Top

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Gepubliceerd in:

01-09-2013 | Original Paper

Gender Differences When Parenting Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Multilevel Modeling Approach

Auteurs: Leah Jones, Vasiliki Totsika, Richard P. Hastings, Michael A. Petalas

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 9/2013

Abstract

Parenting a child with autism may differentially affect mothers and fathers. Existing studies of mother–father differences often ignore the interdependence of data within families. We investigated gender differences within-families using multilevel linear modeling. Mothers and fathers of children with autism (161 couples) reported on their own well-being, and their child’s functioning. Mothers reported higher levels of distress compared with fathers, and child behavior problems predicted psychological distress for both mothers and fathers. We found little evidence of child functioning variables affecting mothers and fathers differently. Gender differences in the impact of child autism on parents appear to be robust. More family systems research is required to fully understand these gender differences and the implications for family support.

vorige artikel New Interview and Observation Measures of the Broader Autism Phenotype: Impressions of Interviewee Measure

volgende artikel Recognition of Facial Expressions and Prosodic Cues with Graded Emotional Intensities in Adults with Asperger Syndrome

Abbeduto, L., Seltzer, M. M., Shattuck, P., Krauss, M. W., Orsmond, G., & Murphy, M. M. (2004). Psychological well-being and coping in mothers of youths with autism, down syndrome, or fragile X syndrome. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 109(3), 237–254. doi: 10.1352/0895-8017(2004)109<237:PWACIM>2.0.CO;2. PubMedCrossRef

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.

Bailey, A., Palferman, S., Heavey, L., & Le Couter, A. (1998). Autism: The phenotype in relatives. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 28(5), 369–392. PubMedCrossRef

Bayat, M. (2007). Evidence of resilience in families of children with autism. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 51, 702–714. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2007.00960.x. PubMedCrossRef

Beck, A., Daley, D., Hastings, R. P., & Stevenson, J. (2004). Mothers’ expressed emotion towards children with and without intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 48, 628–638. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2003.00564.x. PubMedCrossRef

Bekker, M. H. J., & van Mens-Verhulst, J. (2007). Anxiety disorders: Sex differences in prevalence, degree, and background, but gender-neutral treatment. Gender Medicine, 4(B), 178–193. CrossRef

Blacher, J., & McIntyre, L. L. (2006). Syndrome specificity and behavioural disorders in young adults with intellectual disability: Cultural differences in family impact. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50(3), 184–198. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00768.x. PubMedCrossRef

Dabrowska, A., & Pisula, E. (2010). Parenting stress and coping styles in mothers and fathers of pre-school children with autism and down syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54(3), 266–280. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01258.x. PubMedCrossRef

Davis, N. O., & Carter, A. S. (2008). Parenting stress in mothers and fathers of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders: Associations with child characteristics. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(7), 1278–1291. doi: 10.1007/s10803-007-0512-z. PubMedCrossRef

Dunn, M. E., Burbine, T., Bowers, C. A., & Tantleff-Dunn, S. (2001). Moderators of stress in parents of children with autism. Community Mental Health Journal, 37(1), 39–52. doi: 10.1023/A:1026592305436. PubMedCrossRef

Eisenhower, A. S., Baker, B. L., & Blacher, J. (2005). Preschool children with intellectual disability: Syndrome specificity, behaviour problems, and maternal well-being. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49(9), 657–671. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00699.x. PubMedCrossRef

Enders, C. K., & Tofighi, D. (2007). Centering predictor variables in cross- sectional multilevel models: A new look at an old issue. Psychological Methods, 12(2), 121–138. doi: 10.1037/1082-989X.12.2.121. PubMedCrossRef

Friedrich, W. N., Greenberg, M. T., & Crnic, K. (1983). A short-form of the questionnaire on resources and stress. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 88(1), 41–48. PubMed

Glidden, L. M., & Floyd, F. J. (1997). Disaggregating parental depression and family stress in assessing families of children with developmental disabilities: A multisample analysis. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 102(3), 250–266. doi: 10.1352/0895-8017(1997)102<0250:DPDAFS>2.0.CO;2. PubMedCrossRef

Goodman, R. (1997). The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 38(5), 581–586. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x. CrossRef

Gray, D. E. (2003). Gender and coping: The parents of children with high functioning autism. Social Science and Medicine, 56(3), 631–642. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00059-X. PubMedCrossRef

Griffith, G. M., Hastings, R. P., Nash, S., & Hill, C. (2010). Using matched groups to explore child behavior problems and maternal well-being in children with Down syndrome and autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40, 610–619. PubMedCrossRef

Hastings, R. P. (2003). Child behaviour problems and partner mental health as correlates of stress in mothers and fathers of children with autism. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 47, 231–237. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2003.00485.x. PubMedCrossRef

Hastings, R. P., & Brown, T. (2002). Behavior problems of children with autism, parental self-efficacy, and mental health. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 107(3), 222–232. doi: 10.1352/0895-8017(2002)107<0222:BPOCWA>2.0.CO;2. PubMedCrossRef

