Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence 5/2012

01-05-2012 | Empirical Research

Gender-related Risk and Protective Factors for Depressive Symptoms and Disordered Eating in Adolescence: A 4-year Longitudinal Study

Auteurs: Fátima Ferreiro, Gloria Seoane, Carmen Senra

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 5/2012

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

The interplay between intrapersonal risk (low self-esteem, perfectionism and body dissatisfaction) and interpersonal protection (social support) appears relevant for delineating gender-specific pathways that lead to both depressive and eating psychopathology. The aims of this longitudinal study were to examine gender differences in the levels of depressive symptoms, disordered eating and the co-occurrence of both problems from preadolescence to mid-adolescence and to identify gender-specific risk and protective factors of depressive symptoms and disordered eating. A Spanish community-based sample initially comprising 942 early adolescents (49% females) was assessed at baseline (T1; X age = 10.8 years) and at 2 and 4-year follow-up (T2 and T3). Gender differences emerged at T2 for disordered eating and at T3 for depressive symptoms and for co-occurring depressive symptoms and disordered eating. Predictors of depressive symptoms were body dissatisfaction, low self-esteem and fear of getting fat, for girls, and body dissatisfaction and low self-esteem, for boys. Predictors of disordered eating were body dissatisfaction, depressive symptoms, BMI and perfectionism, for girls, and low social support and BMI, for boys. In addition, for boys only, social support moderated the effect of body dissatisfaction on depressive symptoms and the effect of depressive symptoms on disordered eating. The hypotheses of the study were partially supported. Clinical implications are derived regarding the components that should be included in programs for preventing depression and eating disorders in both girls and boys.
Literatuur
go back to reference Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Alloy, L. B. (1989). Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression. Psychological Review, 96, 358–372.CrossRef Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Alloy, L. B. (1989). Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression. Psychological Review, 96, 358–372.CrossRef
go back to reference Adams, P. J., Katz, R. C., Beauchamp, K., Cohen, E., & Zavis, D. (1993). Body dissatisfaction, eating disorders, and depression: A developmental perspective. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 2, 37–46.CrossRef Adams, P. J., Katz, R. C., Beauchamp, K., Cohen, E., & Zavis, D. (1993). Body dissatisfaction, eating disorders, and depression: A developmental perspective. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 2, 37–46.CrossRef
go back to reference Al Mamun, A., Cramb, S., McDermott, B. M., O’Callaghan, M., Najman, J. M., & Williams, G. M. (2007). Adolescents’ perceived weight associated with depression in young adulthood: A longitudinal study. Obesity, 15, 3097–3105.PubMedCrossRef Al Mamun, A., Cramb, S., McDermott, B. M., O’Callaghan, M., Najman, J. M., & Williams, G. M. (2007). Adolescents’ perceived weight associated with depression in young adulthood: A longitudinal study. Obesity, 15, 3097–3105.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Allen, K. L., Byrne, S. M., McLean, N. J., & Davis, E. A. (2008). Overconcern with weight and shape is not the same as body dissatisfaction: Evidence from a prospective study of pre-adolescent boys and girls. Body Image, 5, 261–270.PubMedCrossRef Allen, K. L., Byrne, S. M., McLean, N. J., & Davis, E. A. (2008). Overconcern with weight and shape is not the same as body dissatisfaction: Evidence from a prospective study of pre-adolescent boys and girls. Body Image, 5, 261–270.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: Author. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: Author.
go back to reference Arnett, J. J. (2010). Adolescence and emerging adulthood: A cultural approach (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Arnett, J. J. (2010). Adolescence and emerging adulthood: A cultural approach (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
go back to reference Bearman, S. K., & Stice, E. (2008). Testing a gender additive model: The role of body image in adolescent depression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36, 1251–1263.PubMedCrossRef Bearman, S. K., & Stice, E. (2008). Testing a gender additive model: The role of body image in adolescent depression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36, 1251–1263.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Beato-Fernandez, L., & Rodriguez-Cano, T. (2005). Gender differences regarding psychopathological, family and social characteristics in adolescents with abnormal eating behavior. Eating Behaviors, 6, 337–344.PubMedCrossRef Beato-Fernandez, L., & Rodriguez-Cano, T. (2005). Gender differences regarding psychopathological, family and social characteristics in adolescents with abnormal eating behavior. Eating Behaviors, 6, 337–344.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Beato-Fernández, L., Rodríguez-Cano, T., Pelayo-Delgado, E., & Calaf, M. (2007). Are there gender-specific pathways from early adolescence psychological distress symptoms toward the development of substance use and abnormal eating behavior? Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 37, 193–203.PubMedCrossRef Beato-Fernández, L., Rodríguez-Cano, T., Pelayo-Delgado, E., & Calaf, M. (2007). Are there gender-specific pathways from early adolescence psychological distress symptoms toward the development of substance use and abnormal eating behavior? Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 37, 193–203.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Beck, A. T. (1987). Cognitive models of depression. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 1, 5–37. Beck, A. T. (1987). Cognitive models of depression. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 1, 5–37.
