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Gepubliceerd in: Neuropraxis 2/2017

03-03-2017 | Artikel

Gedragsaanpassing in psychopathie: inzichten uit de cognitieve en neurowetenschappen

Auteur: Inti A. Brazil

Gepubliceerd in: Neuropraxis | Uitgave 2/2017

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Samenvatting

Antisociale personen vormen een grote last voor de maatschappij, onder andere omdat ze voor veel emotionele en financiële schade zorgen. Binnen de forensische psychiatrie wordt geprobeerd om deze personen te helpen met het verder ontwikkelen van hun vermogen om gedrag te reguleren. Helaas leidt deze hulp niet altijd tot de beoogde resultaten, omdat antisociale populaties heterogeen zijn, met sterke interpersoonlijke verschillen in de neurobiologische en cognitieve factoren die tot de antisociale gedragingen leiden. Personen met psychopathie vormen een van de meest extreme subpopulaties en zijn ook relatief moeilijk te behandelen. Om deze mensen beter te kunnen helpen, is het nodig om behandelinterventies te ontwikkelen die rekening houden met hun cognitieve verwerkingsstijl, omdat aan antisociaal gedrag een grote diversiteit van neurocognitieve afwijkingen ten grondslag zou kunnen liggen. Recent onderzoek laat zien dat er een subgroep antisociale personen is met psychopathische kenmerken die zijn verbonden aan verminderd leren van negatieve uitkomsten (zoals leren van fouten), maar ook dat de manier waarop informatie wordt aangeboden (bijv. context) relevant is voor gedragsaanpassing. Meer inzicht in de neurocognitieve mechanismen die zijn aangedaan in psychopathie, zou op termijn kunnen leiden tot de ontwikkeling van behandelinterventies die aansluiten bij de cognitieve verwerkingsstijl van deze groep antisociale personen.
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Metagegevens
Titel
Gedragsaanpassing in psychopathie: inzichten uit de cognitieve en neurowetenschappen
Auteur
Inti A. Brazil
Publicatiedatum
03-03-2017
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Gepubliceerd in
Neuropraxis / Uitgave 2/2017
Print ISSN: 1387-5817
Elektronisch ISSN: 1876-5785
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12474-017-0150-y

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