Hastings, R. P., & Johnson, E. (2001). Stress in UK families conducting intensive home-based behavioral intervention for their young child with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31(3), 327–336. doi: 10.1023/A:1010799320795. PubMedCrossRef

Hastings, R. P., Kovshoff, H., Ward, N. J., Espinosa, F. D., Brown, T., & Remington, B. (2005). Systems analysis of stress and positive perceptions in mothers and fathers of pre-school children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35(5), 635–644. doi: 10.1007/s10803-005-0007-8. PubMedCrossRef

Hastings, R. P., & Taunt, H. M. (2002). Positive perceptions in families of children with developmental disabilities. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 107(2), 116–127. doi: 10.1352/0895-8017(2002)107<0116:PPIFOC>2.0.CO;2. PubMedCrossRef

Herring, S., Gray, K., Taffe, J., Tonge, B., Sweeney, D., & Einfeld, S. (2006). Behaviour and emotional problems in toddlers with pervasive developmental disorders and developmental delay: Associations with parental mental health and family functioning. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50, 874–882. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00904.x. PubMedCrossRef

Honey, E., Hastings, R. P., & McConachie, H. (2005). Use of the questionnaire on resources and stress (QRS-F) with parents of young children with autism. Autism, 9(3), 246–255. doi: 10.1177/1362361305053256. PubMedCrossRef

Iizuka, C., Yamashita, Y., Nagamitsu, S., Yamashita, T., Araki, Y., Ohya, T., et al. (2010). Comparison of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) scores between children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD). Brain & Development, 32(8), 609–612. doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2009.09.009. CrossRef

Kayfitz, A. D., Gragg, M. N., & Orr, R. R. (2010). Positive experiences of mothers and fathers of children with autism. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 23(4), 337–343. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3148.2009.00539.x. CrossRef

Konstantareas, M. M., & Homatidis, S. (1992). Mothers and fathers self-report of involvement with autistic, mentally delayed, and normal-children. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54(1), 153–164. doi: 10.2307/353283. CrossRef

Kraemer, H. C., & Blasey, C. M. (2004). Centring in regression analyses: A strategy to prevent errors in statistical inference. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 13(3), 141–151. doi: 10.1002/mpr.170. PubMedCrossRef

Kuehner, C. (2003). Gender differences in unipolar depression: An update of epidemiological findings and possible explanations. Acta Psychiatra Scandinavia, 108(3), 163–174. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.00204.x. CrossRef

Lecavalier, L. (2006). Behavioral and emotional problems in young people with pervasive developmental disorders: Relative prevalence, effects of subject characteristics, and empirical classification. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(8), 1101–1114. doi: 10.1007/s10803-006-0147-5. PubMedCrossRef

Lecavalier, L., Leone, S., & Wiltz, J. (2006). The impact of behaviour problems on caregiver stress in young people with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50, 172–183. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00732.x. PubMedCrossRef

Lustig, D. C. (2002). Family coping in families with a child with a disability. Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, 37(1), 14–22.

MacDonald, E. E., Hastings, R. P., & Fitzsimons, E. (2010). Psychological acceptance mediates the impact of the behaviour problems of children with intellectual disability on fathers’ psychological adjustment. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 23(1), 27–37. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3148.2009.00546.x. CrossRef

McLean, C. P., & Anderson, E. R. (2009). Brave men and timid women? A review of the gender differences in fear and anxiety. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(6), 496–505. PubMedCrossRef

Micali, N., Chakrabarti, S., & Fombonne, E. (2004). The broad autism phenotype. Autism, 8(1), 21–37. PubMedCrossRef

Moerbeek, M., van Breukelen, G. J. P., & Berger, M. P. (2003). A comparison between traditional methods and multilevel regression for the analysis of multicenter intervention studies. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 56(4), 341–350. doi: 10.1016/S0895-4356(03)00007-6. PubMedCrossRef

Moes, D., Koegel, R. L., Schreibman, L., & Loos, L. M. (1992). Stress profiles for mothers and fathers of children with autism. Psychological Reports, 71(3), 1272–1274. doi: 10.2466/PR0.71.8.1272-1274. PubMed

Mori, K., Ujiie, T., Smith, A., & Howlin, P. (2009). Parental stress associated with caring for children with Asperger’s syndrome or autism. Pediatrics International, 51, 364–370. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-200X.2008.02728.x. PubMedCrossRef

Olsson, M. B., & Hwang, C. P. (2001). Depression in mothers and fathers of children with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 45(6), 535–543. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2001.00372.x. PubMedCrossRef

Olsson, M. B., & Hwang, P. C. (2003). Influence of macrostructure of society on the life situation of families with a child with intellectual disability: Sweden as an example. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 47(4–5), 328–341. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2003.00494.x. PubMedCrossRef

Osborne, L. A., & Reed, P. (2009). The relationship between parenting stress and behavior problems of children with autistic spectrum disorders. Exceptional Children, 76(1), 54–73.