go back to reference Bento, C., Pereira, A. T., Maia, B., Marques, M., Soares, M. J., Bos, S., et al. (2010). Perfectionism and eating behaviour in Portuguese adolescents. European Eating Disorders Review, 18, 328–337.PubMedCrossRef Bento, C., Pereira, A. T., Maia, B., Marques, M., Soares, M. J., Bos, S., et al. (2010). Perfectionism and eating behaviour in Portuguese adolescents. European Eating Disorders Review, 18, 328–337.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bers, S. A., Blatt, S. J., & Dolinsky, A. (2004). The sense of self in anorexia-nervosa patients: A psychoanalytically informed method for studying self-representation. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 59, 294–315.PubMed Bers, S. A., Blatt, S. J., & Dolinsky, A. (2004). The sense of self in anorexia-nervosa patients: A psychoanalytically informed method for studying self-representation. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 59, 294–315.PubMed
go back to reference Bruch, H. (1978). The golden cage: The enigma of anorexia nervosa. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Bruch, H. (1978). The golden cage: The enigma of anorexia nervosa. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
go back to reference Bulik, C. M. (2002). Anxiety, depression, and eating disorders. In C. G. Fairburn & K. D. Brownell (Eds.), Eating disorders and obesity: A comprehensive handbook (2nd ed., pp. 193–198). New York, NY: Guilford Press. Bulik, C. M. (2002). Anxiety, depression, and eating disorders. In C. G. Fairburn & K. D. Brownell (Eds.), Eating disorders and obesity: A comprehensive handbook (2nd ed., pp. 193–198). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Cambron, M. J., Acitelli, L. K., & Pettit, J. W. (2009). Explaining gender differences in depression: An interpersonal contingent self-esteem perspective. Sex Roles, 61, 751–761.CrossRef Cambron, M. J., Acitelli, L. K., & Pettit, J. W. (2009). Explaining gender differences in depression: An interpersonal contingent self-esteem perspective. Sex Roles, 61, 751–761.CrossRef
go back to reference Castro-Fornieles, J., Gual, P., Lahortiga, F., Gila, A., Casulà, V., Fuhrmann, C., et al. (2007). Self-oriented perfectionism in eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40, 562–568.PubMedCrossRef Castro-Fornieles, J., Gual, P., Lahortiga, F., Gila, A., Casulà, V., Fuhrmann, C., et al. (2007). Self-oriented perfectionism in eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40, 562–568.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Chamay-Weber, C., Narring, F., & Michaud, P.-A. (2005). Partial eating disorders among adolescents: A review. Journal of Adolescent Health, 37, 417–427.PubMedCrossRef Chamay-Weber, C., Narring, F., & Michaud, P.-A. (2005). Partial eating disorders among adolescents: A review. Journal of Adolescent Health, 37, 417–427.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Chen, Q., Fu, D., Chen, W., & Wang, J. (2007). Influence of self-esteem in eating disorders: The mediation effect of body dissatisfaction. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 15, 290–292. Chen, Q., Fu, D., Chen, W., & Wang, J. (2007). Influence of self-esteem in eating disorders: The mediation effect of body dissatisfaction. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 15, 290–292.
go back to reference Clara, I. P., Cox, B. J., & Enns, M. W. (2007). Assessing self-critical perfectionism in clinical depression. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88, 309–316.PubMedCrossRef Clara, I. P., Cox, B. J., & Enns, M. W. (2007). Assessing self-critical perfectionism in clinical depression. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88, 309–316.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cooper, M. (1997). Cognitive theory in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A review. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 25, 113–145.CrossRef Cooper, M. (1997). Cognitive theory in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A review. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 25, 113–145.CrossRef
go back to reference Corral, S., González, M., Pereña, J., & Seisdedos, N. (1998). Adaptación española del Inventario de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria EDI2. [Spanish adaptation of the Eating Disorder Inventory EDI2]. Madrid: TEA. Corral, S., González, M., Pereña, J., & Seisdedos, N. (1998). Adaptación española del Inventario de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria EDI2. [Spanish adaptation of the Eating Disorder Inventory EDI2]. Madrid: TEA.
go back to reference Cyranowski, J. M., Frank, E., Young, E., & Shear, M. K. (2000). Adolescent onset of the gender difference in lifetime rates of major depression: A theoretical model. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 21–27.PubMedCrossRef Cyranowski, J. M., Frank, E., Young, E., & Shear, M. K. (2000). Adolescent onset of the gender difference in lifetime rates of major depression: A theoretical model. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 21–27.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference del Barrio, M. V., Moreno, C., & López, R. (1999). El children’s depression inventory (CDI; Kovacs, 1992). Su aplicación en población española. [The Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI; Kovacs, 1992) in a Spanish sample]. Clínica y Salud, 10, 393–416. del Barrio, M. V., Moreno, C., & López, R. (1999). El children’s depression inventory (CDI; Kovacs, 1992). Su aplicación en población española. [The Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI; Kovacs, 1992) in a Spanish sample]. Clínica y Salud, 10, 393–416.
