Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: GZ - Psychologie 6/2012

01-09-2012 | Wetenschap

Gegeneraliseerde angststoornis

Diagnostische overwegingen en nieuwe behandelmogelijkheden1

Auteur: Dr. C. van der Heiden

Gepubliceerd in: GZ - Psychologie | Uitgave 6/2012

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Samenvatting

De gegeneraliseerde angststoornis (GAS) is een veelvoorkomende stoornis, die in de klinische praktijk lastig te diagnosticeren en te behandelen blijkt. Er is dan ook behoefte aan diagnostische richtlijnen en effectievere behandelingen dan de huidige richtlijnbehandelingen (psychofarmaca of cognitieve gedragstherapie [CGT]). In dit artikel worden de voor de klinische praktijk belangrijkste aanbevelingen en uitkomsten uit het proefschrift On the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of generalized anxiety disorder van Van der Heiden (2011) besproken. Naast praktische richtlijnen om de differentiaaldiagnostiek te verbeteren, worden de uitkomsten van een gerandomiseerde, wachtlijstgecontroleerde effectstudie besproken. In deze studie werden twee specifiek voor GAS ontwikkelde vormen van CGT met elkaar vergeleken. Daaruit bleek dat metacognitieve therapie, gericht op het wijzigen van de opvattingen die patiënten hebben over hun gepieker, het meest effectief was. Het artikel wordt daarom afgesloten met een gevalsbeschrijving, waarin de toepassing van deze methode wordt toegelicht.
Voetnoten
1
Gebaseerd op Van der Heiden ( 2012; in voorbereiding)
 
