviewer-administered version with a self-administered questionnaire. Psychology and Health, 12(6), 783–791.CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Pyne, J. M., Sieber, W. J., David, K., Kaplan, R. M., Rapaport, M. H., & Williams, D. K. (2003). Use of the Quality of Well-Being Self-Administered version (QWB-SA) in assessing health-related quality of life in depressed patients. Journal of Affective Disorders, 76(1), 237–247.CrossRefPubMed Pyne, J. M., Sieber, W. J., David, K., Kaplan, R. M., Rapaport, M. H., & Williams, D. K. (2003). Use of the Quality of Well-Being Self-Administered version (QWB-SA) in assessing health-related quality of life in depressed patients. Journal of Affective Disorders, 76(1), 237–247.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Sieber, W. J., David, K. M., Adams, J. E., Kaplan, R. M., & Ganiats, T. G. (2000). Assessing the impact of migraine on health-related quality of life: An additional use of the Quality of Well-being Scale–Self-administered. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 40(8), 662–671.CrossRef Sieber, W. J., David, K. M., Adams, J. E., Kaplan, R. M., & Ganiats, T. G. (2000). Assessing the impact of migraine on health-related quality of life: An additional use of the Quality of Well-being Scale–Self-administered. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 40(8), 662–671.CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Frosch, D. L., Kaplan, R. M., Ganiats, T. G., Groessl, E. J., Sieber, W. J., & Weisman, M. H. (2004). Validity of self-administered Quality of Well-Being scale in musculoskeletal disease. Arthritis Care & Research, 51(1), 28–33.CrossRef Frosch, D. L., Kaplan, R. M., Ganiats, T. G., Groessl, E. J., Sieber, W. J., & Weisman, M. H. (2004). Validity of self-administered Quality of Well-Being scale in musculoskeletal disease. Arthritis Care & Research, 51(1), 28–33.CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Rosen, P. N., Kaplan, R. M., & David, K. (2005). Measuring outcomes of cataract surgery using the Quality of Well-Being Scale and VF-14 Visual Function Index. Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery, 31(2), 369–378.CrossRef Rosen, P. N., Kaplan, R. M., & David, K. (2005). Measuring outcomes of cataract surgery using the Quality of Well-Being Scale and VF-14 Visual Function Index. Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery, 31(2), 369–378.CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Le, Q. A., Doctor, J. N., Zoellner, L. A., & Feeny, N. C. (2013). Minimal clinically important differences for the EQ-5D and QWB-SA in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Results from a Doubly Randomized Preference Trial (DRPT). Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 11(1), 59.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Le, Q. A., Doctor, J. N., Zoellner, L. A., & Feeny, N. C. (2013). Minimal clinically important differences for the EQ-5D and QWB-SA in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Results from a Doubly Randomized Preference Trial (DRPT). Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 11(1), 59.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
34.
go back to reference Blanchard, E. B., Jones-Alexander, J., Buckley, T. C., & Forneris, C. A. (1996). Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist (PCL). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34(8), 669–673.CrossRefPubMed Blanchard, E. B., Jones-Alexander, J., Buckley, T. C., & Forneris, C. A. (1996). Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist (PCL). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34(8), 669–673.CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Riviere, L. A., Edens, E. N., Adler, A. B., Bliese, P. D., Klocko, R. P., & Hoge, C. W. (2011). Modifying instructions on the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for military populations does not change symptom reporting. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 199, 199–202.CrossRefPubMed Riviere, L. A., Edens, E. N., Adler, A. B., Bliese, P. D., Klocko, R. P., & Hoge, C. W. (2011). Modifying instructions on the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for military populations does not change symptom reporting. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 199, 199–202.CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385–401.CrossRef Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385–401.CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Blanchard, E. B., Buckley, T. C., Hickling, E. J., & Taylor, A. E. (1998). Posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid major depression: Is the correlation an illusion? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 12(1), 21–37.CrossRefPubMed Blanchard, E. B., Buckley, T. C., Hickling, E. J., & Taylor, A. E. (1998). Posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid major depression: Is the correlation an illusion? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 12(1), 21–37.CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Chiu, S., Niles, J. K., Webber, M. P., Zeig-Owens, R., Gustave, J., Lee, R., & Prezant, D. J. (2011). Evaluating risk factors and possible mediation effects in posttraumatic depression and posttraumatic stress disorder comorbidity. Public Health Reports, 126(2), 201–209.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chiu, S., Niles, J. K., Webber, M. P., Zeig-Owens, R., Gustave, J., Lee, R., & Prezant, D. J. (2011). Evaluating risk factors and possible mediation effects in posttraumatic depression and posttraumatic stress disorder comorbidity. Public Health Reports, 126(2), 201–209.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
39.