go back to reference Echeburúa, E. (1995). Evaluación y tratamiento de la fobia social. [Assessment and treatment of social phobia]. Barcelona: Martínez Roca. Echeburúa, E. (1995). Evaluación y tratamiento de la fobia social. [Assessment and treatment of social phobia]. Barcelona: Martínez Roca.
go back to reference Enns, M. W., & Cox, B. J. (2005). Perfectionism, stressful life events, and the 1-year outcome of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 541–553.CrossRef Enns, M. W., & Cox, B. J. (2005). Perfectionism, stressful life events, and the 1-year outcome of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 541–553.CrossRef
go back to reference Ewell, F., Smith, S., Karmel, M. P., & Hart, D. (1996). The sense of self and its development: A framework for understanding eating disorders. In L. Smolak, M. P. Levine, & R. Striegel-Moore (Eds.), The developmental psychopathology of eating disorders: Implications for research, prevention, and treatment (pp. 107–133). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Ewell, F., Smith, S., Karmel, M. P., & Hart, D. (1996). The sense of self and its development: A framework for understanding eating disorders. In L. Smolak, M. P. Levine, & R. Striegel-Moore (Eds.), The developmental psychopathology of eating disorders: Implications for research, prevention, and treatment (pp. 107–133). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
go back to reference Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., Ridder, E. M., & Beautrais, A. L. (2005). Subthreshold depression in adolescence and mental health outcomes in adulthood. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 66–72.PubMedCrossRef Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., Ridder, E. M., & Beautrais, A. L. (2005). Subthreshold depression in adolescence and mental health outcomes in adulthood. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 66–72.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ferreiro, F., Seoane, G., & Senra, C. (2011). A prospective study of risk factors for the development of depression and disordered eating in adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 40, 500–505.PubMedCrossRef Ferreiro, F., Seoane, G., & Senra, C. (2011). A prospective study of risk factors for the development of depression and disordered eating in adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 40, 500–505.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., Blankstein, K. R., & Mosher, S. W. (1995). Perfectionism, life events, and depressive symptoms: A test of a diathesis-stress model. Current Psychology, 14, 112–137.CrossRef Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., Blankstein, K. R., & Mosher, S. W. (1995). Perfectionism, life events, and depressive symptoms: A test of a diathesis-stress model. Current Psychology, 14, 112–137.CrossRef
go back to reference Forbush, K., Heatherton, T. F., & Keel, P. K. (2007). Relationships between perfectionism and specific disordered eating behaviors. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40, 37–41.PubMedCrossRef Forbush, K., Heatherton, T. F., & Keel, P. K. (2007). Relationships between perfectionism and specific disordered eating behaviors. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40, 37–41.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Fung, S. S. W., Stewart, S. M., Ho, S. Y., Wong, J. P. S., & Lam, T. H. (2010). Body dissatisfaction, maternal appraisal, and depressive symptoms in Hong Kong adolescents. International Journal of Psychology, 45, 453–460.PubMedCrossRef Fung, S. S. W., Stewart, S. M., Ho, S. Y., Wong, J. P. S., & Lam, T. H. (2010). Body dissatisfaction, maternal appraisal, and depressive symptoms in Hong Kong adolescents. International Journal of Psychology, 45, 453–460.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Galambos, N. L., Leadbeater, B. J., & Barker, E. T. (2004). Gender differences in and risk factors for depression in adolescence: A 4-year longitudinal study. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 28, 16–25.CrossRef Galambos, N. L., Leadbeater, B. J., & Barker, E. T. (2004). Gender differences in and risk factors for depression in adolescence: A 4-year longitudinal study. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 28, 16–25.CrossRef
go back to reference Garaigordobil, M., & Durá, A. (2006). Relaciones del autoconcepto y la autoestima con la sociabilidad, estabilidad emocional y responsabilidad en adolescentes de 14 a 17 años. [Relationships of self-concept and self-esteem to sociability, emotional stability and responsibility in adolescents aged 14 through 17 years]. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 32, 37–64. Garaigordobil, M., & Durá, A. (2006). Relaciones del autoconcepto y la autoestima con la sociabilidad, estabilidad emocional y responsabilidad en adolescentes de 14 a 17 años. [Relationships of self-concept and self-esteem to sociability, emotional stability and responsibility in adolescents aged 14 through 17 years]. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 32, 37–64.