Literatuur
go back to reference Altamura, A. C., Dell’Osso, B., D’Urso, N., Russo, M., Fumagalli, S., & Mundo, E. (2008). Duration of untreated illness as a predictor of treatment response and clinical course in generalized anxiety disorder. CNS Spectrums, 13, 415-422.CrossRefPubMed Altamura, A. C., Dell’Osso, B., D’Urso, N., Russo, M., Fumagalli, S., & Mundo, E. (2008). Duration of untreated illness as a predictor of treatment response and clinical course in generalized anxiety disorder. CNS Spectrums, 13, 415-422.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington: APA.CrossRef American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington: APA.CrossRef
go back to reference Ballenger, J. C., Davidson, J. R., Lecrubier, Y., Nutt, D. J., Borkovec, T. D., Rickels, K., Stein, D. J., & Wittchen, H.-U. (2001). Consensus statement on generalized anxiety disorder from the International Consensus Group on Depression and Anxiety. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62, 53-58.PubMed Ballenger, J. C., Davidson, J. R., Lecrubier, Y., Nutt, D. J., Borkovec, T. D., Rickels, K., Stein, D. J., & Wittchen, H.-U. (2001). Consensus statement on generalized anxiety disorder from the International Consensus Group on Depression and Anxiety. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62, 53-58.PubMed
go back to reference Beesdo, K., Hoyer, J., Jacobi, F., Low, N. C. P., Höfler, M., & Wittchen, H.-U. (2009). Association between generalized anxiety levels and pain in a community sample: Evidence for diagnostic specificity. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 684-693.CrossRefPubMed Beesdo, K., Hoyer, J., Jacobi, F., Low, N. C. P., Höfler, M., & Wittchen, H.-U. (2009). Association between generalized anxiety levels and pain in a community sample: Evidence for diagnostic specificity. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 684-693.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Borkovec, T. D., Abel, J. L., & Newman, H. (1995). The effects of therapy on comorbid conditions in generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 479-483.CrossRefPubMed Borkovec, T. D., Abel, J. L., & Newman, H. (1995). The effects of therapy on comorbid conditions in generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 479-483.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Borkovec, T.D., Shadick, R.N., & Hopkins, M.B. (1991). The nature of pathological and normal worry. In: R. Rapee & D. Barlow (Eds.), Chronic anxiety: Generalized anxiety disorder and mixed anxiety-depression (pp. 29–51). New York: Guilford Press. Borkovec, T.D., Shadick, R.N., & Hopkins, M.B. (1991). The nature of pathological and normal worry. In: R. Rapee & D. Barlow (Eds.), Chronic anxiety: Generalized anxiety disorder and mixed anxiety-depression (pp. 29–51). New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Brown, T. A., DiNardo, P. A., Lehman, C. L., & Campbell, L. A. (2001). Reliability of DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders: Implications for classification of emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 49-58.CrossRefPubMed Brown, T. A., DiNardo, P. A., Lehman, C. L., & Campbell, L. A. (2001). Reliability of DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders: Implications for classification of emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 49-58.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bruce, S. E., Machan, J. T., Dyck, I., & Keller, M. B. (2001). Infrequency of ‘pure’ GAD: Impact of psychiatric comorbidity on clinical course. Depression and Anxiety, 14, 219-225.CrossRefPubMed Bruce, S. E., Machan, J. T., Dyck, I., & Keller, M. B. (2001). Infrequency of ‘pure’ GAD: Impact of psychiatric comorbidity on clinical course. Depression and Anxiety, 14, 219-225.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Dugas, M.J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcot, J., Gauvet, A., Ladouceur, R., Leblanc, R., & Gervais, N.J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 41, 46-58.CrossRefPubMed Dugas, M.J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcot, J., Gauvet, A., Ladouceur, R., Leblanc, R., & Gervais, N.J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 41, 46-58.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Dugas, M.J., & Ladouceur, R. (2000). Treatment of generalised anxiety disorder: Targeting intolerance of uncertainty in two types of worry. Behavior Modification, 24, 635-658.CrossRefPubMed Dugas, M.J., & Ladouceur, R. (2000). Treatment of generalised anxiety disorder: Targeting intolerance of uncertainty in two types of worry. Behavior Modification, 24, 635-658.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Dugas, M.J., Ladouceur, R., Léger, E., Freeston, M.H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M.D., & Boisvert, J.-M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 821-825.CrossRefPubMed Dugas, M.J., Ladouceur, R., Léger, E., Freeston, M.H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M.D., & Boisvert, J.-M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 821-825.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Dugas, M. J., & Robichaud, M. (2007). Cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: From science to practice. New York/London: Routledge. Dugas, M. J., & Robichaud, M. (2007). Cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: From science to practice. New York/London: Routledge.
go back to reference D’Zurilla, T. J., & Nezu, A. M. (1999). Problem-solving therapy: A social competence approach to clinical intervention (2nd ed.). New York, NJ: Springer. D’Zurilla, T. J., & Nezu, A. M. (1999). Problem-solving therapy: A social competence approach to clinical intervention (2nd ed.). New York, NJ: Springer.