go back to reference O’Donnell, M. L., Creamer, M., & Pattison, P. (2004). Posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following trauma: Understanding comorbidity. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(8), 1390–1396.CrossRefPubMed O’Donnell, M. L., Creamer, M., & Pattison, P. (2004). Posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following trauma: Understanding comorbidity. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(8), 1390–1396.CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Pittman, J. O., Goldsmith, A. A., Lemmer, J. A., Kilmer, M. T., & Baker, D. G. (2012). Post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and health-related quality of life in OEF/OIF veterans. Quality of Life Research, 21(1), 99–103.CrossRefPubMed Pittman, J. O., Goldsmith, A. A., Lemmer, J. A., Kilmer, M. T., & Baker, D. G. (2012). Post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and health-related quality of life in OEF/OIF veterans. Quality of Life Research, 21(1), 99–103.CrossRefPubMed
41.
42.
go back to reference Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd edn.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd edn.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
43.
go back to reference Sieber, W. J., Groessl, E. J., David, K. M., Ganiats, T. G., & Kaplan, R. M. (2008). Quality of well-being self-administered (QWB-SA) scale user’s manual. San Diego, CA: University of California San Diego Health Services Research Center. Sieber, W. J., Groessl, E. J., David, K. M., Ganiats, T. G., & Kaplan, R. M. (2008). Quality of well-being self-administered (QWB-SA) scale user’s manual. San Diego, CA: University of California San Diego Health Services Research Center.
44.
go back to reference Fryback, D. G., Dunham, N. C., Palta, M., Hanmer, J., Buechner, J., Cherepanov, D., & Feeny, D. (2007). US norms for six generic health-related quality-of-life indexes from the National Health Measurement study. Medical Care, 45(12), 1162.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Fryback, D. G., Dunham, N. C., Palta, M., Hanmer, J., Buechner, J., Cherepanov, D., & Feeny, D. (2007). US norms for six generic health-related quality-of-life indexes from the National Health Measurement study. Medical Care, 45(12), 1162.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
45.
go back to reference McAndrew, L. M., D’Andrea, E., Lu, S. E., Abbi, B., Yan, G. W., Engel, C., & Quigley, K. S. (2013). What pre-deployment and early post-deployment factors predict health function after combat deployment?: A prospective longitudinal study of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF)/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) soldiers. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 11(1), 73.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral McAndrew, L. M., D’Andrea, E., Lu, S. E., Abbi, B., Yan, G. W., Engel, C., & Quigley, K. S. (2013). What pre-deployment and early post-deployment factors predict health function after combat deployment?: A prospective longitudinal study of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF)/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) soldiers. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 11(1), 73.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
46.
go back to reference van Delft-Schreurs, C. C. H. M., van Bergen, J. J. M., de Jongh, M. A. C., van de Sande, P., Verhofstad, M. H. J., & de Vries, J. (2014). Quality of life in severely injured patients depends on psychosocial factors rather than on severity or type of injury. Injury, 45(1), 320–326.CrossRefPubMed van Delft-Schreurs, C. C. H. M., van Bergen, J. J. M., de Jongh, M. A. C., van de Sande, P., Verhofstad, M. H. J., & de Vries, J. (2014). Quality of life in severely injured patients depends on psychosocial factors rather than on severity or type of injury. Injury, 45(1), 320–326.CrossRefPubMed
47.
go back to reference van Delft-Schreurs, C. C. H. M., van Bergen, J. J. M., van de Sande, P., Verhofstad, M. H. J., De Vries, J., & de Jongh, M. A. C. (2014). A cross-sectional study of psychological complaints and quality of life in severely injured patients. Quality of Life Research, 23(4), 1353–1362.CrossRefPubMed van Delft-Schreurs, C. C. H. M., van Bergen, J. J. M., van de Sande, P., Verhofstad, M. H. J., De Vries, J., & de Jongh, M. A. C. (2014). A cross-sectional study of psychological complaints and quality of life in severely injured patients. Quality of Life Research, 23(4), 1353–1362.CrossRefPubMed
48.
go back to reference Taft, C. T., Stern, A. S., King, L. A., & King, D. W. (1999). Modeling physical health and functional health status: The role of combat exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder, and personal resource attributes. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 12(1), 3–23.CrossRefPubMed Taft, C. T., Stern, A. S., King, L. A., & King, D. W. (1999). Modeling physical health and functional health status: The role of combat exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder, and personal resource attributes. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 12(1), 3–23.CrossRefPubMed
49.