go back to reference Gardner, R. M., Stark, K., Friedman, B. N., & Jackson, N. A. (2000). Predictors of eating disorder scores in children ages 6 through 14: A longitudinal study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 49, 199–205.PubMedCrossRef Gardner, R. M., Stark, K., Friedman, B. N., & Jackson, N. A. (2000). Predictors of eating disorder scores in children ages 6 through 14: A longitudinal study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 49, 199–205.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Garner, D. M. (1991). Eating disorder inventory-2: Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources. Garner, D. M. (1991). Eating disorder inventory-2: Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
go back to reference Garrow, J. S., & Webster, J. (1985). Quetelet’s index (W/H2) as a measure of fatness. International Journal of Obesity, 9, 147–153.PubMed Garrow, J. S., & Webster, J. (1985). Quetelet’s index (W/H2) as a measure of fatness. International Journal of Obesity, 9, 147–153.PubMed
go back to reference Ge, X., Lorenz, F. O., Conger, R. D., Elder, G. H., Jr., & Simons, R. L. (1994). Trajectories of stressful life events and depressive symptoms during adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 30, 467–483.CrossRef Ge, X., Lorenz, F. O., Conger, R. D., Elder, G. H., Jr., & Simons, R. L. (1994). Trajectories of stressful life events and depressive symptoms during adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 30, 467–483.CrossRef
go back to reference Gianini, L. M., & Smith, J. E. (2008). Body dissatisfaction mediates the relationship between self-esteem and restrained eating in female undergraduates. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 4, 48–60. Gianini, L. M., & Smith, J. E. (2008). Body dissatisfaction mediates the relationship between self-esteem and restrained eating in female undergraduates. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 4, 48–60.
go back to reference Godart, N. T., Perdereau, F., Rein, Z., Berthoz, S., Wallier, J., Jeammet, P., et al. (2007). Comorbidity studies of eating disorders and mood disorders. Critical review of the literature. Journal of Affective Disorders, 97, 37–49.PubMedCrossRef Godart, N. T., Perdereau, F., Rein, Z., Berthoz, S., Wallier, J., Jeammet, P., et al. (2007). Comorbidity studies of eating disorders and mood disorders. Critical review of the literature. Journal of Affective Disorders, 97, 37–49.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Goldner, E. M., Cockell, S. J., & Srikameswaran, S. (2002). Perfectionism and eating disorders. In G. L. Flett & P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 319–340). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRef Goldner, E. M., Cockell, S. J., & Srikameswaran, S. (2002). Perfectionism and eating disorders. In G. L. Flett & P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 319–340). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRef
go back to reference Graber, J. A., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2001). Co-occurring eating and depressive problems: An 8-year study of adolescent girls. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 30, 37–47.PubMedCrossRef Graber, J. A., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2001). Co-occurring eating and depressive problems: An 8-year study of adolescent girls. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 30, 37–47.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Graber, J. A., Brooks-Gunn, J., Paikoff, R. L., & Warren, M. P. (1994). Prediction of eating problems: An 8-year study of adolescent girls. Developmental Psychology, 30, 823–834.CrossRef Graber, J. A., Brooks-Gunn, J., Paikoff, R. L., & Warren, M. P. (1994). Prediction of eating problems: An 8-year study of adolescent girls. Developmental Psychology, 30, 823–834.CrossRef
go back to reference Halliwell, E., & Harvey, M. (2006). Examination of a sociocultural model of disordered eating among male and female adolescents. British Journal of Health Psychology, 11, 235–248.PubMedCrossRef Halliwell, E., & Harvey, M. (2006). Examination of a sociocultural model of disordered eating among male and female adolescents. British Journal of Health Psychology, 11, 235–248.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hamachek, D. E. (1978). Psychodynamics of normal and neurotic perfectionism. Psychology, 15, 27–33. Hamachek, D. E. (1978). Psychodynamics of normal and neurotic perfectionism. Psychology, 15, 27–33.