go back to reference Fisher, P. L. (2006). The efficacy of psychological treatments for generalised anxiety disorder? In: G. C. L. Davey & A. Wells (Eds.), Worry and its psychological disorders: Theory, Assessment and Treatment (pp. 359–378). Chichester: Wiley.CrossRef Fisher, P. L. (2006). The efficacy of psychological treatments for generalised anxiety disorder? In: G. C. L. Davey & A. Wells (Eds.), Worry and its psychological disorders: Theory, Assessment and Treatment (pp. 359–378). Chichester: Wiley.CrossRef
go back to reference Gosselin, P., Ladouceur, R., Morin, C.M., Dugas, M.J., Baillargeron, L. (2006). Benzodiazepine discontinuation among adults with GAD: A randomized trial of cognitive behavioral therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 908-919.CrossRefPubMed Gosselin, P., Ladouceur, R., Morin, C.M., Dugas, M.J., Baillargeron, L. (2006). Benzodiazepine discontinuation among adults with GAD: A randomized trial of cognitive behavioral therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 908-919.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Heiden, C. van der (2009). Metacognitieve therapie bij gegeneraliseerde angst. Houten: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum.CrossRef Heiden, C. van der (2009). Metacognitieve therapie bij gegeneraliseerde angst. Houten: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum.CrossRef
go back to reference Heiden, C. van der (2011). On the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of generalized anxiety disorder [academisch proefschrift]. Enschede: Ipskamp. Heiden, C. van der (2011). On the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of generalized anxiety disorder [academisch proefschrift]. Enschede: Ipskamp.
go back to reference Heiden, C. van der (2012). Cognitieve gedragstherapie voor de gegeneraliseerde angststoornis: een literatuuroverzicht en een gevalsbeschrijving? Directieve therapie, 32, 14-37. Heiden, C. van der (2012). Cognitieve gedragstherapie voor de gegeneraliseerde angststoornis: een literatuuroverzicht en een gevalsbeschrijving? Directieve therapie, 32, 14-37.
go back to reference Heiden, C. van der (in voorbereiding). Gegeneraliseerde angststoornis. In: Franken, I., Muris, P, & Denys, D. (red.), Basisboek Psychopathologie. Utrecht: De Tijdstroom. Heiden, C. van der (in voorbereiding). Gegeneraliseerde angststoornis. In: Franken, I., Muris, P, & Denys, D. (red.), Basisboek Psychopathologie. Utrecht: De Tijdstroom.
go back to reference Heiden, C. van der & Broeke, E. ten (2009). The when, why and how of worry exposure. Cognitive Behavioral Practice, 16, 386-393.CrossRef Heiden, C. van der & Broeke, E. ten (2009). The when, why and how of worry exposure. Cognitive Behavioral Practice, 16, 386-393.CrossRef
go back to reference Heiden, C. van der, Methorst, G., Muris, P., & Van der Molen, H. T. (2011). Generalized anxiety disorder: Clinical presentation, diagnostic features, and guidelines for clinical practice. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67, 58-73.CrossRefPubMed Heiden, C. van der, Methorst, G., Muris, P., & Van der Molen, H. T. (2011). Generalized anxiety disorder: Clinical presentation, diagnostic features, and guidelines for clinical practice. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67, 58-73.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hoyer, J., Heiden, C. van der, & Portman, M. E. (2011). Psychotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Psychiatric Annals, 41, 87-94.CrossRef Hoyer, J., Heiden, C. van der, & Portman, M. E. (2011). Psychotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Psychiatric Annals, 41, 87-94.CrossRef
go back to reference Hunot, V., Churchill, R., & Silva de Lima Teixeira, V. (2007). Psychological therapies for generalized anxiety disorder. (Review). Cochrane Database Systematic Review (1), D001848. Hunot, V., Churchill, R., & Silva de Lima Teixeira, V. (2007). Psychological therapies for generalized anxiety disorder. (Review). Cochrane Database Systematic Review (1), D001848.
go back to reference Kessler, R. C. (2002). Evidence that generalized anxiety disorder is an independent disorder. In: D. Nutt, K. Rickels & D. J. Stein (Eds.), Generalized anxiety disorder: Symptomatology, pathogenesis and management (pp. 3–10). London: Martin Dunitz. Kessler, R. C. (2002). Evidence that generalized anxiety disorder is an independent disorder. In: D. Nutt, K. Rickels & D. J. Stein (Eds.), Generalized anxiety disorder: Symptomatology, pathogenesis and management (pp. 3–10). London: Martin Dunitz.
go back to reference Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M.J., Freeston, M.H., Léger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 957-964.CrossRefPubMed Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M.J., Freeston, M.H., Léger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 957-964.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Landelijke Stuurgroep Multidisciplinaire Richtlijnontwikkeling in de GGZ (LSMR) (2005). Multidisciplinaire richtlijn angststoornissen. Richtlijn voor diagnostiek, behandeling en begeleiding van volwassen cliënten met een angststoornis. Utrecht: Trimbos-instituut. Landelijke Stuurgroep Multidisciplinaire Richtlijnontwikkeling in de GGZ (LSMR) (2005). Multidisciplinaire richtlijn angststoornissen. Richtlijn voor diagnostiek, behandeling en begeleiding van volwassen cliënten met een angststoornis. Utrecht: Trimbos-instituut.