Petalas, M. A., Hastings, R. P., Nash, S., Hall, L. M., Joannidi, H., & Dowey, A. (2012). Psychological adjustment and sibling relationships in siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders: Environmental stressors and the broad autism phenotype. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6, 546–555. CrossRef

Phetrasuwan, S., & Miles, M. S. (2009). Parenting stress in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 14(3), 157–165. PubMedCrossRef

Pit-ten Cate, I. M. (2003 unpublished). Family adjustment to disability and chronic illness in children. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, University of Southhampton.

Pottie, C. G., Cohen, J., & Ingram, K. M. (2009). Parenting a child with autism: Contextual factors associated with enhanced daily parental mood. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 34(4), 419–429. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsn094. PubMedCrossRef

Pottie, C. G., & Ingram, K. M. (2008). Daily stress, coping, and well-being in parents of children with autism: A multilevel modeling approach. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(6), 855–864. doi: 10.1037/a0013604. PubMedCrossRef

Rimmerman, A., Turkel, L., & Crossman, R. (2003). Perception of child development, child-related stress and dyadic adjustment: Pair analysis of married couples of young children with developmental disabilities. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 28(2), 188–195. doi: 10.1080/1366825031000147111. CrossRef

Rutter, M., Bailey, A., Lord, C., & Berument, S. K. (2003). Social communication questionnaire. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.

Rydebrandt, B. (1991). Defense strategies and anxiety in mothers of disabled-children. European Journal of Personality, 5(5), 367–377. doi: 10.1002/per.2410050504. CrossRef

Schieve, L. A., Blumberg, S. J., Rice, C., Visser, S. N., & Boyle, C. (2007). The relationship between autism and parenting stress. Pediatrics, 119, S114–S121. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-2089Q. PubMedCrossRef

Seligman, M., & Darling, R. B. (1997). Ordinary families: Special children. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Smith, L. E., Hong, J., Seltzer, M. M., Greenberg, J. S., Almeida, D. M., & Bishop, S. L. (2010). Daily experiences among mothers of adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(2), 167–178. doi: 10.1007/s10803-009-0844-y. PubMedCrossRef

Sparrow, S. S., Cicchetti, D. V., & Balla, D. A. (2005). Vineland II adaptive behaviour scales. A revision of the Vineland social maturity scale by Edgar A. Doll. Survey interview form. Circle Pines, MN: AGS Publishing.

Sukhodolsky, D. G., Scahill, L., Gadow, K. D., Arnold, L. E., Aman, M. G., McDougle, C. J., et al. (2008). Parent-rated anxiety symptoms in children with pervasive developmental disorders: Frequency and association with core autism symptoms and cognitive functioning. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36(1), 117–128. doi: 10.1007/s10802-007-9165-9. PubMedCrossRef

Tehee, E., Honan, R., & Hevey, D. (2009). Factors contributing to stress in parents of individuals with autistic spectrum disorders. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 22(1), 34–42. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3148.2008.00437.x. CrossRef

Tobing, L. E., & Glenwick, D. S. (2002). Relation of the childhood autism rating scale-parent version to diagnosis, stress, and age. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 23(3), 211–223. doi: 10.1016/S0891-4222(02)00099-9. PubMedCrossRef

Totsika, V., Hastings, R. P., Emerson, E., Berridge, D. M., & Lancaster, G. A. (2011a). Behavior problems at 5 years of age and maternal mental health in autism and intellectual disability. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39(8), 1137–1147. doi: 10.1007/s10802-011-9534-2. PubMedCrossRef

Totsika, V., Hastings, R. P., Emerson, E., Lancaster, G. A., & Berridge, D. M. (2011b). A population-based investigation of behavioural and emotional problems and maternal mental health: Associations with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52(1), 91–99. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02295.x. PubMedCrossRef

Van de Velde, S., Bracke, P., & Levecque, K. (2010). Gender differences in depression in 23 European countries. Cross-national variation in the gender gap in depression. Social Science and Medicine, 71(2), 305–313. PubMedCrossRef

World Health Organization. (2008). ICD-10: International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (10th Rev. ed.). New York, NY: Author.

Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361–370. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x. PubMedCrossRef

Titel: Gender Differences When Parenting Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Multilevel Modeling Approach
Auteurs: Leah Jones
Vasiliki Totsika
Richard P. Hastings
Michael A. Petalas
Publicatiedatum: 01-09-2013
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 9/2013
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1756-9

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 9/2013

Brief Report: Parent Verbal Responsiveness and Language Development in Toddlers on the Autism Spectrum

Brief Report: Is Cognitive Rehabilitation Needed in Verbal Adults with Autism? Insights from Initial Enrollment in a Trial of Cognitive Enhancement Therapy

Improving Socialization for High School Students with ASD by Using Their Preferred Interests

Children with Autism in the People’s Republic of China: Diagnosis, Legal Issues, and Educational Services

Residual Difficulties with Categorical Induction in Children with a History of Autism

Speech Preference is Associated with Autistic-Like Behavior in 18-Months-Olds at Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder