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2014 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

3. Genetica en de ontwikkeling van kinderen

Auteurs : Meike Bartels, Dorret Boomsma

Gepubliceerd in: Handboek klinische ontwikkelingspsychologie

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

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Genetische invloeden en omgevingsinvloeden

Cognitieve vaardigheden, emotionele en gedragsproblemen laten al bij jonge kinderen grote individuele verschillen – of variatie – zien, en deze verschillen vertonen tijdens de kindertijd een sterke mate van continuïteit. De oorzaken van variatie in emotionele en gedragsproblemen liggen zowel aan genetische verschillen als aan niet-genetische verschillen tussen kinderen en ook bij de continuïteit van emotionele en gedragsproblemen spelen beide factoren een rol. Deze genetische en omgevingsinvloeden kunnen echter een verschillend effect hebben op emotionele en gedragsproblemen over de leeftijd. Vaak zorgt genetische aanleg voor stabiliteit, terwijl invloed uit de omgeving juist zorgt voor verandering. Dit hoofdstuk bespreekt de verschillende onderzoeksdesigns om inzicht te krijgen in de mate van erfelijkheid en de kracht van invloeden uit de omgeving. Tevens worden de verschillende mechanismen voor samenspel van genen en omgeving, zoals gen-omgevingcorrelatie en gen-omgevinginteractie beschreven. De onderzoeksmethoden worden geïllustreerd aan de hand van resultaten van het grootschalige longitudinale onderzoek naar de ontwikkeling van gedrag en gedrags- en emotionele problemen van het Nederlands Tweelingen Register. Het hoofdstuk wordt afgesloten met implicaties van resultaten van gedragsgenetisch onderzoek voor de klinische praktijk, gevolgd door een korte blik op de toekomst.
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Metagegevens
Titel
Genetica en de ontwikkeling van kinderen
Auteurs
Meike Bartels
Dorret Boomsma
Copyright
2014
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-0495-0_3