go back to reference Milliken, C. S., Auchterlonie, J. L., & Hoge, C. W. (2007). Longitudinal assessment of mental health problems among active and reserve component soldiers returning from the Iraq war. JAMA, 298(18), 2141–2148.CrossRefPubMed Milliken, C. S., Auchterlonie, J. L., & Hoge, C. W. (2007). Longitudinal assessment of mental health problems among active and reserve component soldiers returning from the Iraq war. JAMA, 298(18), 2141–2148.CrossRefPubMed
50.
go back to reference Daggett, V., Bakas, T., & Habermann, B. (2009). A review of health-related quality of life in adult traumatic brain injury survivors in the context of combat veterans. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 41(2), 59–71.CrossRefPubMed Daggett, V., Bakas, T., & Habermann, B. (2009). A review of health-related quality of life in adult traumatic brain injury survivors in the context of combat veterans. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 41(2), 59–71.CrossRefPubMed
51.
go back to reference Christensen, J., Ipsen, T., Doherty, P., & Langberg, H. (2016). Physical and social factors determining quality of life for veterans with lower-limb amputation (s): A systematic review. Disability and Rehabilitation, 38(24), 2345–2353.CrossRefPubMed Christensen, J., Ipsen, T., Doherty, P., & Langberg, H. (2016). Physical and social factors determining quality of life for veterans with lower-limb amputation (s): A systematic review. Disability and Rehabilitation, 38(24), 2345–2353.CrossRefPubMed
52.
go back to reference Vasterling, J. J., Proctor, S. P., Friedman, M. J., Hoge, C. W., Heeren, T., King, L. A., & King, D. W. (2010). PTSD symptom increases in Iraq-deployed soldiers: Comparison with nondeployed soldiers and associations with baseline symptoms, deployment experiences, and postdeployment stress. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23(1), 41–51.PubMed Vasterling, J. J., Proctor, S. P., Friedman, M. J., Hoge, C. W., Heeren, T., King, L. A., & King, D. W. (2010). PTSD symptom increases in Iraq-deployed soldiers: Comparison with nondeployed soldiers and associations with baseline symptoms, deployment experiences, and postdeployment stress. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23(1), 41–51.PubMed
53.
go back to reference Browne, T., Hull, L., Horn, O., Jones, M., Murphy, D., Fear, N. T., & Hotopf, M. (2007). Explanations for the increase in mental health problems in UK reserve forces who have served in Iraq. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(6), 484–489.CrossRefPubMed Browne, T., Hull, L., Horn, O., Jones, M., Murphy, D., Fear, N. T., & Hotopf, M. (2007). Explanations for the increase in mental health problems in UK reserve forces who have served in Iraq. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(6), 484–489.CrossRefPubMed
54.
go back to reference Schnurr, P. P., Hayes, A. F., Lunney, C. A., McFall, M., & Uddo, M. (2006). Longitudinal analysis of the relationship between symptoms and quality of life in veterans treated for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(4), 707.CrossRefPubMed Schnurr, P. P., Hayes, A. F., Lunney, C. A., McFall, M., & Uddo, M. (2006). Longitudinal analysis of the relationship between symptoms and quality of life in veterans treated for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(4), 707.CrossRefPubMed
55.
go back to reference Fryback, D. G., Lawrence, W. F., Martin, P. A., Klein, R., & Klein, B. E. (1997). Predicting quality of well-being scores from the SF-36: Results from the Beaver Dam Health Outcomes Study. Medical Decision Making, 17(1), 1–9.CrossRefPubMed Fryback, D. G., Lawrence, W. F., Martin, P. A., Klein, R., & Klein, B. E. (1997). Predicting quality of well-being scores from the SF-36: Results from the Beaver Dam Health Outcomes Study. Medical Decision Making, 17(1), 1–9.CrossRefPubMed
56.
go back to reference Richmond, T. S., Ruzek, J., Ackerson, T., Wiebe, D. J., Winston, F., & Kassam-Adams, N. (2011). Predicting the future development of depression or PTSD after injury. General Hospital Psychiatry, 33(4), 327–335.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Richmond, T. S., Ruzek, J., Ackerson, T., Wiebe, D. J., Winston, F., & Kassam-Adams, N. (2011). Predicting the future development of depression or PTSD after injury. General Hospital Psychiatry, 33(4), 327–335.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Metagegevens
Titel
Health-related quality of life among US military personnel injured in combat: findings from the Wounded Warrior Recovery Project
Auteurs
Susan I. Woodruff
Michael R. Galarneau
Cameron T. McCabe
Daniel I. Sack
Mary C. Clouser
Publicatiedatum
15-02-2018
Uitgeverij
Springer International Publishing
Gepubliceerd in
Quality of Life Research / Uitgave 5/2018
Print ISSN: 0962-9343
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2649
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-1806-7