go back to reference Hankin, B. L., & Abramson, L. Y. (2001). Development of gender differences in depression: An elaborated cognitive vulnerability-transactional stress theory. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 773–796.PubMedCrossRef Hankin, B. L., & Abramson, L. Y. (2001). Development of gender differences in depression: An elaborated cognitive vulnerability-transactional stress theory. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 773–796.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Harter, S. (1990). Developmental differences in the nature of self-representations: Implications for the understanding, assessment and treatment of maladaptive behavior. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 113–142.CrossRef Harter, S. (1990). Developmental differences in the nature of self-representations: Implications for the understanding, assessment and treatment of maladaptive behavior. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 113–142.CrossRef
go back to reference Harter, S. (1999). The construction of the self: A developmental perspective. New York, NJ: Guilford Press. Harter, S. (1999). The construction of the self: A developmental perspective. New York, NJ: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Hayward, C., & Sanborn, K. (2002). Puberty and the emergence of gender differences in psychopathology. Journal of Adolescent Health, 30, 49–58.PubMedCrossRef Hayward, C., & Sanborn, K. (2002). Puberty and the emergence of gender differences in psychopathology. Journal of Adolescent Health, 30, 49–58.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Dimensions of perfectionism in unipolar depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 98–101.PubMedCrossRef Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Dimensions of perfectionism in unipolar depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 98–101.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Holmbeck, G. N. (1997). Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: Examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 599–610.PubMedCrossRef Holmbeck, G. N. (1997). Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: Examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 599–610.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Holmbeck, G. N. (2002). Post-hoc probing of significant moderational and mediational effects in studies of pediatric populations. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 27, 87–96.PubMedCrossRef Holmbeck, G. N. (2002). Post-hoc probing of significant moderational and mediational effects in studies of pediatric populations. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 27, 87–96.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Holsen, I., Kraft, P., & Røysamb, E. (2001). The relationship between body image and depressed mood in adolescence: A 5-year longitudinal panel study. Journal of Health Psychology, 6, 613–627.PubMedCrossRef Holsen, I., Kraft, P., & Røysamb, E. (2001). The relationship between body image and depressed mood in adolescence: A 5-year longitudinal panel study. Journal of Health Psychology, 6, 613–627.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hyde, J. S., Mezulis, A. H., & Abramson, L. Y. (2008). The ABCs of depression: Integrating affective, biological, and cognitive models to explain the emergence of the gender difference in depression. Psychological Review, 115, 291–313.PubMedCrossRef Hyde, J. S., Mezulis, A. H., & Abramson, L. Y. (2008). The ABCs of depression: Integrating affective, biological, and cognitive models to explain the emergence of the gender difference in depression. Psychological Review, 115, 291–313.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Jackson, T., & Chen, H. (2008). Predicting changes in eating disorder symptoms among adolescents in China: An 18-month prospective study. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 37, 874–885.PubMedCrossRef Jackson, T., & Chen, H. (2008). Predicting changes in eating disorder symptoms among adolescents in China: An 18-month prospective study. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 37, 874–885.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Jacobi, C., Hayward, C., de Zwaan, M., Kraemer, H. C., & Agras, W. S. (2004). Coming to terms with risk factors for eating disorders: Application of risk terminology and suggestions for a general taxonomy. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 19–65.PubMedCrossRef Jacobi, C., Hayward, C., de Zwaan, M., Kraemer, H. C., & Agras, W. S. (2004). Coming to terms with risk factors for eating disorders: Application of risk terminology and suggestions for a general taxonomy. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 19–65.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Joiner, T. E., Jr., Katz, J., & Heatherton, T. F. (2000). Personality features differentiate late adolescent females and males with chronic bulimic symptoms. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 27, 191–197.PubMedCrossRef Joiner, T. E., Jr., Katz, J., & Heatherton, T. F. (2000). Personality features differentiate late adolescent females and males with chronic bulimic symptoms. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 27, 191–197.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Jose, P. E., & Brown, I. (2008). When does the gender difference in rumination begin? Gender and age differences in the use of rumination by adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37, 180–192.CrossRef Jose, P. E., & Brown, I. (2008). When does the gender difference in rumination begin? Gender and age differences in the use of rumination by adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37, 180–192.CrossRef
go back to reference Karevold, E., Røysamb, E., Ystrom, E., & Mathiesen, K. S. (2009). Predictors and pathways from infancy to symptoms of anxiety and depression in early adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 45, 1051–1060.PubMedCrossRef Karevold, E., Røysamb, E., Ystrom, E., & Mathiesen, K. S. (2009). Predictors and pathways from infancy to symptoms of anxiety and depression in early adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 45, 1051–1060.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kim, Y. -H. (2003). Correlation of mental health problems with psychological constructs in adolescence: Final results from a 2-year study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 40, 115–124.PubMedCrossRef Kim, Y. -H. (2003). Correlation of mental health problems with psychological constructs in adolescence: Final results from a 2-year study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 40, 115–124.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kovacs, M. (1992). The children’s depression inventory (CDI). Manual. Toronto, Ontario: Multi Health Systems. Kovacs, M. (1992). The children’s depression inventory (CDI). Manual. Toronto, Ontario: Multi Health Systems.
