20. General examination of the abdomen

A general examination of the abdomen is carried out systematically in the following order: inspection, auscultation, percussion and palpation. The elements described in this chapter are part of a general abdominal examination; further examination or tests can be carried out as required. We consider the skin and abdominal wall, internal organs and blood vessels. Special attention is paid to the percussion and palpation of the liver and spleen.