go back to reference Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1994). Cognitive approaches to emotion. Annual Review of Psychology, 45, 25-50.CrossRefPubMed Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1994). Cognitive approaches to emotion. Annual Review of Psychology, 45, 25-50.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L. & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 487-495.CrossRefPubMed Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L. & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 487-495.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Mitte, K. (2005). Meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral treatments for generalized anxiety disorder: a comparison with pharmacotherapy. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 785-795.CrossRefPubMed Mitte, K. (2005). Meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral treatments for generalized anxiety disorder: a comparison with pharmacotherapy. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 785-795.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Newman, M. G., Przeworski, A., Fisher, A. J., & Borkovec, T. D. (2010). Diagnostic comorbidity in adults with generalized anxiety disorder: Impact of comorbidity on psychotherapy outcome and impact of psychotherapy on comorbid diagnoses. Behavior Therapy, 41, 59-72.CrossRefPubMed Newman, M. G., Przeworski, A., Fisher, A. J., & Borkovec, T. D. (2010). Diagnostic comorbidity in adults with generalized anxiety disorder: Impact of comorbidity on psychotherapy outcome and impact of psychotherapy on comorbid diagnoses. Behavior Therapy, 41, 59-72.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Ploeg, H. M. van der (2000). Handleiding bij de Zelf Beoordelings Vragenlijst. Een Nederlandstalige bewerking van de Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger. Ploeg, H. M. van der (2000). Handleiding bij de Zelf Beoordelings Vragenlijst. Een Nederlandstalige bewerking van de Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger.
go back to reference Simon, N. M. (2009). Generalized anxiety disorder and psychiatric comorbidities such as depression, bipolar disorder, and substance abuse. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 70 (suppl. 2), 10-14.CrossRefPubMed Simon, N. M. (2009). Generalized anxiety disorder and psychiatric comorbidities such as depression, bipolar disorder, and substance abuse. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 70 (suppl. 2), 10-14.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Weisberg, R. B. (2009). Overview of generalized anxiety disorder: Epidemiology, presentation, and course. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 70 (suppl. 2), 4-9.CrossRefPubMed Weisberg, R. B. (2009). Overview of generalized anxiety disorder: Epidemiology, presentation, and course. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 70 (suppl. 2), 4-9.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Wells, A. (1995). Metacognition and worry: A cognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23, 301-320.CrossRef Wells, A. (1995). Metacognition and worry: A cognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23, 301-320.CrossRef
go back to reference Wells, A. (1997). Cognitive therapy of anxiety disorders: A practice manual and conceptual guide. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. Wells, A. (1997). Cognitive therapy of anxiety disorders: A practice manual and conceptual guide. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
go back to reference Wells, A. (2009). Metacognitive therapy for anxiety and depression. New York/London: The Guilford Press. Wells, A. (2009). Metacognitive therapy for anxiety and depression. New York/London: The Guilford Press.
go back to reference Wells, A., & King, P. (2006). Metacognitive therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: An open trial. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 37, 206-212.CrossRefPubMed Wells, A., & King, P. (2006). Metacognitive therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: An open trial. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 37, 206-212.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Wells, A., Welford, M., King, P., Wisely, J., & Mendel, E. (2010). A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy versus applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 429-434.CrossRefPubMed Wells, A., Welford, M., King, P., Wisely, J., & Mendel, E. (2010). A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy versus applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 429-434.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Wierzbicki, M., & Pekarik, G. (1993). A meta-analysis of psychotherapy dropout. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 24,190-195.CrossRef Wierzbicki, M., & Pekarik, G. (1993). A meta-analysis of psychotherapy dropout. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 24,190-195.CrossRef
go back to reference Zimmermann, M., & Chelminski, I. (2003b). Clinical recognition of anxiety disorders in depressed outpatients. Journal of Psychiatry Research, 37, 325-333.CrossRef Zimmermann, M., & Chelminski, I. (2003b). Clinical recognition of anxiety disorders in depressed outpatients. Journal of Psychiatry Research, 37, 325-333.CrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Gegeneraliseerde angststoornis
Diagnostische overwegingen en nieuwe behandelmogelijkheden1
Auteur
Dr. C. van der Heiden
Publicatiedatum
01-09-2012
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Gepubliceerd in
GZ - Psychologie / Uitgave 6/2012
Print ISSN: 1879-5080
Elektronisch ISSN: 1879-5099
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41480-012-0055-6

Andere artikelen Uitgave 6/2012

GZ - Psychologie 6/2012 Naar de uitgave