go back to reference Landman-Peeters, K. M. C., Hartman, C. A., van der Pompe, G., den Boer, J. A., Minderaa, R. B., & Ormel, J. (2005). Gender differences in the relation between social support, problems in parent-offspring communication, and depression and anxiety. Social Science and Medicine, 60, 2549–2559.PubMedCrossRef Landman-Peeters, K. M. C., Hartman, C. A., van der Pompe, G., den Boer, J. A., Minderaa, R. B., & Ormel, J. (2005). Gender differences in the relation between social support, problems in parent-offspring communication, and depression and anxiety. Social Science and Medicine, 60, 2549–2559.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lewinsohn, P. M., Rohde, P., & Seeley, J. R. (1998). Major depressive disorder in older adolescents: Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical implications. Clinical Psychology Review, 18, 765–794.PubMedCrossRef Lewinsohn, P. M., Rohde, P., & Seeley, J. R. (1998). Major depressive disorder in older adolescents: Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical implications. Clinical Psychology Review, 18, 765–794.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lilenfeld, L. R. R., Wonderlich, S., Riso, L. P., Crosby, R., & Mitchell, J. (2006). Eating disorders and personality: A methodological and empirical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 299–320.PubMedCrossRef Lilenfeld, L. R. R., Wonderlich, S., Riso, L. P., Crosby, R., & Mitchell, J. (2006). Eating disorders and personality: A methodological and empirical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 299–320.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Maloney, M. J., McGuire, J. B., & Daniels, S. R. (1988). Reliability testing of a children’s version of the eating attitude test. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 541–543.PubMedCrossRef Maloney, M. J., McGuire, J. B., & Daniels, S. R. (1988). Reliability testing of a children’s version of the eating attitude test. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 541–543.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference McCabe, M. P., & Ricciardelli, L. A. (2006). A prospective study of extreme weight change behaviors among adolescent boys and girls. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35, 425–434.CrossRef McCabe, M. P., & Ricciardelli, L. A. (2006). A prospective study of extreme weight change behaviors among adolescent boys and girls. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35, 425–434.CrossRef
go back to reference McCarthy, M. (1990). The thin ideal, depression and eating disorders in women. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 205–215.PubMedCrossRef McCarthy, M. (1990). The thin ideal, depression and eating disorders in women. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 205–215.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Muise, A. M., Stein, D. G., & Arbess, G. (2003). Eating disorders in adolescent boys: A review of the adolescent and young adult literature. Journal of Adolescent Health, 33, 427–435.PubMedCrossRef Muise, A. M., Stein, D. G., & Arbess, G. (2003). Eating disorders in adolescent boys: A review of the adolescent and young adult literature. Journal of Adolescent Health, 33, 427–435.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Muris, P., Meesters, C., van de Blom, W., & Mayer, B. (2005). Biological, psychological, and sociocultural correlates of body change strategies and eating problems in adolescent boys and girls. Eating Behaviors, 6, 11–22.PubMedCrossRef Muris, P., Meesters, C., van de Blom, W., & Mayer, B. (2005). Biological, psychological, and sociocultural correlates of body change strategies and eating problems in adolescent boys and girls. Eating Behaviors, 6, 11–22.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ohzeki, T., Otahara, H., Hanaki, K., Motozumi, H., & Shiraki, K. (1993). Eating attitudes test in boys and girls aged 6–18 years: Decrease in concerns with eating in boys and the increase in girls with their ages. Psychopathology, 26, 117–121.PubMedCrossRef Ohzeki, T., Otahara, H., Hanaki, K., Motozumi, H., & Shiraki, K. (1993). Eating attitudes test in boys and girls aged 6–18 years: Decrease in concerns with eating in boys and the increase in girls with their ages. Psychopathology, 26, 117–121.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Orth, U., Robins, R. W., & Roberts, B. W. (2008). Low self-esteem prospectively predicts depression in adolescence and young adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 695–708.PubMedCrossRef Orth, U., Robins, R. W., & Roberts, B. W. (2008). Low self-esteem prospectively predicts depression in adolescence and young adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 695–708.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Panagiotakopoulou, A., & Kontaxaki, M.-I. (2007). Continuum and spectrum hypotheses of depressive disorders. Psychiatriki, 18, 239–250.PubMed Panagiotakopoulou, A., & Kontaxaki, M.-I. (2007). Continuum and spectrum hypotheses of depressive disorders. Psychiatriki, 18, 239–250.PubMed
go back to reference Panzarella, C., Alloy, L. B., & Whitehouse, W. G. (2006). Expanded hopelessness theory of depression: On the mechanisms by which social support protects against depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30, 307–333.CrossRef Panzarella, C., Alloy, L. B., & Whitehouse, W. G. (2006). Expanded hopelessness theory of depression: On the mechanisms by which social support protects against depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30, 307–333.CrossRef
