Introduction
SM and (Social) Anxiety
Attention Processing in Anxiety Disorders
Direction of Biased Attention
Visual Exploration
Biased Attention Processing in Children with SAD
Biased Attention Processing in Children with SM
Current Study
Materials and Methods
Sample
SM | SP | TD | p | Post-hoc | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 28 | 28 | 28 | ||
Age | 9.39 (1.23) | 9.61 (1.17) | 10.14 (1.27) | .067 | – |
Gender (f/m) | 18/10 | 16/12 | 12/16 | .261 | – |
FSSM—DS | 7.54 (2.25) | 4.11 (2.83) | .79 (1.44) | < .000 | SM > SAD > TD |
FSSM-SS (z-score) | .72 (.98) | .17 (.78) | − .89 (.34) | < .000 | SM > SAD > TD |
SPAI-C sum score | 19.26 (9.81) | 18.05 (10.11) | 8.88 (5.94) | < .000 | SM = SAD > TD |
RIBI score | 39.64 (14.46) | 41.43 (16.68) | 25.14 (15.63) | < .000 | SM = SAD > TD |
Tracking-ratio (%) | 71.08 (13.55) | 72.78 (12.38) | 73.23 (13.85) | .815 | - |
Materials
Diagnostic Interview for Mental Disorders in Children and Adolescents (Kinder-DIPS)
Frankfurt Scale of Selective Mutism (FSSM)
Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C)
Retrospective Infant Behavioral Inhibition Scale (RIBI)
Video Task
Procedure
Data Preparation and Statistical Analysis
Data Preparation and Pre-analysis on Whole Video Sequences
Early Attentional Bias Towards Threat
Late-Occurring Attentional Biases Towards Threat: Avoidance and Delayed Disengagement
Extent of Visual Exploration
Performed Analyses
Results
Descriptive Statistics and Correlational Analyses
SPL (pixel) | FTeye (ms) | FTeye f500 (ms) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | p | r | p | r | p | |
Age | − .114 | .304 | .080 | .467 | .128 | .247 |
Gender | .109 | .325 | − .094 | .394 | − .146 | .184 |
FSSM-SS | − .063 | .568 | − .275 | .011 | − .177 | .108 |
FSSM-Freeze | − .208 | .057 | − .176 | .110 | − .109 | .326 |
SPAI-C | .110 | .320 | − .112 | .312 | − .129 | .241 |
RIBI | .002 | .987 | − .060 | .616 | − .048 | .691 |
Attentional Bias
Early Attentional Bias
Delayed Disengagement and Avoidance
Time Course of Gaze Behavior During the 4 s Free Viewing Task
Extent of Visual Exploration
Main Analysis
Further Analysis
SPL-Q (pixel) | SPL-E (pixel) | SPL-N (pixel) | SPLfvt (pixel) | FT-Q (ms) | FT-E (ms) | FT-N (ms) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | p | r | p | r | p | r | p | r | p | r | p | r | p | |
Age | .046 | .675 | .104 | .094 | .094 | .394 | .106 | .339 | .045 | .686 | .074 | .503 | .091 | .412 |
Gender | .009 | .933 | .014 | − .034 | − .034 | .758 | − .003 | .981 | − .134 | .224 | − .104 | .347 | − .047 | .670 |
FSSM-SS | − .097 | .380 | − .205 | .061 | − .192 | .080 | − .212 | .052 | − .162 | .141 | − .147 | .183 | − .107 | .332 |
FSSM-Freeze | − .252 | .021 | − .358 | .001 | − .257 | .018 | − .374 | .001 | − .151 | .171 | − .101 | .360 | − .094 | .396 |
SPAI-C | − .140 | .204 | .005 | .967 | − .086 | .436 | − .088 | .426 | .089 | .421 | .003 | .979 | .044 | .691 |
RIBI | .148 | .215 | − .031 | .026 | .026 | .830 | .055 | .646 | − .054 | .625 | − .026 | .826 | .016 | .893 |