go back to reference Paxton, S. J., Neumark-Sztainer, D., Hannan, P. J., & Eisenberg, M. E. (2006). Body dissatisfaction prospectively predicts depressive mood and low self-esteem in adolescent girls and boys. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 35, 539–549.PubMedCrossRef Paxton, S. J., Neumark-Sztainer, D., Hannan, P. J., & Eisenberg, M. E. (2006). Body dissatisfaction prospectively predicts depressive mood and low self-esteem in adolescent girls and boys. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 35, 539–549.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Pelkonen, M., Marttunen, M., & Aro, H. (2003). Risk for depression: A 6-year follow-up of Finnish adolescents. Journal of Affective Disorders, 77, 41–51.PubMedCrossRef Pelkonen, M., Marttunen, M., & Aro, H. (2003). Risk for depression: A 6-year follow-up of Finnish adolescents. Journal of Affective Disorders, 77, 41–51.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Puterman, E., DeLongis, A., & Pomaki, G. (2010). Protecting us from ourselves: Social support as a buffer of trait and state rumination. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29, 797–820.CrossRef Puterman, E., DeLongis, A., & Pomaki, G. (2010). Protecting us from ourselves: Social support as a buffer of trait and state rumination. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29, 797–820.CrossRef
go back to reference Rankin, J. L., Lane, D. J., Gibbons, F. X., & Gerrard, M. (2004). Adolescent self-consciousness: Longitudinal age changes and gender differences in two cohorts. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 14, 1–21.CrossRef Rankin, J. L., Lane, D. J., Gibbons, F. X., & Gerrard, M. (2004). Adolescent self-consciousness: Longitudinal age changes and gender differences in two cohorts. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 14, 1–21.CrossRef
go back to reference Ricciardelli, L. A., & McCabe, M. P. (2004). A biopsychosocial model of disordered eating and the pursuit of muscularity in adolescent boys. Psychollogical Bulletin, 130, 179–205.CrossRef Ricciardelli, L. A., & McCabe, M. P. (2004). A biopsychosocial model of disordered eating and the pursuit of muscularity in adolescent boys. Psychollogical Bulletin, 130, 179–205.CrossRef
go back to reference Rice, K. G., Leever, B. A., Noggle, C. A., & Lapsley, D. K. (2007). Perfectionism and depressive symptoms in early adolescence. Psychology in the Schools, 44, 139–156.CrossRef Rice, K. G., Leever, B. A., Noggle, C. A., & Lapsley, D. K. (2007). Perfectionism and depressive symptoms in early adolescence. Psychology in the Schools, 44, 139–156.CrossRef
go back to reference Richards, M. H., Casper, R. C., & Larson, R. W. (1990). Weight and eating concerns among pre- and young adolescent boys and girls. Journal of Adolescent Health Care, 11, 203–209.PubMedCrossRef Richards, M. H., Casper, R. C., & Larson, R. W. (1990). Weight and eating concerns among pre- and young adolescent boys and girls. Journal of Adolescent Health Care, 11, 203–209.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rosenberg, M. (1989). Society and the adolescent self-image (rev. ed.). Middeltown, CT: Wesleyan University Press. Rosenberg, M. (1989). Society and the adolescent self-image (rev. ed.). Middeltown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
go back to reference Rudolph, K. D. (2002). Gender differences in emotional responses to interpersonal stress during adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 30, 3–13.PubMedCrossRef Rudolph, K. D. (2002). Gender differences in emotional responses to interpersonal stress during adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 30, 3–13.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Sancho, C., Asorey, O., Arija, V., & Canals, J. (2005). Psychometric characteristics of the children’s eating attitudes test in a Spanish sample. European Eating Disorders Review, 13, 338–343.CrossRef Sancho, C., Asorey, O., Arija, V., & Canals, J. (2005). Psychometric characteristics of the children’s eating attitudes test in a Spanish sample. European Eating Disorders Review, 13, 338–343.CrossRef
go back to reference Santos, M., Richards, C. S., & Bleckley, M. K. (2007). Comorbidity between depression and disordered eating in adolescents. Eating Behaviors, 8, 440–449.PubMedCrossRef Santos, M., Richards, C. S., & Bleckley, M. K. (2007). Comorbidity between depression and disordered eating in adolescents. Eating Behaviors, 8, 440–449.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Sawdon, A. M., Cooper, M., & Seabrook, R. (2007). The relationship between self-discrepancies, eating disorder and depressive symptoms in women. European Eating Disorders Review, 15, 207–212.PubMedCrossRef Sawdon, A. M., Cooper, M., & Seabrook, R. (2007). The relationship between self-discrepancies, eating disorder and depressive symptoms in women. European Eating Disorders Review, 15, 207–212.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Seidah, A., & Bouffard, T. (2007). Being proud of oneself as a person or being proud of one’s physical appearance: What matters for feeling well in adolescence? Social Behavior and Personality, 35, 255–268.CrossRef Seidah, A., & Bouffard, T. (2007). Being proud of oneself as a person or being proud of one’s physical appearance: What matters for feeling well in adolescence? Social Behavior and Personality, 35, 255–268.CrossRef
go back to reference Senra, C., Seoane, G., Vilas, V., & Sánchez-Cao, E. (2007). Comparison of 10- to 12-year-old boys and girls using a Spanish version of the children’s eating attitudes test. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 947–957.CrossRef Senra, C., Seoane, G., Vilas, V., & Sánchez-Cao, E. (2007). Comparison of 10- to 12-year-old boys and girls using a Spanish version of the children’s eating attitudes test. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 947–957.CrossRef
go back to reference Silverstone, P. H. (1992). Is chronic low self-esteem the cause of eating disorders? Medical Hypotheses, 39, 311–315.PubMedCrossRef Silverstone, P. H. (1992). Is chronic low self-esteem the cause of eating disorders? Medical Hypotheses, 39, 311–315.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Skomorovsky, A., Matheson, K., & Anisman, H. (2006). The buffering role of social support perceptions in relation to eating disturbances among women in abusive dating relationships. Sex Roles, 54, 627–638.CrossRef Skomorovsky, A., Matheson, K., & Anisman, H. (2006). The buffering role of social support perceptions in relation to eating disturbances among women in abusive dating relationships. Sex Roles, 54, 627–638.CrossRef
go back to reference Stice, E. (2002). Risk and maintenance factors for eating pathology: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 825–848.PubMedCrossRef Stice, E. (2002). Risk and maintenance factors for eating pathology: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 825–848.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Stice, E., Hayward, C., Cameron, R. P., Killen, J. D., & Taylor, C. B. (2000). Body-image and eating disturbances predict onset of depression among female adolescents: A longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 438–444.PubMedCrossRef Stice, E., Hayward, C., Cameron, R. P., Killen, J. D., & Taylor, C. B. (2000). Body-image and eating disturbances predict onset of depression among female adolescents: A longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 438–444.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Stice, E., Presnell, K., & Spangler, D. (2002). Risk factors for binge eating onset in adolescent girls: A 2-year prospective investigation. Health Psychology, 21, 131–138.PubMedCrossRef Stice, E., Presnell, K., & Spangler, D. (2002). Risk factors for binge eating onset in adolescent girls: A 2-year prospective investigation. Health Psychology, 21, 131–138.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Strauman, T. J., Vookles, J., Berenstein, V., Chaiken, S., & Higgins, E. T. (1991). Self-discrepancies and vulnerability to body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 946–956.PubMedCrossRef Strauman, T. J., Vookles, J., Berenstein, V., Chaiken, S., & Higgins, E. T. (1991). Self-discrepancies and vulnerability to body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 946–956.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Trzesniewski, K. H., Donnellan, M. B., Moffitt, T. E., Robins, R. W., Poulton, R., & Caspi, A. (2006). Low self-esteem during adolescence predicts poor health, criminal behavior, and limited economic prospects during adulthood. Developmental Psychology, 42, 381–390.PubMedCrossRef Trzesniewski, K. H., Donnellan, M. B., Moffitt, T. E., Robins, R. W., Poulton, R., & Caspi, A. (2006). Low self-esteem during adolescence predicts poor health, criminal behavior, and limited economic prospects during adulthood. Developmental Psychology, 42, 381–390.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Twenge, J. M., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2002). Age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, and birth cohort difference on the children’s depression inventory: A meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 578–588.PubMedCrossRef Twenge, J. M., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2002). Age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, and birth cohort difference on the children’s depression inventory: A meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 578–588.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Vázquez, A. J., Jiménez, R., & Vázquez-Morejón, R. (2004). Escala de autoestima de Rosenberg: Fiabilidad y validez en población clínica española. [Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: Reliability and validity in a Spanish clinical population]. Apuntes de Psicología, 22, 247–255. Vázquez, A. J., Jiménez, R., & Vázquez-Morejón, R. (2004). Escala de autoestima de Rosenberg: Fiabilidad y validez en población clínica española. [Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: Reliability and validity in a Spanish clinical population]. Apuntes de Psicología, 22, 247–255.
go back to reference Walsh, B. T., & Sysko, R. (2009). Broad categories for the diagnosis of eating disorders (BCD-ED): An alternative system for classification. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 42, 754–764.PubMedCrossRef Walsh, B. T., & Sysko, R. (2009). Broad categories for the diagnosis of eating disorders (BCD-ED): An alternative system for classification. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 42, 754–764.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wonderlich-Tierney, A. L., & Vander Wal, J. S. (2010). The effects of social support and coping on the relationship between social anxiety and eating disorders. Eating Behaviors, 11, 85–91.PubMedCrossRef Wonderlich-Tierney, A. L., & Vander Wal, J. S. (2010). The effects of social support and coping on the relationship between social anxiety and eating disorders. Eating Behaviors, 11, 85–91.PubMedCrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Gender-related Risk and Protective Factors for Depressive Symptoms and Disordered Eating in Adolescence: A 4-year Longitudinal Study
Auteurs
Fátima Ferreiro
Gloria Seoane
Carmen Senra
Publicatiedatum
01-05-2012
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 5/2012
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-011-9718-7

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2012

Journal of Youth and Adolescence 5/2012 Naar de uitgave